级写作分题型讲评.ppt

大学英语四级考试写作 分题型讲评1 评判作文：四级考试作文主要看 内容、结构、语言三个方面。 l内容不跑题即可，注意：1.不要妄图以情动 人;2.不要妄图在构思上出奇制胜。 l结构上牢记总分总：先写主题句(Topic Sentence)，再写分论点，最后写总结句 (Conclusion)。 l语言最重要，往往使评分产生重大差异，语 言要模仿和包装。 基本表达 l人们认为：it is generally/ widely believed/ held/ agreed that l越来越：be increasingly + adj., be on the rise, the growing number of 万能理由(Omnipotence) l方便：convenient/ convenience l效率：efficient/ efficiently/ efficiency l节省和浪费：save time/ money/ space; economical, thrift; waste time/ money/ space; costly, lavish l人的心理健康：independent, cooperative, competitive, considerate, confident, creative, sociable, perseverance; selfish, isolated, conservative l人的身体健康：health, disease, strong, strength, energetic l娱乐：colorful, pleasure, joy, recreation, entertainment, relax, tired, boring, lonely l环境：environment, pollute, poisonous, dirty l安全和危险：safe, danger, risk l经验：experience, social experience, enter the society l人际：humane, fair, unfair, help, assist, freedom, freely 写完之后修改注意： (内容方面尽量不要修改) l字母大小写 l怪符号 l单词拼写 l主谓一致 l动词时态 l名词单复数 实例一 l题目：BicyclesAn Important Means of Transport in China l提纲：(1)为什么自行车在中国这样普及 (2)和汽车的比较 (3)自行车在中国的前途 Score: 8 BicyclesAn Important Means of Transport in China lBicycle is an important means of transport in China. The important reason of it is the economy of Chinese. The use of bicycle in China is widely because people in China have not high wage. They can only afford a bicycle, and they have no money to buy a car which is too expensive. So Chinese usually buy a bicycle, and use it to go to work, or go to travel and so on. The other reason is the large population of China. All these made the bicycle become the important means of transport. l The bicycle, compared to the car, is not too expensive and it is easy to learn and to use and it can save the surface of putting it. It doesnt ask to build the garage like car. This point is very important to China, because of the lack of land. It isnt too expensive, so Chinese can afford it. It doesnt need any oil, and it cant cause the polusion. All of these are the good needs compared to the car. l In the future, bicycle will be widely used. And it will be in good demand. People will produce much more modern bicycles. Score: 11分 l BicyclesAn Important Means of Transport in China lThere millions of bicycles in todays China. Bicycles are very important means of transport in peoples daily lives. Because to ride a bicycle is very simple, to buy a bicycle will not cost so much money, to park a bicycle needs just a small room and to ride a bicycle does not need oil but the riders strength, bicycles are popular all over the world, especially in China. l Compared with a car, a bicycle is much cheaper. It is more suitable for China as a developing country. And a bicycle has almost caused no pollution but a car has. On the contrary, a bicycle is too slow, it costs more times than a car. l I think the population of Chinas bicycle will be kept for the long run. Because it will be replaced by a car, a bus and so on in some developed areas in China, and it will be made a wide use in the developing areas in China, the number of bicycles in China will be the same as today but I believe that its quality will be improved. Score: 14 l BicyclesAn Important Means of Transport in China lBicycles are very popular in China. Almost every family in the city has two or three bicycles. During the rush hour, you can see that thousands of people - man and woman, old and young - ride their bicycles to work and study. That is why China is called “the kingdom of bicycles”. l Compared with cars, bicycles are superior in many ways. First, they are cheap, convenient and easy to ride. Second, riding bicycle is good for health. Third, they bring no noise nor air pollution. Though cars are faster and more comfortable, they are too expensive. They consume plenty of oil and they pollute the air. Sometimes, it is difficult for a driver to park his car. Moreover they often cause traffic jams and accidents. l In my opinion, the future of bicycle is very promising. Since China is a developing country and has a large population, I think, riding bicycle is appropriate to Chinese present conditions. It will be an important means of transportation for quite a long time. 题型总结： l 对比观点选择题：4段 l 社会热点话题：3段 l 图表题： l 书信题： l 格言题： l 描写叙述题： I、对比观点选择题： l1.有人认为; l2.另外一些人认为; l3.谈谈你的观点和看法。 