2017届英语外研版一轮复习课件：语法专题11连词和状语从句.ppt

语法专题十一 连词和状语从句 语法专题突破 语法专题十一 连词和状语从句 核心考点对应演练 核心考点-2- 考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七考点八考点九 考点一 连词连词 在句中连接单词 、短语、从句或者句子的词为连词 。根据句子 的结构特点,连词 通常分为并列连词 和从属连词 。 1.并列连词 按照在句中的作用可分为:表并列关系的连词 (and,as well as,both.and.,not only.but also.,neither.nor.等)、表转折关 系的连词 (but,yet,however,while等)、表选择 关系的连词 (or,either.or.等)、表因果关系的连词 (for,so等)。 (2015江苏)It is so cold that you cant go outside unless fully covered in thick clothes. 天如此冷,你不能外出,除非你全身穿上厚衣服。 (2014天津) Give me a chance,and Ill give you a wonderful surprise. 给我一个机会,我会给你一个很大的惊喜。 语法专题突破 语法专题十一 连词和状语从句 核心考点对应演练 核心考点-3- 考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七考点八考点九 (2013课标全国) I was glad to meet Jenny again,but I didnt want to spend all day with her. 再次见到珍妮我很高兴,但是我不想整天和她在一起。 2.引导名词性从句或状语从句的从属连词 主要有 :that,whether,if,as,when,while,till,until,since,after,before,because,thou gh,although,so.that,where等。 (2014山东) I dont really like the author,although I have to admit his books are very exciting. 我实在不喜欢这 位作者,尽管我不得不承认他写的书很激动人 心。 语法专题突破 语法专题十一 连词和状语从句 核心考点对应演练 核心考点-4- 考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七考点八考点九 考点二 时间时间 状语语从句 1.when,while,as都可译为 “当的时候”,但侧重点有所不同。 当主句动作是瞬时的、从句动作是延续的时,三者都可以用。 as强调主、从句动作同时或几乎同时发 生。 while从句的谓语动词 必须是延续性动词 ,不能是非延续性动 词。 She sang as we walked.I listened carefully while she was singing,and we felt happy when we got home. 我们一边走她一边唱,她唱的时候我认真地听,到家的时候我们 感觉很高兴。 2.until 和not.until until 要与延续性动词连 用;not.until 要与非延续性动词连 用。 He didnt go to bed until his father came back. 他直到父亲回来才上床睡觉。 语法专题突破 语法专题十一 连词和状语从句 核心考点对应演练 核心考点-5- 考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七考点八考点九 3.since意为“自从以来”,其后面所用动词 不同,该动词 所表 示动作持续时间 的计算方法也不同。 It is two years since he joined the army.(他参军两年了。) It is two years since he smoked.(他戒烟两年了。) 4.特殊的时间 状语从句的引导词 the moment,the minute,the instant,the second;no sooner.than.;hardly.when.等以及表示瞬间的 directly,immediately等词,表示“一就”,相当于as soon as。 no sooner.than.,hardly.when.结构中no sooner和hardly引导的句 子通常用过去完成时,而than和when引导的句子通常要用一般过 去时;此外,no sooner和hardly位于句首时,句子应用部分倒装语序 。 Tell him the news the minute you meet Tom. 你一见到汤姆就告诉他这个消息吧。 语法专题突破 语法专题十一 连词和状语从句 核心考点对应演练 核心考点-6- 考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七考点八考点九 Hardly had I got home when it began to rain. 我刚到家就开始下雨了。 5.by the time 也可以引导时间 状语从句,意为“到时为 止”, 主句一般用完成时。 By the time he was fourteen,Einstein had learned advanced mathematics all by himself.(从句为一般过去时,主句要用过去完成 时) 到十四岁的时候,爱因斯坦已经自学完高等数学了。 6.几组固定形式 (1)It will be+一段时间 +before.多久之后才 (2)It is+一段时间 +since.自从以来已有多长时间 了。 (3)be about to do.when.;be doing.when.;on the point of doing.when.正在/要做这时 语法专题突破 语法专题十一 连词和状语从句 核心考点对应演练 核心考点-7- 考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七考点八考点九 It will be two days before he returns. 要过两天他才回来。 It is three years since I came here. 我来这里三年了。 I was doing my homework when my cousin came. 我正在做作业,这时 候我表弟来了。 I was about to go out/on the point of going out when the phone rang. 我正要出去,这时电话 响了。 语法专题突破 语法专题十一 连词和状语从句 核心考点对应演练 核心考点-8- 考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七考点八考点九 考点三 结结果状语语从句 常用句型: so+形容词/副词+that从句 so+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+that从句 so+many/much/little/few+名词+that从句 such+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+that从句 such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+that从句 He is so young that he cannot go to school. 