中考英语作文经典指导.ppt

English writing 一 、英语写作的重要性及初中生写作现状 （一）英语写作的重要性 1. 写作是中考乃至高考的必考题型，且所占 比重较大，同时也是拉开考生距离的关键题型。 2. 随着我国对对外经济经济 、文化、教育等方面交 往的日益频频繁，英语语写作也成为为雅思、GRE、 TOFEL等诸诸多考试试以及职场应职场应 聘的必考内容之 一。 一 、英语写作的重要性及初中生写作现状 （二）初中生写作现状 审题不清，抓不住要点，东拉西扯；1) 单词拼写错误；2) frist ,belive, ture, buzy, quite 若写的事情太过于虚幻，没有实际内容，也会扣1-2分 。 2.字数：少于80字的作文要酌情扣分。 中考英语作文要求80字以上，标点符号不算，少了就要扣分。但是80 字的作文能不能得高分?从我们拿到的实例作文来看，16分以上的作 文，没有少于85字的，甚至少于80字的也少之又少。当然，也极少有 超过95字的，因为中考试卷的短线格一共80个，在格子下面大约还有 2行的空间，可以加20字左右，再多阅卷人就很难看清了，也会影响 卷面的美观。所以，如果想让作文得到高分，最好是让字数在80-90 字之间。 3. 语法和拼写错误：每个扣0.5，重复错误不计; 4. 标点错误：每4个扣0.5. （二）加分点 根据学生使用复杂句型、单词和谚语、俗语的情况来加分。 只要文章中有1个亮点，基本就可以争取到1分。而这1分的亮点，是 可以提前准备的。例如，有一些“万金油”式的复杂句型，例如强调句 型、only相关的倒装句等，只要同学们多操练几次，几乎是一定能用 到作文当中，从而为自己争取到这1分。 其次就是卷面分。虽然在阅卷标准里面并没有卷面分这一项，但是这 个分数却真切地反映在了同学们的分数里面。 据阅卷老师的经验，在阅卷的时候并不是按这3个部分逐项打分的， 而是在第一遍读完全文之后，心里已经形成了一个“印象分”，然后再 细读第二、三遍，把印象分分配到各个打分部分。因此，这个“印象 分”就非常重要，而同学们的书法，也正是在这个环节，影响到了自 己的分数。所以如果书法不好，一定要注意。所谓的书法并不需要写 的很漂亮，符合3个简单的标准即可：没有斜体、没有连笔、涂改较 少。 如何逐步培养和 提升英语写作能力？ 写作能力的引导 词汇短语 句子 篇章 ,词汇是学生用英语表达思想 同时也是写作的基础和源泉。 词汇短语 1. 词汇的巧妙记忆巧妙记忆。 （childrenren; belielieve) 的听默写。课标词汇、短语课标词汇、短语加强中考 2. 3. 鼓励学生（尤其是优等生）坚持课外阅读，并用“ “ 积累积累” ”本本收集高频词汇、短语、佳句，加强记忆。 ”攻关秘笈“词汇短语 的词汇。”高端“使用4. =endless/oceans of Playing too much computer is bad for our study. =gets in the way of = have a bad influence on Eg: I am very interested in pop music. I have lots of homework to do every day. = show/take great interest in 完整、准确、完整、准确、词不离句， 的句式表达是一篇好新颖、丰富新颖、丰富 文章的必备条件。 句子 基本句式。”五大“帮助学生掌握认清1. 背、听写、朗读的必备佳句必备佳句加强中考相关话题2. 。句子翻译以及课外佳句的积累、诵、仿写 的句式变换中不断积攒实战”多样“让学生在3. 经验。 有效的句式学习 3. “多样”的句式变换 句子 ）合并为简单为简单 句；1 Eg: My brother helped me in maths. I made great progress. I made great progress in maths with the help of my brother . ）学会使用感叹叹句；2 It is necessary to help others. to help others. How necessary it is 善用复合句；3) a. We need to help people. The people are in trouble. in trouble. who are We need to help the people b. We know that more and more students like pop songs. , more and more students like pop songs.As we all know ）巧妙使用强调调句；4 We can achieve our dreams by working hard. achieve ourcan we, Only by working hard dreams. 积积累丰富的谚语谚语5) 英语谚语短小精悍，简洁明快，韵律优美，寓意深刻，在写作中适当引用谚语能 增强文章的说服力和感染力。 As the saying goes, “ .” 1) 锻炼对学生有好处 As the saying goes, “All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.” It is good for us students to take exercise. 2) 集中注意力于学习 As the saying goes, “No pains, no gains.” We should concentrate our mind on our studies. 其他谚语: 1.Think twice before you do. 2.Practice makes perfect. 3.Where there is a will, there is a way. 4.Failure is the mother of success. 5.An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 6.All roads lead to Rome. 7. Every coin has two sides. 词不离句，句不离篇。 能够灵活自如地运用所学的词汇、短语、句型 谋篇布局写出精彩的文段是写作的最终目的,、语法 。 篇章 遣词“如何运用已有的 能力在写作实践”造句 ”谋篇布局“中学会 “战无不胜” 呢？ 认真审题，找出文章要表达的中心。 一般作文包括一定数量的内容点，漏写某一 点则要被扣掉23分，因此审题要细心观察 ，特别是在做看图作文题时，要注意某些夸 张“画点”，它（们）常是暗示应当写出的内 容点。