建筑外文翻译---浅谈小高层住宅钢筋混凝土框架结构设计策略.docx

文献翻译英文译文Key words: small paper high-rise residential reinforced concrete frame structureAbstract: along with the social economic prosperity, small high-rise buildings in our country is developing rapidly. Design thought are constantly updated. Structure system has become more and more diverse. Small high-rise steel reinforced concrete frame structure is more and more widely used in construction, small high-rise steel reinforced concrete frame structure design has a bright prospect of application. Our country has not been formed the corresponding standard, still need to do a lot of research work. 1 small high-rise steel reinforced concrete structure housing the basic structure of form 1.1 frame structure frame structure characteristics of large width, flexibility is good, the seismic performance is good, the cost is low, but because the column section partition wall thickness and cause greater than the column Angle, the influence of furniture decorate convex and beautiful, because sometimes in the residence of the room space irregularities and cause of the column to decorate. 1.2 a frame shear wall structure frame structure in the arrangement of a certain number of shear wall is a part of the frame shear wall structure. It is a small high-rise residence with the extensive application in a main body form. Its characteristic is planar flexible, applicability, reasonable structure, can make the frame, shear wall two have different deformation performance resist lateral force structure is very good cooperative play a role. 1.3 large bay multi-ribbed slab frame shear wall structure with the development of The Times and the improvement of peoples living standard, originally built small bay is shear wall system in residential building function, the limitation of becomes increasingly apparent. In terms of strength, from small bay in the role of the wall structure cant get enough of the play, and the excess shear wall decorate also lead to large earthquake force, increase the project expenses, moreover, due to the structure, it also increases the weight larger based investment, therefore, large bay multi-ribbed slab frame shear wall arises at the historic moment. Main wall of a room in an old-style house reached 4.5 m to 7.5 m, 7.5 m deep 1 lm, indoor generally no bearing of horizontal and vertical wall wall, can according to the different requirements of household space, along with the family flexible change still can decorate afresh. 1.4 short shear wall structure short-shear walls (wall limb section height and thickness ratio is 5 to 8 of shear wall being in special-shaped columns) and general shear wall, because this kind of structure system between the building function, structure and investment efficiency, energy-saving index to good effect, has many aspects such as into small high-rise residential main structures. 2 small high-rise residential reinforced concrete structure design of the key points 2.1 level load gradually become reinforced concrete structure design of the control factors in low-rise residential, often is by gravity, as a representative of the vertical load control of the reinforced concrete structure design; And in residential building, although the vertical load of the reinforced concrete structure design still produces the important influence, but horizontal load will be the control factors. For a particular architecture, it is substantially the vertical load value; As a horizontal load of wind load and earthquakes, its value is with the dynamic characteristics of the different and there will be great changes. 2.2 axial deformation nots allow to ignore to the frame system or frame shear wall system of a small high-rise residential, framework of the axial compressive stress column are often more than side pillar of the axial compressive stress, and it makes column in the axial compression deformation is greater than the side columns axial compression deformation. When the house is very high, such differences axial deformation will reach a lot of value, the consequences of the continuous beam is equivalent to the middle, bearing produce subsidence of the continuous beam in the negative moment of support among value decreases, and cross the value and bearings (bending moment in the negative moment value increase. 