跨文化翻译中的异化与归化.txt

黯 foerignizationanddomesticationin 1anslationacorsscultuer 00 10542030720041 黯 foerignizationanddomesticationin translationaerosscultuer . . 00foreignizationanddomesticationintranslationacrossulture by pengcan supevrised by proefssorxiaoyunchu submitted to theforeinglanugageinstitute inpartialuflfillmentoftherequirements ofrthedegreeofmasterofasrt inthesubjeetof englishlanguageandliteartuer hunannormaluniversity chnagshachina june2006 acknowledgements 1amofrtunaettothelpandeneouragelnentorfmallmyteaehesr duringhtepasturieeyearsofgaduaetsutdyintheoferingianguageinstitute ofhunannomralullivesri.yt . 1wuoldletotakehtisopportuniyttohtnak myteaellers. iwoepsecialhtaknstomysupevrisorporefssorxiaoyunchu.itisllis insurtctiveclassulatprovokedmyinteesrstintarnslationstudy.hegaveme supportandeneouargementoverhetasrnad dratfsof.tllisthesis.butofr1115earnestinsturetions ti15htesiscouldnot11avepeaerd ontainaremyersponsibiliytalone. mytlaknsalso90toproefssor intspersent eonlnentedontleearly andlubalesuggestions ofrm.anyerrorsitmay bai porefssorhuangzllendiproefssor jiellongproefssorjiallghongxin jialg jianso19proefssorlit- xuemingdungnagguanofrtheirexeellentleetlresa;ldageratdealofleip alldenco:.argelneltdringtlleniakingoftl15tllesis. fiall . 1wisltotl.1ainiyaf:nilyandlyrooatesofrtleiriove supportandencouragementalltheseyeasr. 2 黯糤 黯 黯 黯岿 硣 黯黯壬 黯 塢 黯黯 仯仯 黯 巭 淨黯 -巨 黯 :;黯;abstract translation15likeabridge.therearediefferntelimaxandseenery betweenthepointsofabridge.peoplebetwenethepointsofabridgelive diflrentlyincustomlanguageandeuluter.translation15likeabridgewhieh crossmountainsandriversbetweenthepointsofabridge.translation15not onlyaninteriingualactivitybutalsoanintecrulutarlaetivit.ylinguistic trnasefernee15oulythesuarfeeofrtanslationwhileuclutreexehange15the esseneeoftranslation. thereestsalonglastingeonortversyinrtanslationfieldthat15the dbeatebetweenthesarttegyofoferignizationandthestartegyof domestieation.inartnslationartanslatoralwaysafeesaehoieebetween adheringtothesleulurteorientedortohtetleulutreoriented.whethera pieeeofrtnaslationworkshouldbesleulutreorientedor tleultureoriented?thisremainsanunsettleduqestionaswellastheeenter ofdebateinthertanslationfield.l.venutidavoeatesoferignizingrtanslation whereaseugenea.nidaadvoeatesdomestieatingartnslation. thehtesiserseacrhessrtategiesinrtanslationacrosseulutre.that15 oferignizationanddomestieation.thehtesisconsistsoffivechaptesrinbod.y thefirstchapteranalyzestheerlationshipbetweeneultureand translation.itpointsouttherelativertnaslatbailityofeultureculture diflrencesbetweenhtewestnadhteeasteulurtalufnetionofrtanslationand theeonepetofeulutralrtanslation. thesecondehapterexpoundsoferigulzationsrtategyanddomestieation srtatgeyindetail.itineludestheoriginanddefinitionofofreignizationand domesticationandtherepresentativedavoeateanddavoeacyofoferignization anddornestieation. thehtidrehapterdiseussestheacfotrsconditioningtheehoieeof strategiesintranslationrfommaerolveelandeorlevel.therearefive afctorsatmaerolevel.that15typesofsoureetextsgorupsofreadership 111ideologyofhtetranslatorthertanslator5intentioneonartstbetweenhte sourcelanugagecultuerandthetgaretlnaguageeulture.therearethree afctorsatcrolevel:that15eontextpragmaticconsiderationandbasie geniusofhtetagretlanguage. theofurthehpateranalyzestherelationshipbetweenhtechinese eulutralstatusnadthetranslationsrtategies.1thinkmoerofreignization ersultsrfomaweakerchineseeultuerandmoerdornestieationresultsrfoma sortngerchineseeulutre.foreignizationstrategyanddomestieationstrategy areersrtictdebyeulturedeeplyandaerehangedaceordingotculuterstauts variation. inehpaterfiveitshowshtepaplieationofofreignizationand domestieationsarttegiestakeneultuarllyloadedlexemesasexamples.atfirst itdefinesandclassifiesculutrallyloadedlexemesthenhteeonereteexamples areshownonhowtortanslateeulturallyloadedlexemesbyusing