画面内容较多时，不要事无巨细，全 面开花，应当仅仅围绕主题。恰当取舍，做 到详略得当。 写作第一步 审审 用简单的句子或短语列出文章要 点。 列 写作第二步 加 加首尾，使结构完整。 可以采取总分总结构或者总分结构 ，开头或结尾的句子应注意简洁， 漂亮。 写作第三步： 连 恰当运用关联词句，使得文章层次清 晰，各个部分衔接自然。 写作第四步： 1.表示并列或递进: and, as well as, bothand, not onlybut also, neithernor; 2.表示选择: or, eitheror; 3.表示转折: but, however, although, though, after all, 4.表示因果: because, so, therefore 5.表示条件: if , unless 6.表示对比: instead, notbut, on the one handon the other hand; 7.表示解释: for example, for instance, such as, that is to say, in other words; 8.表示顺序: to begin with, firstly, first (of all), second(ly), next, later, since then, from then on, finally, in the end; 9.表示强调: also, besides, whats more, actually, in fact, 10.表示结论: all in all, altogether, in a word, generally speaking, 关联词关联词 美 选好词句，美化文章。在有把握的情 况下展示自己的语言功底。 写作第五步： 1) 审题。体裁、时态、人称、主题以及词数等要素； 2) 抓要点，拟提纲。分析内容，明确要点。用 “头脑风暴 ”或竞赛法列出与写作要点相关的词汇、短语或句子。 然后选择材料，完成详细提纲； 3)初步写作。连词成句，连句成文； 4)巧用连接词，添加过渡，确保文章连贯流畅； 5) 查错改错评价。对照中考作文评分标准、作文要点及常 见错误列表对初稿进行修改评价，然后撰抄。 写作五步法的具体操作写作五步法的具体操作 英语写作中用好“四心” 1.精心审题，沉着写稿 2.耐心修改，提炼句子 3.细心检查, 消灭错误 4.虚心抄写，一丝不苟。 英语写作中流行的十句作文法是由专家总结 一种高分作文方法，考生在经过短期训练之后 便可较大程度地提高作文成绩。需要指出的是 ：所谓十句作文并非一定是10句，很多考生的 高分作文的句子数量都在8至10句之间（以句子 长短和结构不同而变化）。如按每个句子平均 812个单词计算，用710个句子便能完成一篇 要求在80词左右的作文。其基本模式为： 第二段 （正文） 主题句 扩展句 （要视内容而决定扩 展句 的多少） 扩展句 扩展句 扩展句 扩展句 扩展句 第三段（结尾） 第一段（开头） 主题句 扩展句 结尾句 第一段为开头，包括两句。第一句为主题句 ，提出问题并通过问题点明全文主体；第二句 为扩展句，进一步说明和支持主题句。另外， 也可将两句顺序倒过来，由第一句说明情况， 第二句提出问题。 第二段为正文，共七句。第一句为主题句， 提出本段的主体，它应与第一段的主体相一致 。第二句至第七句为扩展句，说明和支持本段 的主体。句与句之间要注意运用好过渡词，以 使行文流畅。 第三段为结尾，简化为一句，是对全文的总 结，并说明作者自己的观点。 三段之间的衔接要灵活运用“启、承、转、 合”的过渡手段。 根据下面表格所提供的信息，写一则通知，告诉你的同学 关于你们郊游的计划。 时间时间星期日（月日） 地点人民公园 交通工具坐公共汽车车前往 出发时间发时间早上： 到达公园时时 间间 早上： 活动动安排上午：划船；游泳；在饭馆饭馆 吃午餐 下午：英语语角活动动（English corner activities）；照相 返回时间时间下午： 要求：、词数：个词左右；题目及文章的 开头已给出，但不算在词数内。 、表格中所列内容必须都用上，可适当增 加细节，使行文连贯。 、不要使用真实姓名及所在学校名称， 否则答案作废。 Notice Good morning, everyone! Ill tell you a piece of good news. We are planning an outing. _ Good morning, everyone! Now Ill tell you a piece of good news.(主题句) We are planning an outing. (主题句) We are going to the Peoples Park by bus on July 10th, Sunday. (扩展句) Well leave at 7:00 a.m. at the school gate and arrive there at 8:30 a.m. in the morning. (扩展句) Then you can go boating and swimming. (扩展句) Lets have lunch in a restaurant and join the English corner in the afternoon. (扩展句) If you would like to take photos, youd better take a camera. (扩展句) The time to return is 4:30 p.m (扩展句) Please get ready for the outing. (扩 展句) Wish all of us have a good time. (结尾句) 点评： 本文是仿照十句作文法而写的一篇优 秀考场作文。文章围绕“Notice”这一主题 展开，把表格所提供的信息陈述清楚，要 点齐全。文章中语句简练，语句变化多样 ，有简单句、并列句和复合句，也用上了 祈使句，过渡自然，结尾表明作者自己对 这次郊游活动的祝愿，增强了感染力。 你叫林海（英文名叫Joe），你的朋友John发给你的 电子邮件中提到了关于学校准备开办英语学习班的消 息，你对此事很感兴趣，请给John回一封邮件，询问 有关英语学习班的详情。邮件的要点如下： 1对英语学习班很感兴趣。 2希望可以练习英语，结识朋友。 3问英语学习班的上课时间、地点、内容以及费用 。 注意： 1邮件要通顺、连贯。 2词数80左右，邮件的开头和结尾已为你写好，但 不计人总词数。 3不能在答卷上透露个人的任何信息（例如具体的 学校和姓名等），否则答案作废。 Dear John, Thanks very much for the information about the English evening class.