他太小了以至于不能上学。 It is such fine weather that we all want to go out for a walk. 天气这么好,以至于我们都想出去散步。 语法专题突破 语法专题十一 连词和状语从句 核心考点对应演练 核心考点-9- 考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七考点八考点九 考点四 原因状语语从句 1.because为常用词,其语气最重,且说明的是直接原因,用来回答 why引导的问句。 2.as,since和now that语气较弱,常用来表示一些显而易见或对方 知道的原因。since译为 “既然,鉴于”时不可用as替换。 (2013山东) Mark needs to learn Chinese since his company is opening a branch in Beijing. 马克有必要学习汉语 了,因为他的公司正在北京开设分支机构 。 As its raining,youd better take a taxi. 下雨了,你最好坐出租车。 Since everybody is here,lets begin. 既然大家都在,那我们就开始吧。 语法专题突破 语法专题十一 连词和状语从句 核心考点对应演练 核心考点-10- 考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七考点八考点九 考点五 让让步状语语从句 引导让 步状语从句的连词 有:though,although,while,even if/though,however,no matter how,no matter what,no matter who等。 1.though,although引导让 步状语从句时都不能和but连用,但可以 同yet(still)连用。 (2013天津)Although/Though small,the company has about 1,000 buyers in over 30 countries. 尽管这个公司很小,但它在30多个国家里有大约1000个购买 者 。 2.while引导让 步状语从句时意为“尽管,虽然”,多用于句首。 (2014安徽安庆二模)While there was no conclusive evidence,most people thought he was guilty. 虽然没有令人信服的证据,但大多数人都认为 他有罪。 语法专题突破 语法专题十一 连词和状语从句 核心考点对应演练 核心考点-11- 考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七考点八考点九 3.as/though引导让 步从句时,从句要采用倒装语序。 Child as/though he was,he knew what was the right thing to do. 他尽管是个孩子,但他知道怎样做是正确的。 Young as/though he is,he is expert in this field. 他虽然年轻,但在这个领域是专家。 4.whether.or not意为“无论(是否)”。 Whether you believe it or not,it is true. 不管你信不信,这是真的。 语法专题突破 语法专题十一 连词和状语从句 核心考点对应演练 核心考点-12- 考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七考点八考点九 5.however+形容词/副词=no matter how+形容词/副词.,意为“无论 多么”。 (2013辽宁)One can always manage to do more things,no matter how full ones schedule is in life. 一个人总是可以设法做更多的事情,不管在生活中时间表安排得有 多满。 语法专题突破 语法专题十一 连词和状语从句 核心考点对应演练 核心考点-13- 考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七考点八考点九 考点六 条件状语语从句 条件状语从句通常分为两大类:真实条件句和虚拟条件句。引导 条件状语从句的连词 有:if,unless/if.not,as long as/so long as,as far as/so far as,provided/providing(that),on condition that等。 1.条件状语从句中如果主句是将来时,条件状语从句用一般现在 时。如果条件状语从句中出现过 去时,则为 虚拟条件句,那么主句 要用相应的虚拟语 气形式。 If he had listened carefully,he would have done it better. 如果他认真听讲的话,他会做的更好些。 2.unless 相当于if.not,在虚拟条件句中可用if.not,但不能用 unless。 语法专题突破 语法专题十一 连词和状语从句 核心考点对应演练 核心考点-14- 考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七考点八考点九 (2013江西)She says that shell have to close the shop unless business improves. 她说如果生意不见什么起色的话她就将店关了。 If she were not too silly,she would understand it. 要不是她太笨的话,她就理解了。 语法专题突破 语法专题十一 连词和状语从句 核心考点对应演练 核心考点-15- 考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七考点八考点九 考点七 地点状语语从句 地点状语从句多用where和wherever引导。 (2015安徽)Where he once felt like giving up,he now has the determination to push further and keep on going. 他现在有决心要在自己曾经想要放弃的地方向前推进,坚持到 底。 语法专题突破 语法专题十一 连词和状语从句 核心考点对应演练 核心考点-16- 考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七考点八考点九 考点八 目的状语语从句 目的状语从句常用的连词 (短语)有so that(以便),in order that(以便 ),in case等。 1.so that/in order that 引导的目的状语从句中常用情态动词 can,could等。in order that 引导的目的状语从句可以放在主句之前 或之后,而so that引导的目的状语从句只能放在主句之后。 (2014浙江考试院高三抽测)Take action today so that/in order that you wont miss your opportunity next time. 