实例二 99年6月真题 Reading Selectively Or Extensively? Outline: l有人认为读书要有选择 l有人认为应当博览群书 l我的想法 Reading Selectively Or Extensively? How should we read? Should we read selectively or extensively? Everyone has his own view. Some people think we should read selectively. They argue that with the development of modern science and technology, more and more books are published. It is impossible for us to read all the books. Whats more, there are many bad books that are poisonous to our mind, and we shouldnt read them. Since we cant read all the books and we shouldnt read bad books, we must read selectively. But others may not agree, they emphasize that todays society is not what it was. If one man has many kinds of knowledge, he will have more chances to succeed. If a man knows much in one field but knows nothing in other fields, he may be useless. Since we must have many kinds of knowledge, we must read extensively. Whos right? I think both of them have something right. But I think we should read extensively first. We should read books in many fields, and read selectively in one field. Score: 14分 Sample 2 Score: 11分 Reading Selectively Or Extensively? When it comes to reading, some people think that reading selectively is a good way, but some other people do not agree with them, they think that reading extensively is better. Those people, who think that reading selectively is better, believe that good books are as many as bad books. Those good books can give us pleasure and knowledge, while those bad books can only lead us to the wrong way. So, they suggest that we should only choose the good books to read and never touch the bad books. But, the other people, who hold that reading extensively is better, think that one kind of books can only give us one aspect of knowledge. Even the best book only contains one field of information. So, they can easily come to the conclusion that “to know more, to read more”. So they believe that reading extensively is better. To my point, we should choose good books to read and read good books as many as possible. By this way, we can increase the quality and quantity of reading. 范文1：Is Television a Blessing or a Curse? Now, it is generally accepted that television plays an important part in peoples lives. But, there is an ongoing heated discussion as to whether television is a blessing or a curse. As is often pointed out by some people, television keeps one better informed about current events, allows one to follow the latest developments in politics and science, and offers an endless series of programs which are both instructive and stimulating. The most distant countries, the strangest customs and the most attractive scenes of nature are brought right into ones room. However, other people insist that television is a curse rather than a blessing. They argue that it has brought about many serious problems. The major one is its effects on young people. They are now so used to getting their information, education and entertainment from television that their literacy as well as physical ability has been greatly weakened. Even worse than that, vulgar commercials and indecent programs may cultivate their bad tastes, distort their viewpoints towards human life to such a degree that their minds might be corrupted. In summary, television has both advantages and disadvantages. Whatever effects it has, one thing is certain, television in itself is neither good nor bad. It is the uses to which it is put that determines its value to society. 范文2. Travelling People who like travelling have their reasons. They maintain that travelling can help them expand their scope of knowledge, especially geographical and historical learning. They go on to point out that touring will provide more chance for them to enjoy food and try on clothes that they otherwise cannot possible have. Those who dislike travelling have their reasons. They would argue that travelling means a considerable amount of money and energy. For example, traffic and accommodation require money and walking while seeing sights often tires you. In practice, travelling does more good than harm. If your finance and health permit, you might as well do some travelling from time to time. It will at least enable you to get familiar with people and things that you will probably grow to like and love. 范文4. Should smoking be banned? l Should smoking be banned? Answers to this question vary greatly. Some people are in favor of the idea of smoking. They always say that it can get rid of the tiredness and make them refreshed. And they also say that giving and being given cigarettes is a sign of friendship. Therefore, they carry cigarettes with them wherever they go. l But other people consider it very harmful to peoples health. They have heard the official reports that one person in the world dies from smoking every second. And they have heard the doctors warning that smokers are more likely to have lung cancer and to increase their chances of having heart attack. In addition, smoking pollutes the air and may cause fire accidents. Thus it has become a major threat to peoples life and property. There is some truth in both arguments, but humans life and property outweighs anything else. If smoking brings us illness and death, why not have it banned by the government? Without cigarettes, cant we come up with better ways to express our friendship and to make us refreshed? 