(主题句) It sounds very interesting to me. (扩展句) You know I want to practise my English and make some new friends. (扩 展句) I think this English evening class will be helpful to me. (扩展句) Could you please tell me a little more about the class? (扩展句) When does it begin and how much does it cost? (扩展句) Where will the class be held? (扩展句) Also, do you have any more information about what we will do in class? (扩展句) Im looking forward to hearing from you as soon as possible. (结尾句) Yours Joe 中考的“书面表达”，其实就是要求考生 根据提供的情景写几句话。目前，提供情 境的方式也就是文字说明和图画两种。我 们考生的任务就是根据情境，把考题要求 用几个意思连贯的句子表达出来。 一、掌握哪些基本句型？ 英语句子看上去纷繁复杂，但仔细观 察不外乎五个基本句型。这五个基本句型 可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之 ，绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句 型生成的。熟悉并掌握这五个基本句型并 掌握它的变式，再根据需要加上适当的定 语或状语，我们写出的句子不仅可以表情 达意，而且还会符合语言规范，生动活泼 。例如： 1. We eat.（主语谓语） 2. He was a tall thin man.（主语系动词 表语） 3. I have bought some chocolate for you. （主语谓语宾语） 4. Mr Huang taught us English.（主语 谓语间接宾语直接宾语） 5. He could make his lessons lively and interesting.（主语谓语宾语宾语补足语 ） 这些都是我们非常熟悉的常见简单句 。仔细分析一下，我们不难得出相应的5种 主要句型。 1. S十V “主语谓语”结构 2. S十V十P “主语系动词表语”结构 3. S十V十O “主语谓语宾语”结构 4. S十V十O1十O2 “主语谓语双宾语” 结构 5. S十V十O十C “主语谓语宾语宾 语补足语”结构 Good morning, everyone! Now Ill tell you a piece of good news.(主题句) We are planning an outing. (主题句) We are going to the Peoples Park by bus on July 10th, Sunday. (扩展句) Well leave at 7:00 a.m. at the school gate and arrive there at 8:30 a.m. in the morning. (扩展句) Then you can go boating and swimming. (扩展句) Lets have lunch in a restaurant and join the English corner in the afternoon. (扩展句) If you would like to take photos, youd better take a camera. (扩展句) The time to return is 4:30 p.m (扩展句) Please get ready for the outing. (扩 展句) Wish all of us have a good time. (结尾句) Dear John, Thanks very much for the information about the English evening class.(主题句) It sounds very interesting to me. (扩展句) You know I want to practise my English and make some new friends. (扩 展句) I think this English evening class will be helpful to me. (扩展句) Could you please tell me a little more about the class? (扩展句) When does it begin and how much does it cost? (扩展句) Where will the class be held? (扩展句) Also, do you have any more information about what we will do in class? (扩展句) Im looking forward to hearing from you as soon as possible. (结尾句) Yours Joe 掌握了这 5 种基本句型就能基本满足 我们在日常生活中的交际要求，陈述句、 疑问句、感叹句、被动语态、强调结构、 it 作引导词或形式主语的结构等等也都是 由他们演变而来。如果掌握得熟练，对中 考书面表达的要求就能应付自如。 二、运用5种基本句型应注意什么？ 句型1、 S 十 V （主语谓语） 在这种句型中，除了谓语动词是不及 物动词外，我们要注意掌握这个句型的变 式：有时有附加成分，有时没有附加成分 。有时还需要倒装，有时还要用it作形式主 语。在口笔头表达时，我们要根据要求， 灵活使用。如： The sun was shining. （没有附加成分） He was running fast.（有附加成分） He went away. （有附加成分） We stood still in a line.（有附加成分） We went running to meet the guests. （有附加成分） We walked (for) five miles. （有附加成分） We waited (for) half an hour. We live in Jinhua. （有附加成分） We are going to meet at the school gate. （ 有附加成分） Here comes the bus.