2.3 lateral be reinforced concrete structure design of the control index and lower houses, different structure lateral has become small high-rise residential reinforced concrete structure design of the key factors. As the height increases, horizontal load of the structure under lateral deformation increased rapidly, the structure of the vertex lateral general and housing height (H) is directly proportional to the four times. In the design of residential building, requires not only structure have the enough strength, but also have enough of lateral stiffness, make the structure in the horizontal load produced under the lateral control to a certain extent. This is because too much: (1) the lateral can make people uncomfortable, affect the normal use. (2) the big lateral will make partition, hatch and their senior wall facing material crack or damage, also can make the elevator to track deformation will not work. (3) the lateral too because P a train effect make structure to generate additional internal force, even for lateral and additional internal forces of the cycle of led to the collapse of the building. 2.4 structure ductility is reinforced concrete structure design is an important index of relative to the lower houses is concerned, residential building some more soft, the role of the deformation of a few. In order to make the structure in after the inelastic phase still has strong ability of deformation, avoid collapsed, the special needs in the tectonic take appropriate measures, to ensure that the ductility of the structure is enough. 3 small high-rise residential steel reinforced concrete frame structure design strategy 3.1 design optimization method at present, in the optimal design of the mature without analysis software, are mainly used small high-rise residential structure analysis software, the artificial analysis, using the conceptual design of the adjustment method for different selection of the structure and layout of constantly scheme analysis comparison, to get more ideal structure scheme, this is in the structural design of the most commonly used is also the most simple optimization, or optimization method. With the method of conceptual design scheme is more reasonable income, economic, although its FeiGong time-consuming, the quality of personnel to design the demand is higher, but the design personnel experience on artificial optimization method is still the widespread use of the main method. For the same small high-rise residential program, can have many different structure (including foundation) arrange plan; Determine the structure arrangement in the residential building things, even in the same load cases are also different analysis methods; In the course of analysis design parameters, materials, load value is not the only; Residential building things the processing of the details of the same, and so on, is the problem the computer is now cant fully resolved, all need to design personnel your own judgement. And judgment in the structural design of the only under the guidance of general rules, according to engineering practice experience, this is the above concept design. Therefore, concept design exists in designer to DuoZhong alternative plan selection process. 3.2 performance analysis 3.2.1 seismic performance analysis to the structure system that enough the bearing capacity and deformation ability is two also need to meet conditions. Combined with the idea of design concept, the above two kinds of structural system analysis, the computer program can use Chinese construction science research institute of space structure of the finite element analysis software SATWE. In the structure design, structure has required not only enough carrying capacity, also requires the appropriate stiffness. The use of the high-level structure, functional and safety and the size of the lateral too closely related, the lateral deformation will make partition wall, maintenance and facing material crack or damage. According to consider the structures were 5% accidental eccentric and two-way earthquake force calculated the adverse circumstances of each structure system of displacements