荒山荒地造林技术措施.doc

/ / / / 荒山荒地造林技术措施 1 造林树种的选择The selection of afforestation tree species 根据襄汾县东西两山不同的立地条件、各树种的生物学特性及在不同立地类型的生长表现,考虑树种来源、劳力、资金条件等因素,本着适地适树和优先选用优良乡土树种的原则进行荒山绿化树种的选择。苗木一般选择12 a生,侧柏最好使用容器苗,高度25.0 cm以上;刺槐地径1.0 cm以上;核桃地径1.5 cm以上。According to the different site conditions of xiangfen things two mountains, the biological characteristics of various tree species and growth performance in different site type, consider species origin, condition factors such as labor, capital, in line with to the principle of optimal tree and select excellent native tree species for greening tree species selection of barren hills. Nursery stock generally choose 1 2 a, biota orientalis had better use container seedlings, height 25.0 cm or more; Acacia diameter 1.0 cm or more; Walnuts ground diameter 1.5 cm or more. 2 造林密度及配置、混交方式2 afforestation density and configuration, mixed mode 2.1 造林密度 侧柏一般栽植在山坡的中上部或条件差的山脊,穴状或鱼鳞坑整地,密度可掌握在220330株/667 m2;刺槐、核桃适宜在土壤条件较好的水平阶及梯田成片栽植,密度一般为110150株/667 m2。2.1 afforestation density using general plant in the slope of the upper or poor ridges, cavernous or scale-hole ploughing and density can be master in 220 220 plants / 330 m2; Acacia, walnut in soil conditions good level of order and planting of terraces and density is generally 110 110 plants / 150 m2. 2.2 种植点配置 为充分发挥水土保持林的水土保持作用,侧柏、刺槐在种植点配置上选用“品”字形,核桃采用正方形的配置方式。2.2 growing point is configured to give full play to the water and soil conservation of soil and water conservation forest, arborvitae, acacia, choose goods glyph on planting some configuration, walnut square configuration method. 2.3 混交方式 根据山区地形地块的自然分布情况,树种混交方式一般选用不规则的块状混交。2.3 mixed way according to the nature of mountainous terrain block distribution of tree species chosen commonly irregular block mixed mixed mode. 3 整地方式Three site preparation modes 整地是造林前的一项重要环节,按照水土保持的要求,针对坡的上下位置及坡度的大小,并根据实际情况采取不同的整地方式,尽量减少破土面,因地制宜。Site preparation is an important link for afforestation in front of, in accordance with the requirements of the soil and water conservation, in view of the location and size of the slope up and down slope, and adopt different ways of soil preparation according to actual condition, to minimize the ground surface, adjust measures to local conditions. 3.1 山坡上一般对山坡上部及25坡以上的地段,采用穴状、鱼鳞坑整地,规格穴状坑穴径30.040.0 cm,深20.040.0 cm,穴面要稍向内倾斜;鱼鳞坑长径30.050.0 cm,短径30.040.0 cm,深20.040.0 cm,外侧有土埂,半环状,高10.020.0 cm,坑面外高里低,坑上方左右两角斜开引水沟,以积蓄坡面径流。3.1 general on the upper slopes and slopes more than 25 slope area, USES the cavernous, and scale-hole, site preparation, specifications cavernous holes diameter 30.0 40.0 cm, 20.0 40.0 cm deep, the hole surface slightly inward tilt; Scale-hole diameter 30.0 50.0 cm long, the short diameter 30.0 40.0 cm, 20.0 40.0 cm deep, outside have TuGeng, half ring, 10.0 20.0 cm, outside the pit surface observed is low, so that both Angle of oblique hole above open flume, slope surface runoff to savings. 3.2 对山坡中部及15-25坡的地方,采用鱼鳞坑、水平阶整地,规格 鱼鳞坑同上,水平阶宽0.81.5 m,长以便于整平田面为宜,深30.050.0 cm。3.2 to 15 , 25 slope and slope, using scale-hole, horizontal soil preparation, the above specifications and scale-hole, level of order 0.8 1.5 m wide, long is advisable in order to leveling, a depth of 30.0 50.0 cm. 3.3 对山坡下部及15坡以下的地段,采用窄幅梯田整地,规格 宽2.05.0 m,长度随山坡情况而定,深30.050.0 cm,阶外缘培修土埂。Under 3.3 to 15 slope and lower slope location, using a narrow terraced land preparation, specification is 2.0 5.0 m wide, length over hillsides, 30.0 50.0 cm deep, order the outer TuGeng culture. 4 造林时间Afforestation of four time 根据山区土层浅薄,含水量低的特点,造林季节选择以春季、冬季、雨季造林为主。According to the shallow mountain, the characteristics of low water content, choosing afforestation season planting is given priority to with spring, winter, rainy season. 