今天就行动起来,这样 下次机会来时你就不会错过 了。 语法专题突破 语法专题十一 连词和状语从句 核心考点对应演练 核心考点-17- 考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七考点八考点九 2.in case 所引导的状语从句中,谓语 可以用虚拟语 气,形式为 “should+动词 原形”,也可以不用虚拟语 气。 You may leave the key at home in case one of us should think of/thinks of coming back. 你可以把钥匙留在家里,以免我们中有人想起要回来。 语法专题突破 语法专题十一 连词和状语从句 核心考点对应演练 核心考点-18- 考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七考点八考点九 考点九 方式状语语从句 方式状语从句常由as(按照),just as(正像),as if=as though(仿佛,好像; 从句可用虚拟语 气)等引导。 The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son. 老人对待这个男孩就像是自己的儿子一样。 语法专题突破 语法专题十一 连词和状语从句 核心考点对应演练 对应演练-19- .用适当的连词填空 1.(2015安徽改编)Though/Although/While scientists have learned a lot about the universe,there is much we still dont know. 2.(2015重庆改编)If you miss this chance,it may be years before you get another one. 3.(2015陕西改编)I believe you will have a wonderful time here once/if/when you get to know everyone else. 4.(2015天津改编)We need to get to the root of the problem before we can solve it. 5.(2015北京改编)He is a shy man,but he is not afraid of anything or anyone. 解析解析 关闭 1.Though/Although/While 句意:虽然科学家们对宇宙有了很多了解,但 是仍然有许多东西我们不知道。句中的逗号前后皆为句子,因此空格处 应填连词;根据句意前后为让步关系,故填Though/Although/While引导让 步状语从句,意为“虽然”。 2.before 句意:如果你错过这次机会,可能再过数年你才会得到另一次机 会。此处考查句型“it may be+时间段+before.”,表示“要过才” 。 3.once/if/when 分析句子前后的逻辑关系可以看出,“you get to know everyone else”是“you will have a wonderful time”的前提,所以句子后半部 分应该是一个条件或者时间状语从句。因此空格处可以填once/if/when 。句意:我相信一旦/如果/当你认识了这里其他所有的人,你会过得开心 的。 4.before 句意:在我们解决问题之前,我们必须弄清问题的根源。根据句 意可知,先弄清根源,再解决问题,所以用before引导时间状语从句。 5.but 句意:他是一个腼腆的人,但是他不害怕任何事情或任何人。前后 两句在内容上构成转折关系,所以填but。 语法专题突破 语法专题十一 连词和状语从句 核心考点对应演练 对应演练-20- 6.(2015广州一模改编)Although he was proud of his ability to go “off script”,he became extremely angry when/if other actors tried to do the same,arguing that they were simply not good at it. 7.(2015重庆一中一诊改编)Did Vicky come back early last night? Yes.It was not yet nine oclock when she arrived home. 8.(2015广州调研改编)The explosion rocked the lake with such a force that dead fish immediately began to surface. 9.(2015江苏扬州中学质检改编)Im sorry to tell you that you made a mistake in your test. How can that be?I did it as told in class. 10.(2015河南南阳一中月考改编)Before/When I booked the ticket,you promised to drive non-stop from Aye to Norwich. 解析解析 关闭 6.when/if 根据句意可知,空后是前一分句的时间或条件状语从句,应填 when/if。 7.when 句意:昨晚薇姬回来得早吗?是的,她到家时还没到九点 。It is/was+具体的时间+when引导的时间状语从句,表示“当的时候” 。 8.that 句意:爆炸威力巨大以至于死鱼立刻漂上来。such.that“如此 以至于”,that引导结果状语从句。 9.as 句意:很遗憾地告诉你在测试中你犯了一个错误。怎么可 能呢? 我是按照课堂上教的做的。状语从句补充完整就是as I was told,由 于从句主语与主句主语一致,可省去从句的主语和助动词was,变为省略 句。 10.Before/When 句意:当我订票时/在我订票前,你们承诺的是从Aye到 Norwich中途不停车的。此处为时间状语从句,故可以根据句意填before 或when。 语法专题突破 语法专题十一 连词和状语从句 核心考点对应演练 对应演练-21- 11.(2015四川绵阳中学月考改编)While/Although/Though life in a new country can be difficult,it can broaden a persons view of the world. 12.(2015山西师大附中月考改编)If the bees do not learn which smells mean food,they will starve. 13.(2015安徽黄山第二次质检改编) He says whatever difficulty you meet with in your work,you can turn to him for help. 14.(2015福建最后冲刺模拟卷二改编) Lucy was so excited when she received an invitation from her friend to visit Beijing. 15.(2015吉林东北师范大学附中第二次摸底改编)Why dont you stay there until/till you have seen your son perform? 解析解析 关闭 11.While/Although/Though 句意:尽管在一个新的国家生活是很困难的, 但是它可以开阔眼界。