2019电视广播大学开放教育开放英语3英语作文必备参考必考重点【开放英语3考试中经常出现16个作.doc

My family 我的家庭 I love my family and my parents. I look like my mother but I take after my father. Now we are living a happy life together. We live in a beautiful flat in a newly- built neighbourhood. My father used to be a senior engineer in a factory. He worked hard and he is very serious about everything. My mother was a nurse. She is busy with her work and takes care of my family at the same time. Now my parents are both retired. They give me a lot of and support in my work and study. With the help of my family. I will try my best to improve myself. I want my parents happy and health.My family life 我的家庭生活 I have a happy family. There are three people in my family. They are my wife, my daughter and I. We shared a 2- bedroom flat with each other.My wife is a clerk in an office. My daughter is five years old. Every morning after breakfast, I take my wife to her office and my daughter to her nursury . Then I drive to my company to start work. Its my duty to pick up my daughter in the afternoon. My wife is good at cooking. She often prepares some delicious food for us. Sometimes I do some grocery shopping for her. In the evening we usually watch T V. We often go to the parks or cinema at weekends.My Home 我的家 My home is a newly-built flat in a block of flats in the north of the city.It is a tower building. There are four lifts in the building, so we feel very convenient to go out and come in. We have four rooms in addition to the kitchen and bathroom. The first room is the living room, It is for us having meals, relaxing, watching T Vand so on. The second room is my daughters bedroom. The third room belongs to my wife and I. The forth room is a study. We can read books there. My home seems quite spacious and comfortable. Im satisfied with it. I think my home is cozy and I like my home.My Favorite Transportation Means 我最喜欢的交通方式 Everybody has his favourite transportation means. For me I like cycling most. I think I can benefit a lot from it. First , cycling is a good exercise. I become stronger and healthier by cycling everyday. Second Its a convenient means of transportation. Its cheap and has no trouble of traffic jam. Third its clean and will not cause air pollution. In a word, cycling to work or for fun in my spare time can help me to maintain a mental and physical balance.Changes in my life 我生活的变化 With the development of economy in our country, there have been many changes in my life. Im better off now and living a happy life. There are all finds of food for me to eat. I can choose whatever I like instead of preserved pickles. I have moved from a cramped and gloomy room to a big and bright flay. My flat is beautiful and comfortable. I feel pleased and relaxed whenever I go home. I like getting around to see some beautiful places, to breath fresh air in the nature. Its good for both my body and mind. Im sure my life will be better and better in the future.My Ideal Job 理想与工作 Everybody has his dream for his career in the future such as a teacher,a doctor, a lawyer a scientist, an actor and so on. My ideal job is in business. The idea came into being when I was a child. With the development of market economy, there are many good chances in business. It is in great demand. I have a good eye for detail and sharp mind. I like taking responsibility.Im planning to open a small company. Now I must study and work hardTo improve myself. Im sure my dream will certainly come true in the future.My Hobbies （Raising Flowers) 我的业余爱好 (种花） Everybody has his favourite hobbies. For me I like raising flowers in my spare time. I think I can benefit a lot from it. First, the flowers make my home more beautiful. I like their sweet smell and rich color. Whenever I look at the flowers I feel pleased and relaxed. Second, raising flowers is good for my health. I have to do some physical labour such as watering, digging and so on. Raising flowers can help me to maintain a mental and physical balance.My Favourite Sport 我最喜欢的体育活动 When I was young I learnt how to swim in a summer holiday. From then on, I have kept swimming when Im free. I think there are many advantages for us to swim. It can lose my weight and be graceful in form. It is good for keeping fit and refreshing. I like swimming especially in summer because it is very hot in Chongqing. When I jump into water. I feel cool and relaxed. Swimming is an easy and popular sport. There are many small swimming pools spotted among the residential areas now. I can go swimming whenever as I like.Health and Eating Habit 健康与饮食习惯 Its very important for us to have a reasonable and scientific eating habit because eating habit is closely related to our health. We should pay attention to not only what we eat but also how to eat. First, its bad to eat too much fat and some junk food. These things make us overweight and cause some illness. Its a good idea to eat more fresh vegetables and fruits. Second, dont eat much food at a meal. Its better to eat all kinds of food to keep a balance diet. At last, we should use suitable cooking method to keep nutrition in the food and increase our appetite.How to Keep Healthy 怎样保持健康 More and more people are getting to know the importance of keep health. First its necessary to keep a balance diet. We had better eat more vegetables and fruits as well as fish, egg and milk so as to get enough protein and vitamin. Second, its important to do regular exercises. There are many easy and useful sports for us to do such as going for a walk, jogging, swimming, dancing and so on. Third, its essential to keep high mood. We should make every effort to renew our spirits and release our stress. In this way, we are bound to keep healthy.High School Life and College Life 高中与大学生活 Its quite difference from high school life and college life. In high school life the students usually follow the teachers to learn. They have to many exercises or homework