Angle, shear wall structure frame structure, but less than cut are less than standard requirement, and rich in large quantities, this means that two structure system to meet the rigidity requirement. But use of performance, shear wall structure due to too much, since the Great Wall structure, leading to a large earthquake effect, concrete and steel consumption is higher; It also increases the foundation engineering investment, and limit the use of flexible architecture. And a framework of the shear wall structure characteristic is flat surfaces, strong applicability and flexible, reasonable structure, can make the frame, shear wall two have different deformation performance resist lateral force structure is very good cooperative play a role. In a horizontal load, has a pure framework and pure shear wall structure is more beneficial level deformation. By the use of flexible framework free space, easy to meet different requirements of building function; At the same time shear wall has the quite big fight lateral stiffness, so that the box a cut structure has a good aseismic capacity, also greatly reduces the structure of the lateral. 3.2.2 economical comparison we through the three reinforced concrete residential structure calculation, and found that direct fee three reinforced concrete structure housing unit area are not directly fee, among them many short shear wall structure unit area of direct fee, a maximum frame shear wall structure unit area of the minimum, including direct fee short shear wall structure of the unit area than a direct fee frame shear wall structure of the unit of area, 12.5% higher than the direct fee, large bay multi-ribbed slab frame shear wall structure unit area of direct fee is 7.3% higher, large bay multi-ribbed slab frame shear wall structure of the unit area than a direct fee frame shear wall structure unit area of direct fee by more than 4.9%. Three kinds of reinforced concrete residential structure of the project cost the same basic secondary. Cost per unit area a framework of the minimum shear wall structure, a framework of the shear wall structure is the second smallest, and short shear wall structure is larger, three little direct fee structure system varies by largest 45 yuan/m2 yuan. 4 the endWith the development of our national economy and the peoples living standard, the user to further improve the function of the house to put forward higher requirement, people want to a building in the use process have more flexibility to adapt to the demand of multi-function transformation. Therefore, the development of design unit to the unit design intent, should be safe for economic and beautiful, the principle for the society more design better products. 汉语译文浅谈小高层住宅钢筋混凝土框架结构设计策略论文关键词：小高层住宅 钢筋混凝土 框架结构论文摘要：随着社会经济的繁荣，我国小高层建筑发展迅速。设计思想也在不断更新。结构体系日趋多样化。小高层钢筋混凝土框架结构越来越广泛应用于建筑中，小高层钢筋混凝土框架结构设计有着光明的应用前景。我国尚未形成相应的规范，还需要进行大量的研究工作。 1. 小高层钢筋混凝土结构的住宅的基本结构形式 1.1 框架结构 框架结构的特点是开间大、灵活性好、抗震性能较好，造价较低，但由于柱截面大于隔墙厚度而造成柱角外凸，影响家具的布置和美观，有时由于住宅中房间分隔的不规则性又造成柱网的难以布置。 1.2 框架一剪力墙结构 在框架结构中布置一定数量的剪力墙就组成了框架一剪力墙结构。它是小高层住宅中应用比较广泛的一种主体结构型式。其特点是平面灵活，适用性强，结构合理，能使框架、剪力墙两种有不同变形性能的抗侧力结构很好地协同发挥作用。 1.3 大开间剪力墙结构 随着时代的发展和人们生活水平的提高，原来建造的小开间剪力墙体系住宅在建筑功能上的局限性变得日益明显。从强度方面看，小开间结构中墙体的作用不能得到充分的发挥，并且过多的剪力墙布置还会导致较大的地震力，增加工程费用，另外，由于结构自重较大，也增加了基础的投资，因此，大开间剪力墙应运而生。承重墙的开间达到4.5m7.5m，进深达到7.5m1lm，室内一般无承重的横墙和纵墙，可以按照住户的不同要求灵活分隔，随着家庭的变化还可重新布置。 1.4 短肢剪力墙结构 短肢剪力墙（墙肢截面高度与厚度之比为58的剪力墙）介乎于异形框架柱和一般剪力墙之间，由于这种结构体系在建筑功能、结构形式、投资效益、节能指标等多方面效果良好，己成小高层住宅的主要结构形式。 2. 小高层住宅钢筋混凝土结构设计的要点 2.1 水平荷载逐渐成为钢筋混凝土结构设计的控制因素 在低层住宅中，往往是以重力为代表的竖向荷载控制着钢筋混凝土结构设计;而在小高层住宅中，尽管竖向荷载仍对钢筋混凝土结构设计产生着重要影响，但水平荷载将成为控制因素。对某一特定建筑来说，竖向荷载大体上是定值;而作为水平荷载的风荷载和地震作用，其数值是随动力特性的不同而有较大幅度的变化。 2.2 轴向变形不容忽视 对于采用框架体系或框架一剪力墙体系的小高层住宅，框架中柱的轴压应力往往大于边柱的轴压应力，这就使得中柱的轴向压缩变形大于边柱的轴向压缩变形。当房屋很高时，此种差异轴向变形将会达到很大的数值，其后果相当于连续梁中间支座产生沉陷，使连续梁中间支座处的负弯矩值减小，跨中正弯矩值和端支座负弯矩值增大。 2.3 侧移成为钢筋混凝土结构设计的控制指标 与低层住宅不同，结构侧移己成为小高层住宅钢筋混凝土结构设计的关键因素。随着房屋高度的增加，水平荷载下结构的侧移变形迅速增大，结构的顶点侧移一般与房屋高度H的四次方成正比。在设计小高层住宅时，不仅要求结构具有足够的强度，而且还要有足够的抗侧移刚度，使结构在水平荷载下产生的侧移控制在一定的范围内。这是因为:过大的侧移会使人不舒服，影响房屋的正常使用。过大的侧移会使隔墙、围护墙以及它们的高级饰面材料出现裂缝或损坏，也会使电梯轨道变形而导致不能正常运行。过大的侧移会因P一效应使结构产生附加内力，甚至因侧移与附加内力的恶性循环导致建筑物的倒塌。 2.4 结构延性是钢筋混凝土结构设计的重要指标 相对于低层住宅而言，小高层住宅更柔一些，地震作用下的变形就更大一些。为了使结构在进入塑性阶段后仍具有较强的变形能力，避免倒塌，特别需要在构造上采取恰当的措施，来保证结构具有足够的延性。 3. 小高层住