oferignizationanddomestieationsarttegies.inhtehtesistheerare rtansliterationliteraltranslationborrowingliteralrtanslationwith epxlanationnadliteraltrnaslationwithannotationmethodsbyusing reignizationapproaeh.thereaererfeartnslationsimplificationsubstitution andparpahrasingartnslationmehtodsbyemployingdomestieationpaproaeh. niawodrthehtesisdiseusseshteapplieationofoferignizationsarttegy anddomestieationstratgeyunderhtedifirentsiutationstaken eulturallylodaedlexemesasexamples.inrtanslatingnotonlyinofmartionof thesoueretextshouldbetranseferrdaeeuartelybutalsoorfeignessandflavor ofsoureetextshouldberetainedasmuehaspossibleinordertoobtainhigher culutrceopnnunication. keywords:ofreignization;domestieation;eulture:translation tarnslationstartegiescontents .i abstractnl intorduction1 chapteroneananalysisoftherelationshipbewteencultureand 1anslation.3 1.1relatvietranslatabliiytofculuter.3 1.2clllutraldiflrencesbctweenhtcelstalldhteeast.5 1.2.1psychologicaldieffernces.5 1.2.2dlrentethicsandarlues.6 1.2.3aeshteticdifefernces.7 1.2.4religiousandcusotnarydiflrences.7 1.3translationakindofintercllltumlc0mmullieation8 1.3.1culutralfunction0ftranslation10 1.3.2culutarltranslation.12 1.4diffieultiesintranslationcausdebyculutralfaetosr17 chapter0anintroductiontoforeignizationanddomestication19 2.1theoriginnaddefinitionofforeignizationanddomestication.19 2.1.1alineationnadassimi1ation.19 2.1.2foreignizatninanddomestciation.20 2.2venuti5advoeacyoffoerignizationtranslation.22 2.3ndia5advocacyofdomestciatointrnaslatnin.25 2.4muutalcomplementofforeignizationanddomestieation.28 chapterthreefactorsconditioningthechoieeofanslationstrategies 32 3.1faetosrinseleetionoftranslationstartegiesathtemaeorlevel32 3.1.1typesofsts.32 3.1.2groupsofreaders.35 3.1.3ideologyofthetrans1ator.3thetrnaslatorsattiutdeotwardhtest39 thetranslator5culutarlartiutdes40 3.1.4thetranslator5intention41 3.1.5contrastsbetweenhtesleulturenadhtetleuluter.42 3.2faetosrinselectionoftrnaslationsrtategiesatthemierolevel44 3.2.1context.44 3.2.2pragmatciconsiderati0n.46 3.2.3basicgennisofthetgetlanugage.46 hypoatctcivs.paratactci47 complexvs.simpelx47 chapterfourananalysisoftherelationshipbetweenchinesecultural statusandrranslationstrategels49 4.1translatoinrfomasortngculretoaelakculutre49 4.2moerfoerignizationresultingorfmawakerchineseculutre.50 4.3translationrfomawakculutretoastrongculture53 4.4moredomestieationresultingorfmasrtongerchineseculuter54 chapterfivetakingculturallyoadedlxeemesasexamplestoshow theapplicationofforeignizationanddomestiaction.57 5.1definitionandclassifieationofculutrallyloadedlexemes.57 5.1.1definitionofculutarnyoladedlexemes57 5.1.2classifieationofculurtallylodaedlexemes60 thesameconepetualandassoeiativemeaning.60 thesameconepetualmeaningpartiallysameassociative maening61 thesameconepeutalmeaningdiefferntassoeiative maening.62 thesameconeeptualmeaningwithriehassociative meaninginonelangugaebutvaeantinanother.63 uniuqetoonelnauggae64 5.2translationapporachestoculturallyloadedlexemes.665.2.1foerginiaztinonadsitujsticfiatino66 transhteration.68 ltieraltranslation.70 borrowing.72 5.2.l.4litearltranslationwihtexplanation73 l1tera1translati0nwihtannotati0n74 5.2.2dornesticationanditsujstifieati0n76 freetranslation78 5.2:22simp1ificati0n82 substiuttion. . 84 paarprliasing.85 conclusion.89 bibllography91 .93 İ93 .95 7foreignizationanddomestciationintranslationaeorssculutre introduction dieffrentlanguageshavetheiruniquecultureeonnotation.the exehangeandeonununieationbetwenelnaguagesareinessencetheexehange betweeneultuers.anslationplaysnaindispnesablenadirrpelaeeablerolein cornnunieationaeorsseultuers.asarfasitsbasiedefinition15eoncmeedthe majortaskoftarnslation15toutnrhteuclutarleonientinonelanguageinto anohtcf50whehterit15afihtuflornotlagrelydependsonhtedegeresofthe rtanslator5graspofthetwolanguagesanhtesubtledieffernceofhte