初中英语阅读训练.ppt

初中英语阅读训练 辅导讲座（一） 阅读题型的基本模式及答题技巧 行知二中 姚春妹 2005. 2 英语水平是一种能力。 英语水平的提高在于听说读写四种语言技能全面的发展。 它们相辅相成，相互促进，但一般说来，阅读能力显得尤 其重要，它已经成为检验我们学生英语水平和能力高低的 重要手段。 1。如果不通过阅读掌握一定量的词汇和语法知识，就很难 提高听的能力。 2。如果不通过阅读掌握足够的语法结构、词汇和语言背景 知识，提高口语表达能力也就成了空谈。 3。阅读对我们学生写作能力的影响更是十分明显。因为， 从各类题材和体裁的阅读材料中获得的语言知识和生活知 识是写作的源泉。 阅读测试题型 1。判断正误题 True or False 2。选择题 Choose the best answer 3。根据短文内容书面回答问题 Questions 阅读理解三步曲 1。通读全文、把握整体。 如遇到不认识的单词 或难懂的句子，只要对全文理解影响不大， 可跳过再说，待全文阅读完毕，再根据全文的 意思以及前后句子之间的时间、因果、逻辑 关系等推测它的意思。 2。抓住中心、注意开头和结尾。（包括每个段落 的开头和结尾句，它们都是表达短文意思的 关键。） 3。注意方式、准确理解。浏览正误题、选择题 -带着问题阅读-确定答案。对短文所提供 的线索或暗示，则要进行分析、归纳和推理。 1。中心归纳题 对大多数短文（段落）的主题(subject)，中心 思想(main idea)，标题(title)，或作者的写作 目的(purpose)，拟题者大概有以下提问方式： 1.The subject of the paragraph(passage) is _. 2.The main idea of the paragraph is _. 3.From the passage we know that _. 4. Which of the following is the best title for the paragraph (passage)? 5. What is the authors main purpose? 6.The main purpose of this story is to tell us_. 7.The conclusion we can get from the story is_. You speak, write a letter, make a telephone call.Your words carry a message. People communicate with words. But do you think you can communicate without words? A smile on your face shows you are happy and friendly. Tears in your eyes tell others that you are sad. When you raise your hand in class, the teacher knows you want to say something or ask questions. You shake your head, and people know you are saying “No.” You nod, and people know you are saying “Yes”. Others can also carry messages, for example, a sign at the bus stop helps you to know which bus to take, a sign on the door tells you where to go in or out. Have you ever noticed that there are a lot of signs around you and that you receive messages from them all the time? People can communicate in many other ways. An artist can use his drawing to tell about beautiful mountains, about the blue sea and many other things. Books are written to tell about all the wonderful things in the world and also about people and their ideas. Books,magazines, TV, radio and films all help us communicate with others. They all help us to know what is going on in the world and what other people are thinking about. Choices: 1. The main idea of this passage is that people communicate _. A.with words only B. in many different ways C. in letters and with drawings D. with smiles, tears and hands 2. The best title for this passage is _. Signs Carry Messages The Importance of Communication Words, Signs and Drawings Ways of Communication 2。单词、短语、句子理解题 这种题型主要测试学生能否通过上下文正确理 解某个单词、短语或句子的意思。在确定词汇与 语句的内涵时，我们可循下列线索： 1）近意线索，即借助上下文判别与确定语意最 接近的词汇或句型。 2）环境线索，即根据语意的递进、转折、对比等 特定语境确定应选的词汇或句型。 3）对比线索，即借过度词根据前后两句的意思 反差，确定有关词汇或句型。 4）思维线索，即根据语段之间的逻辑关系确定 有关词汇或句型。 其提问方式有： 1. The word/ phrase “” (in Line, Paragraph) in this context means _. 2. The author uses the word/ phrase “.” to mean_. 3. The sentence “” means_. 4. What does the word/phrase/sentence mean? The United States has long been known as a melting pot because so many people from all over the world make up its population. The first immigrants in American history came from England and the Netherlands. Immigrants from many other countries then began arriving and are still coming. The greatest numbers came in the years 1800 to 1914. Between 1820 and 1973, the United States admitted over 46 million immigrants. Most came from Europe, but many also came from Latin America, Asia, Australia and Canada. melting pot 人种混杂的国家；熔炉 Choices: 1. The word “immigrants” in the third line means_. A. Indians B. foreigners C. people coming into a country from abroad to make their home there D. people going out of their motherland 2. The expression “make up” in the third line means _. A. understand with difficulty B. form C. become friends again D. collect together A yellow room makes us feel more cheerful and comfortable than a dark green one, and a red dress brings warmth and cheer to the saddest winter day. On the other hand, black is depressing. Light and bright colors make people not only happier but more active. It is a fact that factory workers work better, harder, and have fewer accidents when their machines are painted orange than when they are painted black or dark gray. 1. “Im feeling black” means_. A.Im depressed. B. Im excited. C. Im very happy. D. Im feeling well. 3. 计算题 A meteorite almost hit an 80-year-old man named Arthur Pettiffer in Britain when he was working in his garden. The meteorite was the biggest in the past 26 years in Britain. The meteorite weighed one kilo, and might be over four thousand million years old. “I hear the big noise in the air. I looked up and I saw the tops of the trees coming and going,” he said, “I did not know what it was.” Meteorites are small things from the small planets in space. About 3,50meteorites may fall on the earth every year, but only very few are found. Mr. Pettiffers meteorite is the fifth to fall in Britain since the Second World War. Mr. Pettiffer is glad. “When you think about it coming so far away, it really is something strange.” 这种题型测试学生能否根据文章中的有关信息进行 计算，从而检验学生对文章的真正理解。 注意：英文数字的写法。 True or False: ( ) The meteorite was already 40,000,000,000 years old. 4. Details 细节理解题 1) Which of the following statements is true(false) , 2) according to the paragraph (passage)? 3) 2) In the passage, which of the following is 4) mentioned (not mentioned)? 5) 3) All the following statements are NOT true(false) 6) except_. 