自考本科英语2 汉译英.ppt

1.事先筹划，再来做题 想好译成什么样的英语句子结构 是简单句还是复合句，或者是强调句、倒装句。 如果选用了复合句，那么要明确哪部分是主句，从 句 采用的形式，是定语从句、状语从句还是其他的从 句。 在一个句子内，主语是什么，谓语用什么时态，是 主 动还是被动，要不要虚拟语气，这些都要事先筹划 好。 B. 动笔进行翻译。 遣词造句过程中，要格外注意一些细节问 题：1）仔细斟酌、选用最能确切表达 原文意 思的英文单词或词组； 2）名词的复数形式，动词的不规则变 化，主谓语的一致性： 3）单词的拼写，标点符号，大小写， 冠词 的使用等。 任何一个细节注意不到都可能出错丢 分。 2. 灵活处理，提高把握 10人组成的委员会一致支持这一决定。 The panel/committee/board consisting of which was composed of 10 members which was made up of which consist of supported the decision with one voice / all supported the decision . 3.注意书写和卷面整洁 这个问题本来可以不提，但常常被考生 忽略。 有的考生在考试中信手写来，一些不良 的书 写习惯也带了进来，例如“r”“V”，不分， “i” “l”，不分，有的常常遗忘标点符号 ，从 而造成不必要的丢分。 英汉差异： 英语信息重点在前，汉语信息重点在后 英语多复合长句，汉语多简单句 英语多被动，汉语多主动 英语属静态语言，汉语属动态语言 对应法 某些汉语句型与英语句型类似或相同 ， 翻译时可采用对应法： 即原文是什么句型，译文就用什么句型。 1. 假如你不来，我就去看你。 If you dont come, I will go to visit you. 2. 孩子们转到老师的背后，玩起了捉迷藏的游 戏。 The children went behind their teacher to play a hiding game. 二. 转译法（词性转换） 汉语中动词的使用频率大大超过英语， 因 此，汉译英时，就要将汉语中大量动词 转换 为名词、形容词、介词、副词；当然也 有其 他词性的转换。 他们不顾一切困难、挫折，坚持战斗。 They kept on fighting in spite of all difficulties and setbacks. 科学家们深信一切物质是不灭的。 Scientists are confident that all matter is indestructible. 这种人闹什么东西呢？闹名誉、闹地位、闹出 风头。 What are these people after? They are after fame, position and opportunity to be in the limelight. 由于我们实行了改革开放政策，我国的综合国力 有了明显的增强。 Thanks to the introduction of our reform and opening policy, our comprehensive national strength has greatly improved. 绝对不违反这个原则。 No violation of this principle can be tolerated. 电子计算机的主要特点是正确和迅速计算。 The electronic computer is chiefly characterized by accuracy and quick computation. 街中的一切逐渐消失在灰暗的暮色里。 Everything in the street was gradually disappearing into a pall of gray. 他说，如果情况是这样，他颇有跃跃欲试之感。 He said, if this was the case, he would be tempted to try. 企业管理人员要想出明智的决策就必须懂得数学。 The manager in enterprises must be mathematically informed, if they are to make wise decision. 学生们都应该德、智、体全面发展。 All the students should develop morally, intellectually and physically. 三. 增译法 1. 补主语：汉语无主语的句子较多，而 英语每句必有主语；或则采用英语无主 句、被动语态或there be结构 不知你是否已完成了任务。 I wonder whether you have finished your task. 预计今年的工业产量可比去年增长百分之 八。 The industrial production this year is expected to increase by 8% over that of last year. 是否应继续使用这一方法，部分取决于是否 还有其他形式的解决方法可供采用。 The answer to the question of whether one should continue using the method depends in part on whether other forms of solutions are available. 只要有一线希望,就不放弃谈判。 As long as there is a chance, we will never abandon the negotiation. 2. 补代词： 凡说到人的器官 和归某人所有 或与某人有关的事 就是法西斯国家本国的人民也被剥夺了人权 。 Even the people in the fascist countries were stripped of their human rights. 交出翻译之前，必须读几遍，看看有没有修 改的必要。 Before handing in your translation, you have to read it over and over and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved. 大作收到，十分高兴。 I was very glad to have received your writing. 3. 补连词： 英语中词与词，词组与词组以及句子与句 子 的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示，而汉语则 通 过上下文和语序来表示。 他不来信，我也不会给他写信。 I wont write to him unless he writes first. 虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。 Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. 4. 补介词和冠词： 英语句子离不开介词和冠词， 而汉语则很少使用，也没有冠词 熊猫是濒临灭绝的动物。 The panda is an endangered species. 他一直坚持自己的主张。 