（倒装） 句型2. S十V十P “主语系动词表语” 在这个句型结构中，联系动词是不能独 立作谓语的，它必须和表语一起使用，用来 说明主语的身份、特征、性质、情绪和状态 等。使用这个句型，一是要注意联系动词V ，二是要注意表语的多样性。 联系动词（V），除BE动词外，还有不 少动词可以作为联系动词用。以下几类动词 均可作为联系动词使用： 1. seem, appear 等表示“似乎”、“好像”等意思 的动词； 2. look, taste, smell, sound, feel等表示五官感 觉的动词； 3. remain, keep等表示“维持，保持”等意思的 动词； 4. become, grow, turn, get, go, come, run, fall等表示“变化、发展”等意思的动词； 5. 一些固定搭配。如：marry young / old, make sure / certain, sit straight / still, blow open等。 所谓表语的多样性，意思是这些动词 后的作表语词类和结构等形式是多种多样 的。现结合联系动词举例说明。 The talk was over. The boys were about the same age. It is time to go to the park with my classmates. It is very nice (for me) to sit / sitting here with you. It seemed (to me) that everyone was really interested in the trip. The baby seemed to be asleep. You sound surprised. How did they become friends? He kept quiet. The river has run dry. The meat has gone bad. The leaves are turning brown. One of the tigers broke loose. She married old. 句型3. S十V十O “主语谓语宾语” 首先，我们必须明白，这里的V与前面两 个句型中的V不同，它是个及物动词，必须 带宾语O；最重要的是这个句型中的谓语动 词，它对后面的宾语有一些特殊的要求。 1谓语后面直接用名词或代词作宾语。如： We answered the foreign guests many questions in English. Our class visited a factory last Sunday. The American guests have blue eyes. 2. 谓语动词要求动词不定式作宾语。 我们学过的这些动词有：continue, decide, hope, learn, plan, want, agree, promise, trouble, start, begin, would like, wish等等。如： He wanted to have a rest. We agreed to have a talk about it. Would you like to have a look around our city? 3. 谓语动词要求用动名词作宾语。如： continue, hate, love, start, begin, enjoy, like, dislike, preferto, 以及need, want作实意 动词表示“需要”，后面跟动名词。如： I love eating apples. She lives listening to light music. They started learning English three years ago. My bike needs mending. 4谓语动词后面既可以用不定式，也可以 用动名词作宾语。如：like, begin, start, love, hate 等等。如： She likes swimming. He began talking about his country. I love walking to schools. 但是，如果begin, start 后面的是正在 进行的动作，一般用动词不定式作宾语。 如：It began to rain. 有些动词后面可以跟动名词，也可以跟 不定式，但是意思不同，有的在语法上已 经不是宾语。如：remember, forget, stop等 。 请比较： Please remember to wake me up at six in the morning. I remembered meeting him before. He forgot to bring an umbrella with him. He forgot returning the book to the library. We were tired so we stopped to have a rest at the foot of the hill. I stopped having a look at the beautiful garden. 5. 有时，根据表达需要，谓语动词后面要 跟“疑问代词动词不定式”或从句作宾语 。如：ask, know, see, tell, decide, think, learn等等。 I dont know who to go to for advice (who I should go). You must learn when to give advice and when to be silent (when you should ) . I will ask / find out when the train leaves. I think that he is our new teacher. 句型4. S十V十O1十O2 “主语谓语双宾语” 英语中有的动词要跟双宾语，一个是直 接宾语，一个是间接宾语。这个句型中，双 宾语同样是由谓语动词决定的。跟双宾语的 动词有：give, show, send, bring, read, pass, leave, hand, tell, return, write, pay, throw, allow, wish, teach以及make,buy, do, get, play, save, sing, find等两大类。后面的宾语 可以是名词或代词，也可以是从句。间接宾 语有时可以改写城一个由to或for引导的短语 ，意思不变。 