7) 4) Choose the right order of the events 8) given in the passage. Washing D.C. is the capital city of the U.S.A. The American leaders meet and work in the capital. That is where they make laws. That is where they run their countrys business. But Washing D.C. is not the largest city of the U.S.A. The main building where the American leaders meet also has a name. It is called the Capitol. The word for the building sounds like the word for the city. But it is spelled differently. Look at both words. How are their differences? The Capitol is a very important building in Washing. The early American leaders wanted people to see it easily. So they made a law. It says that no building in Washing can be higher than the Capitol. That is why Washing has no tall buildings. 1. Which of the following is correct? A. Washing D.C. is the capital of the U.S.A. B. Washing D.C. is the capital of the U.K. C. Washing is the capital city of the U.S.A. D. Washing was the capital city of the U.S.A. A.2. In this passage, which of the following is B. NOT mentioned? C. The Capitol is a very important building in Washing. D. The Capitol is the tallest building in Washing. E. The Capitol can be seen easily. F. The Capitol is also the oldest building in Washing. 5.Titles 标题选择 Venice is a large city in Italy. It is not like other cities because it is built on many small islands. Between the islands, bridges go over 170 canals or waterways. There are no wide streets or automobiles in the city. People can walk down narrow lanes, or they can take boats. Mail for Venice comes by train or track to the edge of the city. Then the boat takes the mail to the post office. In the post office, it is sorted for the six main parts of the city. Then it is given to nearly 100 postmen to deliver. Each postman takes a boat called “water bus” to the part of the city where he works. There , he walks from house to house. The postman calls out the names of people. The people live on the second and third floors of a house. These people have baskets on long strings. They lower the strings to the postman.He puts their mail in the basket, and the people pull the basket back up. Then the postman walks on his way. The best title for this passage would be_. A.Taking a Boat in Venice B.How to Walk in Venice C.Delivering Mail in Venice D.Venice, a City Built on Many Islands 把握中心，看清段首和段尾，有时主题句 在中间。 初中英语阅读训练 辅导讲座（二） 根据短文内容书面回答问题 行知二中 姚春妹 2005. 2 1。用英语书面回答问题是一个综合性题型。 难度较高，需要学生各方面的能力。 2。理解全文，注意人物和事件，及事件发生 的时间、地点等。 3。注意词汇、结构的正确运用，意思表达的 简单明了。时刻注意单词的大、小写，单 复数和动词的单复数、时态、语态等。 学生考虑： 1。怎样才算是完整的句子； 2。词与词之间是怎样联系的； 3。句子的整体意义是否合理。 A pretty, well-dressed young lady stopped a taxi in a big square, and said to the driver, “Do you see that young man at the other side of the square?” “Yes,” said the taxi-driver. The young man was standing outside a restaurant and looking impatiently at his watch every few seconds. “Take me over there,” said the young lady. There were a lot of cars and buses and trucks in the square, So the taxi-driver asked, “Are you afraid to cross the street?” “Oh, no,” said the young lady. “But I said that I would meet that young man for lunch at one oclock, and it is now a quarter to two. If I arrive in a taxi, it will at least seem as if I have tried not to be late.” Complete the answer to each question （根据短文内容回答下列问题，不超过五个单词） 1. How did the young woman get to the square? The story _. 2. Why did she want to take a taxi? Because she wanted to be seen getting out of the _. 3. Who at the other side of the square was probably waiting for a long time? _. 4. The young lady was 45 minutes late, wasnt she? _. 5. Did she try not to be so late? No, _. She was just going to pretend that she had tried. didnt tell us about it taxi A young man Yes, she was She didnt Bill Jenkins worked in a big office in the city, and generally he used to go to the barbers during working hours to have his hair cut, although this was against the rules, clerks had to have their hair cut in their own time. While Bill was at the barbers one day, the manager of the office came in by chance to have his own hair cut. Bill saw him and tried to hide his face, but the manager came and sat beside him, so he soon recognized him. “Hello, Jenkins,” the manager said, “I see that you are having your hair cut in office time.” “Yes, sir, I am,” admitted Bill calmly. “You see, sir, it grows in office time.” “Not all of it,” said the manager of the office at once. “Some of it grows in your own time.” “Yes, sir, thats quite true,” answered Bill politely, “but Im not having it all cut off.” 1. What were the office rules about going to the barbers? Clerks had to go there_. 2. Why did Bill try to hide his face while he was having his hair cut? Because he didnt want his manager_. 3. What was Bills excuse for breaking the office rule? His hair_. 4. How did the manager argue against this excuse? He said that not all of it grew in office time. Some of it grew _. 5. How did Bill answer that? He said that he wasnt _. in their own time to recognize him grew in office time in Bills / the clerks own time having it all cut off Once Napoleon stayed in a small inn. The next morning he went to thank the inn-keeper for the good service. “You have served me quite well, inn-keeper,” said Napoleon, “Id like to reward you. Tell me what you want.” “Sir, we want nothing,” said the inn-keeper, “but will you tell us something?” “We have heard a story,” said the inn-keeper, “Once during the war, the Russian soldiers took control of a farmhouse. However, you were sleeping in it accidentally. You hid yourself in a pile of hay while they were searching for you everywhere. Will you tell us how you felt when they were searching for you?” The inn-keeper looked at Napoleons face.Napoleon didnt seem very happy. Napoleon called two soldiers standing close to him and pointed to the door. The so