4.1 侧柏以雨季造林为主,最适宜的造林时机是 进入雨季后下过一二场透地雨,然后天气连阴,此时造林成活率最高。切忌在无雨和降雨不多的时期强栽等雨,要严格遵循“三不栽”的原则,即“雨不透不栽,天不连阴不栽,雨过天晴不栽”。4.1 biota orientalis is given priority to with afforestation of the rainy season, the most suitable planting time is after entering the rainy season or two field through the rain, and even the weather cloudy, afforestation survival rate highest at this time. Period when there were no rain and the rain is strong of avoid by all means, such as rain, we will strictly follow the principle of three-no, namely the rain proof not planted, it doesnt even Yin not planted, after a storm comes a calm dont planted. 4.2 刺槐、核桃一般以春季、冬季造林为主 栽植时,一定要在根部蘸上泥浆。4.2 acacia, walnut generally in spring and winter planting is given priority to planting, must be dipped in the mud in the root. 5 造林技术5 afforestation technology 5.1 容器苗造林 容器育苗造林要注意一下4个方面的问题:1)起苗时,应先挖掉容器袋周围的土,尽量不使袋内的土体松动,切忌用手拔苗起苗;2)栽植时应注意栽植深度,培土深度要比容器高出2.03.0 cm,切忌将营养袋露在外面;3)栽前一定要撕破袋底部;4)运输过程中要防止散坨。5.1 container seedling afforestation container seedling afforestation should pay attention to four problems: 1) seedlings, should first remove the container bag of the surrounding soil, and try not to make the soil loose inside the bag, avoid by all means use hand pull seedlings seedlings; 2) should be paid attention to when planting planting depth, soil depth to 2.0 3.0 cm higher than container, avoid by all means will be exposed nutrition bag; 3) must be tear before planting bag department; 4) in the process of transportation to prevent tuo. 5.2 裸根苗造林 首先要把好起苗关,在起苗的前1 d圃地灌水,起苗时一律用铁锹深挖,做到根系完整,剔除细弱苗和病苗,对苗木进行分级,并用湿布覆盖,以减少苗木失水,随起随运,及时栽植。刺槐起苗时要进行截干,截干高度为地表以上5.010.0 cm。5.2 afforestation of naked root well up the seedlings in the first place, in front of the seedlings of 1 d soil water, the miao shall dig with a spade, do root integrity, eliminate thin seedlings and seedlings, the seedlings were classified, cover with damp cloth, in order to reduce water loss of the seedling and increases with the increasing the transport to planting in a timely manner. Acacia seedling cutting to take when dried, cut dry surface above the 5.0 to 10.0 cm in height. 5.3 栽植要点 将苗木放在筐内,遮盖湿布,栽一株拿一株。栽植时先把苗木放入植穴,理好根系,使其均匀舒展,不窝根,更不能上翘、外露,同时注意保持深度,然后分层覆土,把肥沃湿润的土壤填于根系,并分次踏实,使土壤与根系密接,防止干燥空气进入,保持根系湿润。冬季栽植核桃、刺槐,一定要进行培土,注意不能动摇踏实的根部,培土高度比茎干高3.05.0 cm。注意:栽植苗木后,栽植深度应高于苗木根颈处原土痕2.03.0cm。5.3 points will be planting seedlings is put in the basket, cover the wet cloth, plant a plant with a plant. First put the seedling into the hole, when planting good root system, make its uniform stretch, dont litter, and more cant go to become warped, exposed, and at the same time keep the depth, and then layered soil, fill in root, fertile moist soil and steadfast points in time, make the soil and root contact, prevent dry air into the, keep root moist. Winter planting walnut, acacia, must carries on the ridging, attention can not shake the steadfast root, ridging height ratio is 3.0 5.0 cm. Stems Note: after planting seedlings, planting depth should be higher than seedling root neck line 2.0 3.0 cm. 6 造林后的抚育管理6 tending management after afforestation 6.1 松土除草 要适时松土,以保墒和清除杂草。尤其是雨季造林后土壤易板结、干裂和滋生杂草。泰山奇石6.1 cultivating weed to timely scarification, to keep moisture and remove weeds. Especially after the rainy season afforestation soil harden, dry weeds and develop. 6.2 穴面覆盖 造林后穴面踏实后可再覆一层虚土,或及时盖上枯树枝、碎草、石块等,以减少土壤水分蒸发。这种方法对穴面保墒和促进苗木生长有明显作用,应尽量采用矿车。6.2 hole surface cover the hole after forestation steadfast can be covered a layer of XuTu again after, or cover timely dead, crushed grass, stones, etc., in order to reduce soil moisture evaporation. This method on the hole surface keep moisture and promote seedling growth has obvious effect, s