He told us that the road was wet. Have they paid you the money? I will read you the letter. Could you lend me your computer? We give the classroom a good cleaning very weekend. Will you give me a hand? He passed the dictionary to me. My mother bought a present for me. 句型5. S十V十O十C “主语谓语宾语宾语补足语” “宾语宾语补足语”主要有四种类型： 名词（代词） 不定式； 名词（代词） 分词； 名词（代词） 名词(仅限于find, make, call, consider 等动词)； 名词（代词） 形容词(仅限于find, keep, make, leave, like, regard, see等动词) 。例如： I will let you know as soon as I hear from her. The teacher asked us to work hard at our lessons after class. The foreigner said that he found us speaking very good English. When we got there, we found the park crowded with people. He kept it a secret until he had succeeded. We made him our monitor. What do we call this plant in English? We must keep the room clean. Lets get everything ready in time. The news made us very angry. 综观以上5种句型,我们可以看出, 在表达的内容决定了之后，决定句型的 核心成分就是动词。动词往往决定着我 们该用的句型，决定着它后面的表语和 宾语的形式。因此，在练习书面表达时 ，我们有必要以这5种基本句型为主线， 以提高表达能力为目标，以动词的掌握 和使用为重点，进行分项专题练习，熟 练掌握以上5种基本句型，期望在中考中 取得好成绩。 金华市2010年中考英语作文题目 暑假时每个中学生期盼的一段时光，请你围绕如 何过一个轻松、愉快、有意义的暑假，写一篇80 字左右的英语短文。 注意： 1、文中不得出现真实的姓名、校名。 2、下列词汇可供参考： summer holiday, travel, do sports, do some readi ng, helpwith, housework, take part in 3、题目自拟。 My Dream Summer Holiday The summer holiday is coming. After so much work at school, how I want to relax myself! My first choice is to watch TV and do more sports. Then I will help myparentswith some housework. After all, they have done so much for me. Besides, visiting the World Expo is my biggest wish. At the same time, I w ill continue to study,especiallyto improve my English. I also want to take part in som e interesting activities, which can enrich my experience. That is my dream summer holiday. Im sure my holid ay will be relaxing, happy and meaningful! 2011年看图表达 根据下面的图画，请你用英语写一篇短文。包括69个句子。短文要 求达意、正确、连贯。 One possible version New Years Day is coming. Some students are going to hold a party on New Years Eve. Now they are busy getting ready for it. A boy is carrying some food and a box of drinks into the classroom while others are working hard to make the classroom nice and clean for the party. Look, a girl is making some paper flowers and a boy is writing “Happy New Year“ and drawing some pictures on the blackboard. Over there two students are cleaning the windows and desks. I think they will have a wonderful party and enjoy themselves a lot. 2012年金华考题 本周，你们班来了位外籍教师Margate假如你是李明，请用英语给 Margate写一封信，描述你们班英语学习的现状并表达你的愿望。 Present situation Your hope a lot of written workmore activities too much Chinesepractice speaking English too much grammarLearn English songs 注意：（1）表格中的内容仅供参考，允许自由发挥 （2）信的格式及首尾已给出，不计入总词数。 （3）词数：80100。 