everyday. They are busy with studies. While in college life, they dont have to do so much homework as high school. They have more time to arrange by themselves and have more chance to think independently. This is good for them to develop their skills and abilities. Whether high school or college life, I think they are different stages in our life. What we should do is to try our best to get better result and learn much knowledge for our future career.My T V University Life 我的大学生活 Im studing at Chongqing T V University now. Im engaged in long distance education. Its a new way for me to study. I take web-based courses, join on-line discussion forums, send my homework to the tutor ,solve the difficulties and puzzles in tutorial. I go to class in the evenings or at weekends. Although Im busy with my work, I try my best to study well. I make full use of my spare time to learn more knowledge because I want to improve myself. As long as I study hard, Ill certainly make progress.Living In A Big City 在大城市生活 City life is attractive with all its advantages and conveniences, so more and more people want to live in cities nowadays. City life is more exciting than country life. There are many cinemas, theatres, parks, coffee bars as well as supermarkets or shopping malls. People often dine out in the restaurants. The expansion of the city becomes very fast because so many people are flowing into the cities. This trend has caused some problems such as traffic jam and pollution. Therefore living in a big city has both advantages and disadvantages.Help For Elderly People 帮助老年人 China has stepped into an aging society these years. How to take care of this group of people has become an important social problem. According to traditional Chinese moral values, elderly people usually live with their children. However the difficult is that the family plan has been carrying out for many years. That means one couple have to look after four elderly people. Its a big burden for them. Therefore our government and society should establish a multi-level old-age insurance system and take all kinds of measures to make the elderly people live a happy and healthy life in their old age.My English Study 我的英语学习 English is becoming more and more important in our work and life because it is widely used in the world. So a lot of people are trying their best to learn English well. However, I met many difficulties in learning it. There are too many grammar rules to remember. Its not easy for us to spell, read and speak correctly. Listening is also a problem. In spite of these difficulties, I think I must not give it up. I should do my best to keep practising as much as possible. In this way, Im sure Ill learn English well.My Favorite TV Program 我最喜欢的电视节目 There are all kinds of programmes on TV everyday to meet different needs and tastes. The News Report program has always been my favoriteTV program. The News Report contains a large amount of information ranging from the international political situation to the latest football games. It is the fast pace that the news programmes can contain much information in a short time. In my opinion, the News Report is more than a TV program. It is a way of communication. From this program, people can what is happening in the world. Watching the News Report program has become a part of my daily life.请您删除一下内容，O(_)O谢谢！2016年中央电大期末复习考试小抄大全，电大期末考试必备小抄，电大考试必过小抄Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter released from nerve endings (terminals) in both the peripheral and the central nervous systems. It is synthesized within the nerve terminal from choline, taken up from the tissue fluid into the nerve ending by a specialized transport mechanism. The enzyme necessary for this synthesis is formed in the nerve cell body and passes down the axon to its end, carried in the axoplasmic flow, the slow movement of intracellular substance (cytoplasm). Acetylcholine is stored in the nerve terminal, sequestered in small vesicles awaiting release. When a nerve action potential reaches and invades the nerve terminal, a shower of acetylcholine vesicles is released into the junction (synapse) between the nerve terminal and the effector cell which the nerve activates. This may be another nerve cell or a muscle or gland cell. Thus electrical signals are converted to chemical signals, allowing messages to be passed between nerve cells or between nerve cells and non-nerve cells. This process is termed chemical neurotransmission and was first demonstrated, for nerves to the heart, by the German pharmacologist Loewi in 1921. Chemical transmission involving acetylcholine is known as cholinergic. Acetylcholine acts as a transmitter between motor nerves and the fibres of skeletal muscle at all neuromuscular junctions. At this type of synapse, the nerve terminal is closely apposed to the cell membrane of a muscle fibre at the so-called motor end plate. On release, acetylcholine acts almost instantly, to cause a sequence of chemical and physical events (starting with depolarization of the motor endplate) which cause contraction of the muscle fibre. This is exactly what is required for voluntary muscles in which a rapid response to a command is required. The action of acetylcholine is terminated rapidly, in around 10 milliseconds; an enzyme (cholinesterase) breaks the transmitter down into choline and an acetate ion. The choline is then available for re-uptake into the nerve terminal. These same principles apply to cholinergic transmission at sites other than neuromuscular junctions, although the structure of the synapses differs. In the autonomic nervous system these include nerve-to-nerve synapses at the relay stations (ganglia) in both the sympathetic and the parasympathetic divisions, and the endings of parasympathetic nerve fibres on non-voluntary (smooth) muscle, the heart, and glandular cells; in response to activation of this nerve supply, smooth muscle