根据句意,前后之间为让步关系,所填词引导让步 状语从句,故填While/Although/Though。 12.If 句意:如果蜜蜂不能闻出食物的味道,它们会饿死。根据句意可知 此处要用if来引导条件状语从句。 13.whatever 句意:他说不管你在工作中遇到什么样的困难都能向他求 助。题干中says后跟的是宾语从句,that引导宾语从句,已省略。宾语从句 中,前后之间存在让步关系,且空后是名词difficulty,故用whatever引导让 步状语从句。 14.when 句意:露西在收到来自朋友的去北京的邀请后非常兴奋。根据 句意填when引导时间状语从句。 15.until/till 根据空前后的分句之间的关系判断填until/till。句意:你何不 待在那里看你儿子表演? 语法专题突破 语法专题十一 连词和状语从句 核心考点对应演练 对应演练-22- 16.(2014北京改编)Some animals carry seeds from one place to another,so plants can spread to new places. 17.(2014北京改编)Although/Though/While the forest park is far away,a lot of tourists visit it every year. 18.(2014湖南改编)You will never gain success unless you are fully devoted to your work. 19.(2014重庆改编)Half an hour later,Lucy still couldnt get a taxi where the bus had dropped her. 20.(2014江西改编)It was the middle of the night when my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game. 解析解析 关闭 16.so 句意:一些动物把种子从一处带到另一处,这样植物就能传播到新 的地方。根据句意可知,此处表示结果。故用so来连接并列句。 17.Although/Though/While 句意:尽管森林公园(离这里)很远,但是每年 都有大量游客到访。应使用连词引导让步状语从句。 18.unless 句意:如果你不能全身心地投入工作,你就永远不可能取得成 功。unless在此处引导条件状语从句,意为“如果不,除非”。 19.where 句意:半小时过去了,露西在下公交车的地方仍然没有打到出 租车。where在此处引导地点状语从句,表示谓语动作发生的地点。 20.when 句意:在午夜,爸爸将我叫醒让我看足球赛。when引导时间状 语从句,表示“当时候”。 语法专题突破 语法专题十一 连词和状语从句 核心考点对应演练 对应演练-23- 1.我认为 她不会难过 的,但是以防万一我还是去安慰她一下。 I dont think shell be sad but Ill go and comfort her in case she is. 2.除非你努力学习,否则你别指望学到什么东西。 You can never expect to learn anything unless you study hard. 3.对银 行而言,只要贷款能准时偿还 就好,至于如何偿还 倒不重要 。 How the loan is paid should be of little concern to the bank as long as it is paid on time. 4.联合国官员说还 需要好几个星期甚至几个月才能达成协议 。 The UN officials say it could be many weeks and even months before the deal is reached. 语法专题突破 语法专题十一 连词和状语从句 核心考点对应演练 对应演练-24- 5.尽管电子邮件受到越来越多人的欢迎,但我更愿意写信。 Although/Though/While email is an increasingly popular means of communication,I prefer writing letters. 6.天热时 ,旧轮胎容易在已修补的地方再次破损。 In hot weather,an old tyre can break again easily where it was mended. 7.汤姆把这次考试看作一个障碍而他的同学把它看作一次挑战。 Tom looked upon the test as an obstacle while his classmates regarded it as a challenge. 8.把工资付给我,否则我会控告你。 Pay me the money for my work,or Ill accuse you. 语法专题突破 语法专题十一 连词和状语从句 核心考点对应演练 对应演练-25- 9.我真不愿意提这件事,但你昨天离开办公室时忘了关门。 I hate to say this,but you forgot to close the door when you left the office yesterday. 10.他不可能在屋子里,因为灯没亮。 He cant be in the room,for the light is not on. 语法专题突破 语法专题十一 连词和状语从句 核心考点对应演练 对应演练-26- .根据短文内容,用恰当的词填空 I really love my job because I enjoy working with small children and like the challenges and awards from the job.I also think my work is important.There was a time 1.when I thought I would never have that sort of career. I wasnt an excellent student 2.because I didnt do much schoolwork.In my final term I started thinking 3.what I might do and found I didnt have much to offer.I just accepted that I wasnt the type to have a career. 解析解析 关闭 1.when 分析句子结构可知,time后为定语从句。There was a time when.“曾有一段的时期”。 2.because 根据句意,此处应用because引导原因状语从句。 3.what thinking后是宾语从句,且从句中缺少宾语。 语法专题突破 语法专题十一 连词和状语从句 核心考点对应演练 对应演练-27- I then found myself a job,looking after two little girls.It wasnt too bad at first.But the problems began 4.when I agreed to live with them 5.so I would be there if my boss had to go out for business in the even