Dear Margaret, I am Li Ming, a student in the class. _ Looking forward to a big change in our class. Yours, Li Ming One possible version Dear Margaret, I am Li Mine, a student in the class. I am writing to tell you about our English learning. At present, we have a lot of written work to do. Also, we speak too much Chinese m class, which doesnt help a lot. And we are learning too much grammar. Its just difficult and boring. Besides, we don，t like copying texts, either. , , So I hope in your class, we can have more activities like discussion or role playing. Don t you think they will help to practice speaking English? And well be happy if we can learn some English songs or watch English movies. Looking forward to a big change in our class. ( 94 words) Yours. Li Ming 金华市2013年中考英语书面表达 你校组织一次与澳大利亚交流生的交流活 动，主题为 “My Dream School ”.请根据表 中的提示词，用英语写一篇发言稿，描述 你理想中的高中学校。 要求：（1 ）词数：80100。 （2 ）文中不得出现真实姓名或校名 。 （3 ）开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词 数。 金华市2013年中考英语书面表达 Campus (校园）Teachers classmates In classAfter class. large, beautiful, kind, friendly, free to choose subjects, a lot of practice clubs and sports, a little homework. My Dream School Ladies and gentlemen, Id like to share with you my dream school . _ Thats all. Thank you for listening . My Dream School Ladies and gentlemen, Id like to share with you my dream school. The moment you enter this school, you will see a large and beautiful campus with trees and flowers here and there. In this school, we are living like a big family. Teachers here are kind as parents and classmates get along well with each other like brothers and sisters. When in class we are free to choose what we are interested in and are given a lot of time to practice. After class, instead of doing much homework, we can join different kinds of clubs and do whatever sports we like. What do you think of my dream high school? Thats all. Thanks for listening. 2014书面表达(本题有2小题；第81题5分，第82题15分，共20分) 81来自美国的Ronnie Smith是你校新来的英语教师，下 面是他本周末的出行意向表。 This Weekends Trip Purpose(目的)：to learn about Chinese culture The place to go：somewhere special Transportation：by bus，by bike or on foot 请你根据表中提供的信息，完成下面的短文。 Hello，Im Ronnie.Ive stayed here for nearly a month. I want to learn about _(1)_. So Id like to have a trip to _(2)_，but I dont know where to go.Can you give me some advice? Whats more，its OK for me to go there by bus, _(3)_ or on foot. Will you be free _(4)_？ Would you like to be my guide and share it with me? Please _(5)_ Hello，Im Ronnie.Ive stayed here for nearly a month. I want to learn about _(1)_. So Id like to have a trip to _(2)_，but I dont know where to go.Can you give me some advice? Whats more，its OK for me to go there by bus, _(3)_ or on foot. Will you be free _(4)_？ Would you like to be my guide and share it with me? Please _(5)_ 81. (1)Chinese culture (2) somewhere special/ a special plac e/ someplace special/ (3) by bike (4) this weekend/ this Sat urday/ this Sunday (5) email me/send me an email/ send an e mail to me/ call me/send me a letter/give me a reply Plan APlan B Where to visitArt MuseumCulture Village How to go What to do enjoy Chinese paintings lea