高中英语语法动词不定式.pptVIP

Grammar 一 动词不定式 动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成 ，可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语、 定语、状语、补足语等,但不能作谓语 。 动词不定式 To do that sort of thing is foolish 。 I want to see you this evening. All you have to do is to finish it quickly. We found a house to live in. She came here to study English. I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation. 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 宾补 作主语 To master a foreign language is really important nowadays. To give up smoking is right. 1.当今掌握一门外语真的很重要。 2. 放弃吸烟是对的。 作宾语 Fred didnt have any money, so he decided to look for a job. He promised not to tell anyone about it. 1. Fred 没有钱，所以他决定找一份工作。 2. 他答应不告述任何人这事。 afford, agree, appear, arrange, ask, attempt, choose, claim, dare, decide, demand, deserve, determine, expect, fail, get, guarantee, hate, help, hope, hurry, intend, learn, long, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise refuse, seem, tend, threaten, want, wish The following verbs are normally followed by the infinitive. Remember! The following verbs are normally followed by v-ing. avoid, consider, delay, deny, dislike, endure, enjoy, escape, forgive, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, pardon, prevent, resist, suggest, understand, cant help Remember them! 作表语 My job is to teach English. To see is to believe. 1. 我的工作是教英语。 2. 眼见为实。 作定语 Do you have anything to say? 1. 你有什么要说的吗? 2. Betty是第一个知道这真相的人 Betty was the first to know the truth It seems that he has no pen _ . A. to write B. to write with C. writing D. writing with 注意 如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词， 其后应加上必要的介词 Eg. He is a pleasant person to work with. 不定式作定语，往往表示将要发生的动作 。 I have a lot of work to do. The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important. 注意 作状语 He spoke loudly (so as / in order) to be heard. They jumped with joy to hear the news. Im too tired to walk any further tonight. 目的状语. 原因状语. 结果状语 目的状语: 常用的结构to do; in order to do, so as to do, so/ such as to do, etc. I come here to say good-bye to you. 结果状语: 常与only , enough 或too连用。 He studied hard only to fail the exam. He is old enough to go to school. 原因状语: 一般用在句尾 Im glad to see you. She wept to see the sight. 作宾补 She asked me to stay there. 1. 她叫我呆在这儿。 2.请允许我介绍Mr. White给你们。 Please allow me to introduce Mr. White to you. 1) 带to的不定式作宾补。很多动词如: allow, order, force, permit, tell, want, wish, forbid, advise, persuade, warn等后 面作宾补的不定式都带to。 如: He didnt allow us to smoke in his house. 他不允许我们在他的家里吸烟。 2) 不带to的不定式作宾补。使役动词make, have, let;感官动词see, watch, observe, hear, listen to, notice等后面作宾补的不定式不带 to。 如: He made a face and made everybody laugh. 他做了一个鬼脸, 逗得大家都笑了。 如果上述结构变为被动语态,不定 式就由原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语, 此时第2类动词(let, have无被动语态)后 原来不带to的不定式要加to。 如:I saw him go upstairs. He was seen to go upstairs. 有人看见他上楼去了。 Be careful! 注意 : 动词不定式的时态 1. He seems to know this. 2. I hope to see you next week. . 一般式( to do ). 不定式的一般式所 表示的动作（状态 ）与句子谓语的动 作同时（或几乎同 时）发生，或之后 发生。 .进行式( to be doing) 1.He pretended to be working when I came in. 2. He seems to be thinking deeply,without noticing me passing him. 表示谓语表示的动作 （情况）发生时，不 定式所表示的动作正 在进行。 动词不定式的时态 动词不定式的时态 .完成式（to have done) 1. I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long. 2. You seemed to have read the novel written by Mr. Smith. 不定式的动作 发生在谓语表 示的动作之前 。 动词不定式的语态 .主动式( to do / to be doing /to have done) 1. We want to learn English well. 2.Robert is said_abroad, but I didnt know what country he studied in. A.to have studied B.to study C. made D. to make 当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的 动作的执行者时. 动词不定式的语态 .被动式( to be done / to have been done) 1. He didnt like to be laughed at. 2. He claimed _in the supermarket when he was doing shopping yesterday. A.being badly treated B.treating badly C. to be treated badly D. to have been badly treated. 当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示 的动作的承受者时. 注意 A. 动词不定式的否定式只须在to 前加 not. My father decided not to take up the job. The teacher told us not to be late again. 否定副词not, never, seldom, hardly 等要置于to前 My mother told me never to do it again. 注意 B. 动词不定式之后可加疑问词 ，通常做主语，宾语。 Mr.Lin will teach us how to use the computer. Can you tell me where to get the book? 注意 C. 作简短回答或避免不必要的重复时 ，动词不定式常常省去to 后面的动词， 只保留to 。 A:Would you like to come to my party? Mary wanted to use my bike, but I asked her not to ( use my bike). B: Yes , Id love to ( come to your party). Mary想用我的自行车，但我叫她别用。 1. The light in the office is still on. -Oh, I forgot . A. turning it off B. turn it off C.having turned it off D. to turn it off 2. She cant help _the house because shes busy making a cake. A. to clean B. cleaning C. Cleaned D. being c leaned 练习 3. Not everybody has the ability in public. A. of speak B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak 4. Mary is always the first student to answer the teachers questions in class. A. rising B. to rise C. rose D. risen 5. Mum ,why do you always ask me to eat an egg every day? -_ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up. A. Get B. Getting C. To get D. To be getting 6.Would you be so kind as us out? - With pleasure. A. helping B. in helping C. help D. to help 7 The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating 8. We agreed _ here, but so far she hasnt turned out yet. A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met 9. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning 10. Wet umbrellas are not allowed into this hotel according to the rule. A. to be taken B. to take C. taken D. taking 11. Robert is said _ abroad, but I didnt know what country he studied in. A to have studied B to study C to be studying D to have been studying 高考链接 1. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _. (2008全国I卷) A. to be breathed B. to breathe C. breathing D. being breathed B 2. Did the book give the information you needed? Yes. But _ it, I had to read the entire book. (2008北京卷) A. to find B. find C. to finding D. finding 3. I feel greatly honored _ into their society. (2008北京卷) A. to welcome B. welcoming C. to be welcomed D. welcomed A C 4. _ the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day. (2008湖南卷) A. Completing B. Complete C. Completed D. To complete 5. If there is a lot of work _, Im happy to just keep on until it is finished. (2008上海卷) A. to do B. to be doing C. done D. doing D A 6. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there _ for