He insists on his point of view all the time. 这是我们两国人民的又一共同点。 This is yet another common point between the people of our two countries. 你是白天工作还是夜间工作？ Do you work in the daytime or at night? 我们对问题必须要做全面的分析，才能解决得妥当 。 We must make a comprehensive analysis of problem before it can be properly solved. 5. 补系动词 他虽然很年轻，但在研究工作中很有雄心壮志 。 Although he is very young, he is very ambitious in his research work. 尽管竞争很激烈，微软公司仍然保持软件市场 的领先地位。 Hard as competition is, Microsoft is still maintaining its position as market leader in software. 好的建议，谁来提都无关紧要. If the suggestion is advisable, it is no matter who gives it. 6. 补形式主语和形式宾语 我向他说明我是能成功的。 I made it clear to him that I can make it. 他用了差不多一年的时间才适应那里的环境 。 It took him more or less one year to adjust to the environment there. 四. 语序调整法 1. 疑问句、感叹句和倒装句 他只字未说。 Not a word did he say. 这地方好可怕啊！ How dreadful is this place! 他昨天干什么了？ What did you do yesterday? 你介意我抽烟吗？ Would you mind my smoking? 2. 定语、状语、形式主语和形式宾语 直到昨天我才知道他住院了。 I didnt know that he was hospitalized until yesterday. 我们必须清楚地了解涉及到的问题。 We must get a clear understanding of the things concerned. 好的建议，谁来提都无关紧要。 If the suggestion is advisable, it is no matter who gives it. 他们没有答复，这完全是意料之中的事。 They，not unexpectedly， did not respond. 他穿过马路时，左顾右盼，害怕撞到过路的车子上。 While crossing the road， he looked right and left，afraid that he might run into some passing car. 3. 某些短语表达习惯的调整， 老人也好，年轻人也好，都应定期查体 以便了解自己的健康情况。 People, young and old, should take physical examinations at regular intervals so as to know their own health. 不管晴天雨天，比赛准时进行。 Rain or shine, the match will go on time. 就是从太阳那里我们得到光和热。 It is from the sun that we get light and heat. 五. 反译法（肯定还否定） 1. 在他还没来得及阻挡我之前，我已经 跑出教室。 Before he could stop me，I had rushed out of the classroom. 2. 男儿有泪不轻弹，皆因未到伤心处。 Men only weep when deeply hurt. 3. 我们讨论问题时，不能忘记这些基本 点。 These basic concepts must be kept in mind in our discussion。 4. 他仍然没有弄懂我的意思。 Still he failed to understand me。 5. 无论如何，她算不上一位思维敏捷 的学生。 She is anything but a bright student. 6. 到目前为止，该组织辜负了世界人 民所寄予的希望。 This organization has not, so far, justified the hopes which the people of the world place in it. 六. 语态转换法 英语中被动结构使用极为广 泛，而汉语则不常见。 1. 带有“被”“遭”“受”“挨”等被动标 签的句子 他当选为学生会主席。 He was elected Chairman of the Students Union of this university. 她深受大家的尊敬。 She is greatly respected by everyone. 窗上的玻璃叫那个男孩打破了,他一定要挨骂的. The windowpane was broken by the child; he will certainly be scolded. 该计划将由一个特别委员会加以审查. The plan will be examined by a special committee. 2. 不带被动标签，但有被动含义的 句子 在实验开始以前，一切器件都已准备好了. All the apparatus had been prepared before the experiment began. 又有一座立交桥将于年底通车. Another flyover will be opened to traffic by the end of this year. 这个问题正在研究. The problem is now being studied. 来宾请出示入场券 Visitors are requested to show their tickets. 3. 原文没有被动含义，但由于需 要突出句子的某一成分，按英语的 表达习惯需译成被动语态 我国各族人民每年都要热烈庆祝“十一”国庆节 。 National Day is enthusiastically celebrated on Oct. 1 by the Chinese people of all nationalities every year. 口试时问了十个问题，她全都答对了。 She was asked ten questions in the oral examination and answered every of them correctly. 4. 用“It be + V.p.p. + that从句”来 翻译一些习惯用语 众所周知，火药是中国古代的四大发明之 一。 It is well known that gunpowder is one of the four great inventions of the ancient Chinese people. 应该说，情况