eulutraleonteniexpressedinthelnagugaes.thustarnslationwillinevitably eneountertheporblemofeulturenadistrepresentations. todealwihthtisporblemtheoristshvaeeomeupwihttwokindsof approaehesthathaveoarusedheateddbeaets.thishtesissestuottosutdythe twosrtategiesinartnslationacorsseulurtes:one15ofreignizationandthe other15domestieation.foerignization15souerelanguageeultureoriented rtanslationwhiehstrivestopresvereasmuehaspossiblehteoriginalflavorin orderotertaintheofreignnessofhtesuocrelnaguageculuter.domestieation erefsrtotargetlnaguageeulutreorieniedtranslationinwhiehexpressions accpetbaleintgaretlangugaeeuluteraerepxloitedinodrertomakehte artnslatedtextsintelligibleandsuitbaleofrthetargettextreadesr. theerexistseonflietingopinionsonhtechoosingoftwosrtategiesin westnernadchinesetranslationfield.aerpersentativeofoferignization venutiadvocatesagainstrtanslationinodrertodevelopatheoryand practiceofrtanslationtosigniyfthelinguistieandeulutraldireneesofthe ofreigntext.howeverndiaarperesentativeofdomestieationadvocates ufnctionalequivaleneeandlayssertssonreaderresponse.heemphasizes equivalentreaderersponsebetweenhteoriginalandthertanslatedversion.he regardsdomestieationasanindispensbalemeansotavoidlinguistieand eulturalconflietandtomakecfletiveintereulturaleonllnunieationaehievde ifltfaflslation. sevearlafctorsaeffethteehoiceoftwosrtaetgiesrfomlinguistie rtnaslatorsandreaderspointofviewliketypesofsoucretextsgorupsof erdaershipideologyofthetranslatorthetranslatosrintentioncontrasts betweenhtesoucrelanguageculuterandhtetgaretlnagugaeeulutreat macorlevelandeontextprgamatieeonsiderationbasiegeniusofthetarget languageateorlevel.fromeuluterpointofvieweultuarlstatusalsoaeffet thechoieeoftwostrategiesmoreorfeignizationersultsorfmawekaereulture whilemoredomesticationresultsorfmasotfngereuluter. inrtanslationparetieewordsarehtefirstunittobetakeninto eonsideration.culurtallyloadedlexemesaerlodadewithspeeifienational euluter.theyaerdierctorindiercterfleetionofeuluterinhtesurteuterof lexemes.culturallyloadedlexemesarehtemostessentialhtemostimportant andthemostsensitivepartrfomculutarlpesrpeetiveinrtanslation.thethesis catgeorizesofurtpyesoferlationshipbetweenchinesenadenglish eulurtailyloadedlexemes:(1)lexicaleoineidence:bothhteconceputaland assoeiativemeaningsaerhtesame.(2)lexieallythesameeonnotation: dieffrentwaysofexpressionsindieatehetsameconnotation.(3)lexicalgap: theassoeiativemeaningsarevaeantinonelanguageorhtelexeme15unique toonelnaguage.(4)lexiealeonfliet:hteassoeiativemeaningsaredieffrent. aeeordingtohtediflrentrelationshipbetweenslnadtleulutrallyloaded lexemesanapporpriatertanslationpaporaeh15ehoseneautiouslybetween oferignizationanddomestieation. translation15ahardjob.it15inafetaporcessofeultuarldeeodingand encoding.aseulturesaerincerasinglybroughtintogreatercontactwithone anohtermultieulutralconsiderationsareborughttobearaneveineerasing degree.aernotjustdealingwithwodrswritteninaeertaintimeandspaee; mostimportantlyit15theeulturalaspeetofthetexthtatweshouldtkaeinto aecount.50wearecalledontodoacrossculturaltarnslationwhosesueeess willdependonourunderstandingoftheeulturewearewokringwiht.oferignationanddomestieationintrnaslatinoaeorssculurte chapteroneananalysisoftherelationshipbetweenculture andtranslation inthisehapteritanalyzestherelationshipbewteenculutreand rtanslation.itpointsouttheerlativertanslatabiliytofeultureeulutre dieffreneesbetweenhtewestandhteeasteulutralufnetionoftranslationand theeonepetofeulurtalrtnaslation. 