英语中 谓语就近原则.docx

英语中 谓语就近原则、就前原则(主谓一致)1. Tom,aswellashis brothers likes the board-skating.as well as句子中，as well as前面的名词被强调，所以谓语应该跟前面的名次一致。所以tomas well as his brotherslikesthe board-skating.2. 同样的道理， not only, but also.不仅，而且。很明显时强调而且之后的名词，所以谓语应该跟not only之后的名词相联系，即所谓的就近原则。not only toms brothers but also tom likes playing football.3.相似的待思考，如either or, neither,=As well asthe normal supplies of salted meat cheese, plain biscuits and beer, he took live sheep , pigs and chickens .aswellas除了。以外， 不但。 而且（not only.but also)例如：We shall travel by nightaswellasby day.=we shall travel not only by night but also by day.要注意当aswellas连接两个并列的主语时， 句子的谓语动词应和aswellas前面的主语一致。例如：Tom,aswellashis brothers likes the board-skating. He ,aswellasI is a League member.=主谓一致英语中谓语动词在人称和数上必须同主语保持一致，叫主谓一致，具体情况如下：1大多数的以 - (e)s 结尾的名词表示复数意义，但 means，news，goods，works 通常表示单数意义，不过，这几个词中个别名词在具体的语境中也可以表示复数意义。判断的方法是：若这些词前有 a，such a，this，that，each，every 修饰时，谓语用单数。means，no means，the means 等前没有上述修饰语时，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数。Every means has been triedAll possible means have been tried2由成双(对)部分组成的衣服或物品的名词名称，如 trousers，glasses等，通常用作复数。但若其前有表示单位的 pair，piece 等量词时，则谓语的单复数由这些量词的单复数决定。His trousers have worn outThe pair of trousers has worn out.3专有名词及书名，通常只做单数用。The Selected Poems of Li Bai was published long agoThe United Nations was set up in 19454family，team，party，class，public，club，crew，crowd，group，enemy，audience，committee，company 等词作为一个整体看时，表示单数意义，他们的复数形式须根据具体情况添加复数后缀 - (e)s。若就其中一个个成员来看时，则表示复数形式。集合名词作主语时，动词的数要与主语表示的概念一致，不与主语的形式一致。My family is activeMy family are early risers.The two families live in Beijing5people，cattle，police 等只能表示复数意义，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。The police have caught the murderer6population 作主语时，通常看作单数，若 population 前有分数、百分数修饰时，则句子谓语通常用复数。The population in China is very large，and eighty percent of the population in China are farmers7单复数同形的名词，如：sheep，deer 等作主语时，应根据主语的单复数意义确定谓语动词的形式。A deer is over thereSome deer are over there8表示度量、距离、金额、时间等数量的名词(词组)作主语时，通常看作单数。Twenty years has passed9分数，量词，数学算式通常看作单数。但若强调数量时，也可看作复数，尤其是对于加法和乘法算式。在对加、减、乘、除的得数提问时，若用how much，则谓语动词多用单数，若用 how many 提问，则谓语动词多用复数。Twenty divided by four is five二十除以四得五。Four plus (and) three isare seven四加三等于七。How much is ten divided by five? 十除以五得多少？How many are four times two? 四乘二得多少？10由分数，百分数 + of + 名词或 somea lot oflots ofplenty ofa large quantity ofthe rest ofhalf ofpart of + 名词构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词的数由短语中名词的数决定。The rest of meat goes badThe rest of workers are still very tired11a number of，many，a few 只能修饰可数名词的复数形式，它们的谓语动词用复数。a little，much，a great deal of，a large amount of 只能修饰不可数名词，其谓语动词用单数形式。A number of scientists are invited to the partyA great deal of petrol is wasted12the number of + 可数名词的复数形式，the amount of + 不可数名词，the quantity of + 可数名词的复数形式或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。这是因为主语的中心词分别是 number，amount，quantity。The number of students in Class 9 is 10513more than + 名词词组作主语时，谓语动词的数要与名词词组中心词的数一致。more + 复数名词 + than one 作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。More than two hundred people have turned upMore than one person has voted against himMore persons than one have voted against him14many a + 单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Many a student has made that mistake(比较：Many students have made that mistake)15one and a half + 名词复数形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数。One and a half apples is left on the table16this kind of + 复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数，复数名词 + of this kind 作主语时，谓语动词用复数。This kind of animals is dangerousAnimals of this kind are dangerous17由 and，both.and.连接的并列主语通常表示复数意义，谓语动词应用复数。但当并列主语指的是同一个人(如事物或概念)时，谓语动词应用单数形式。判别二者的方法通常要看 and 后的名词前是否有冠词。The writer and the poet are here(作家和诗人)The writer and poet is here(作家兼诗人)18关联连词 not.but., not only.but also., or，either.or, neither. nor.等连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数与它紧邻的主语一致。Not only the boys but (also) the father was to blame19主语后面跟有 as well as，along with，with，together with，except，besides，including，followed by 等引导的词组时，谓语动词的单、复数根据主语的单、复数而定。The girl as well as boys has learned to use computers20each.and each., every.and every.连接的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Each man and each woman is asked to help21不定代词 either，neither，all, none, each, the other, another, such, the same 以及所有的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词习惯上用单数。但none 可看作复数，有时也可看作单数。Everyone is here；no one is absent22关系代词 who，that，which 等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与先行词的数保持一致。He is one of students who want to learn how to use the computer(先行词是 students)He is the only one of students who wants to learn how to use the computer(先行词是 one)23the + 形容词通常表示一类人，看作复数；但在具体语境中也可表示一个人。The wounded were treated wellThe wounded (soldier) was taken away by a little peasant boy24名词性从句作主