contracts (notably in the gut), the frequency of heart beat is slowed, and glands secrete. Acetylcholine is also an important transmitter at many sites in the brain at nerve-to-nerve synapses. To understand how acetylcholine brings about a variety of effects in different cells it is necessary to understand membrane receptors. In post-synaptic membranes (those of the cells on which the nerve fibres terminate) there are many different sorts of receptors and some are receptors for acetylcholine. These are protein molecules that react specifically with acetylcholine in a reversible fashion. It is the complex of receptor combined with acetylcholine which brings about a biophysical reaction, resulting in the response from the receptive cell. Two major types of acetylcholine receptors exist in the membranes of cells. The type in skeletal muscle is known as nicotinic; in glands, smooth muscle, and the heart they are muscarinic; and there are some of each type in the brain. These terms are used because nicotine mimics the action of acetylcholine at nicotinic receptors, whereas muscarine, an alkaloid from the mushroom Amanita muscaria, mimics the action of acetylcholine at the muscarinic receptors. Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter produced by neurons referred to as cholinergic neurons. In the peripheral nervous system acetylcholine plays a role in skeletal muscle movement, as well as in the regulation of smooth muscle and cardiac muscle. In the central nervous system acetylcholine is believed to be involved in learning, memory, and mood. Acetylcholine is synthesized from choline and acetyl coenzyme A through the action of the enzyme choline acetyltransferase and becomes packaged into membrane-boundvesicles. After the arrival of a nerve signal at the termination of an axon, the vesicles fuse with the cell membrane, causing the release of acetylcholine into thesynaptic cleft. For the nerve signal to continue, acetylcholine must diffuse to another nearby neuron or muscle cell, where it will bind and activate areceptorprotein. There are two main types of cholinergic receptors, nicotinic and muscarinic. Nicotinic receptors are located at synapses between two neurons and at synapses between neurons and skeletal muscle cells. Upon activation a nicotinic receptor acts as a channel for the movement of ions into and out of the neuron, directly resulting indepolarizationof the neuron. Muscarinic receptors, located at the synapses of nerves with smooth or cardiac muscle, trigger a chain of chemical events referred to as signal transduction. For a cholinergic neuron to receive another impulse, acetylcholine must be released from the receptor to which it has bound. This will only happen if the concentration of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft is very low. Low synaptic concentrations of acetylcholine can be maintained via a hydrolysis reaction catalyzed by the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. This enzyme hydrolyzes acetylcholine into acetic acid and choline. If acetylcholinesterase activity is inhibited, the synaptic concentration of acetylcholine will remain higher than normal. If this inhibition is irreversible, as in the case of exposure to many nerve gases and some pesticides, sweating, bronchial constriction, convulsions, paralysis, and possibly death can occur. Although irreversible inhibition is dangerous, beneficial effects may be derived from transient (reversible) inhibition. Drugs that inhibit acetylcholinesterase in a reversible manner have been shown to improve memory in some people with Alzheimers disease. abstract expressionism, movement of abstract painting that emerged in New York City during the mid-1940s and attained singular prominence in American art in the following decade; also called action painting and the New York school. It was the first important school in American painting to declare its independence from European styles and to influence the development of art abroad. Arshile Gorky first gave impetus to the movement. His paintings, derived at first from the art of Picasso, Mir, and surrealism, became more personally expressive. Jackson Pollocks turbulent yet elegant abstract paintings, which were created by spattering paint on huge canvases placed on the floor, brought abstract expressionism before a hostile public. Willem de Koonings first one-man show in 1948 established him as a highly influential artist. His intensely complicated abstract paintings of the 1940s were followed by images of Woman, grotesque versions of buxom womanhood, which were virtually unparalleled in the sustained savagery of their execution. Painters such as Philip Guston and Franz Kline turned to the abstract late in the 1940s and soon developed strikingly original stylesthe former, lyrical and evocative, the latter, forceful and boldly dramatic. Other important artists involved with the movement included Hans Hofmann, Robert Motherwell, and Mark Rothko; among other major abstract expressionists were such painters as Clyfford Still, Theodoros Stamos, Adolph Gottlieb, Helen Frankenthaler, Lee Krasner, and Esteban Vicente. Abstract expressionism presented a broad range of stylistic diversity within its largely, though not exclusively, nonrepresentational framework. For example, the expressive violence and activity in paintings by de Kooning or Pollock marked the opposite end of the pole from the simple, quiescent images of Mark Rothko. Basic to most abstract expressionist painting were the attention paid to surface qualities, i.e., qualities of brushstroke and texture; the use of huge canvases; the adoption of an approach to space in which all parts of the canvas played an equally vital role in the total work; the harnessing of accidents that occurred during the process of painting; the glorification of the act of painting itself as a means of visual communication; and the attempt to transfer p