1.1relativetranslatabilityofcultuer ittkaesthathteeonepetofisomoprhsandhterelativismprineipleof isomoprhsintorudedebysomeresearhcersreeentlybetterexplainthe 51laritiesnaddiflrencesinmeaningsofwordssuehaseulutarllyloaded lexemesinhtethesis. theeoneeptofisomoprhsoriginatesorfmhtefieldofnaturalseienee. thegeneralpointsofisomoprhsaerasofllowing:allhumanbeingsshaerthe sameobjectiveworidastheirsurvivalenvrionmentnadtheeognitiveobjeet. theyhave51larbiologicalandideologiealofundationliefepxerieneesand soeialactivities.50peoplemaysharesomeknowldegeofhteobjectiveworld andeertainmodesofthinkingspeeifieallyspekaingaeognitivereefrentwill notbealteredinpeoplesndbeeauseitererfstohtesameobjeetiveeoneept htoughpeoplemayusedlfirentlanguages.peoplehavehtesameor51lar materialofundationinspiteofhtedistinctionoflnagugaes.suchanidentity15 presentedasisomoprhsintheperspectiveofeognitivelinguisties.itprovides theehannelofrmessagetransefrringofrpeoplespeakingdiefferntlanguages andservesasthebasiceonditioninwhichpeopleeaneornlunieate.theafet thataword15slcanhaveitseorrespondeneeintlrefleetsthatisomoprhs existintwolanguages.liumiqingillusrtateshteprineipleofisomorphsin bilingualismastheofllowingfigureshows:(1999:100). slconeeputalsystemtlconeeputalsystem refleetionrefleetion expressionsl externalwrid tlexperssion sllinguistie niofnnationsysotm tlunguistic inofrnlaotinsysetm deseriptiondesption translation l1theisomohs theletfpartstatesthesiutationofslwhiletherightpartstatesthatof tl.veandrawatleasthrteepointsorfmtheisomoprhsillusarttion: firstlytheslsiutationandtlsiutationareidentiealinaboradsense. theexternalworld15erfleeetdbyeoneepts.conepetsaerepxerssedby langugaenadhteninofmration15ofrined.theinofrmationultimately describeshteextmealobjeetiveworld. seenodlyhteextmealworideonepeutalsystemandinofrmation systemaerisomoprhssineehteyareliknedbycauseeeffeteonnections. thidrlytheisomoprhschainofsleorrespondstohtatoftl.bothof themhavethesamematerialofundationthat15htexetmealworid.the univesralityandinfiltartionofeultuesrembodytheprincipleofisomoprhs. (biid98107) theillustrationervealstwoaspeetsofhterelativismofisomoprhic principle.firstlyhteexternalworldrefleetedintheslhasbeenproeessed bytheslwriter.theprocessing15otfenmarkedwiththeelementof subjectivitythustheexternalworldandthesldeseriptionofitareofrelativefoerignizationanddomestieationintranslationaeorssculuter isomoprhierelation.that15tosaytheextenralworiddeseribedbysl15 erlativelyrealistie.secondlytheartnslator5understandingofslandthe meaningeontainedinhteslareoferlativeisomoprhierelation.otsumup eihterslortlinevitablyentailsnaelementofsubjeetivityasrefleetionor expressionanddeseriptionmustbeproeessedbyhumanbrain. theerofertheextenralworiddeseribedbyhteslandhtatdescribedbythe tlarenotexaetlythesame.theerwouldbedistinctionsbetweenthesouree eulutrenadtargeteulurte.sueheulutraldifireneesmirroronthelanguage euasingdiflrentmeaningsofwodrssuhcaseulutrallylexemes.inthe ofllowingculuterdiefferneesaerdiseussedbetweenthewestandtheeast. 1.2culturaldireneesbetweenthewstandtheeast thereexistculturaldlfirelleesbetweenthewestandtheeast.inthe ofllowingthedetailswillbediseussed. 1.2.1psyehoolgiealdieffrenees stmeersandchinesepepolehvaedifirentpsyehologyincultuer. forexamplethedifirentmotivesofhtewestnervisitorsanddomestic visitosrerflectthepsyehologiealdiflreneesbetweenhtem.formost domestievisiotrsthemostimportantreasonofrtheirtouring15toadrethe beautiuflseeneyranderlaxthemselves.howeverofrthewestemvisitorsit15 quitedieffrent.theyeometodistantchinanotjustofrthenaturalsceneyr butthemysteriousorientalculture.thelatter15moerimportantcompared withtheofrmer.theyareeuriousbaoutthechineseeulturesuehasthe eustomsliefstyleshistoryoftheaeraete.50whenweadvertiseofrthe scenicspottothewesetnrersweshouldbeawaerofthepsyehological diefferneesbetweenthewestenrersandtheeastenrersthat15tosaythe dieffrenttasteofthetouristswshouldhavediefferntemphasisorofeusin odrertosatisyftheneedofdiflrenttourists. 1.2.2dllrentethicsandlues asweknowwestemersandchinesesharemanymoarlstandardsor conductprinciplesbutnotalways.forexampleananeientchinesewoman waserquierdtoabidebythethreeobedienceandhteofurvlrtues.that15to obeyherafhterbeofermaage;toobeyherhusbandduringmarriedliefand hersoninwidowho