课后作业 Private Cars 写成4段的首段写法： In recent years, with fast economic growth, private cars have appeared in many families in China. Peoples attitude toward private cars varies widely. With the increase in the general standard of living, some ordinary Chinese families begin to afford a private car. Yet, peoples opinions of private cars vary from person to person/ public attitude toward it varies greatly/ widely./ is quite of the contrary./ differs sharply. In recent few years, the phenomenon/ issue/ problem of owning a private car has been brought to public attention/ in the limelight. Peoples views on/ opinions of owing a private car vary widely. 写成3段的首段写法： With the development of modern society/ science and technology, / With the improvement of peoples living standard, more and more people can own private cars. cars are entering ordinary families. the growing number of people/ people in ever increasing numbers can have access to private cars.(此句是引言) 支持段的分论点： 方便 First, private cars provide people with the most convenient form of transportation. 舒适 Second, it is comfortable for people to travel in, especially in changeable weather/ raining days/ sand storm. 炫耀 Third, only a private car can show a persons social status/ achievement/ success/ prosperity in his or her career. 否定段的主题句： However (Nonetheless/ Nevertheless/ But), there are some disadvantages of owing a private car/ Every coin has two sides. While enjoying the convenience that private cars bring us, we should not ignore the problem they create/ produce/ introduce/ make. Despite/ In spite of/ For all the advantages, they brings their own disadvantages/ problems/ negative effects Like anything else, private cars also have their own weakness/ limits. However, private cars are not without shortcomings/ faults. Yet other speak of the problems private cars have brought. They complain that However, private cars may also bring with it problems our society had not previously faced. Despite the increase in efficiency and convenience generated by private cars, the changes they bring could very well lead to potentially adverse consequences. 否定段的分论点： 占有空间 On the one hand, private cars take up/ occupy too much space. On the other hand, a driver should be careful/ cautious while driving, otherwise, car accidents are more likely to happen. 污染环境 Whats more/In addition, private cars give off/ discharge/ release CO which pollute the environment/ air. 第四段(总结段)的写法： Despite all the disadvantages mentioned above, I still think that the advantages outweigh/ are greater than the disadvantages. As for the above problem, Im sure they will be settled by the scientists in the future/ It is only a matter of time for the problems to be solved. Unquestionably, the challenge of private cars means we all should consider how we can control them, so that they will not control us. Whether the private cars are a blessing or a curse is a difficult question to answer, yet the desire for the comfort and independence a private car can bring will not be eliminated. Anyway/ Anyhow/ In any case, whether the effect is good or bad, one thing is certain: private cars have changed and will continue to change the way of our transportation, our leisure and our life. 选择题型变体逻辑结构(My View on Sth.) 选择性观点的变体的文章写作逻辑结构： Paragraph I:(1)引出将要评论的事物或者 是观点; (2)简明扼要的提出人们在这个问题 上的两种不同看法。 Paragraph II:(1)提出作者观点(本文主题句 ); (2)举例加以论证。 Paragraph III:(1)总结全文(再次强调作者 观点) 范文 My View on Fate lThere is no consensus of opinions among people as to the view of fate. Some people believe that everyone is born to a certain that he can not change, while some other people think that every man is the master of his own life. l As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion. There is a saying, “Everyone is the architect of his own future.” Which means ones fate is decided in his own hands. In fact, no one is destined to a certain fate in his or her life. Those who claim that they were born to fail or be unlucky just cant realize how much inner strength and ability they have. We must depend on ourselves to changes our lives and make us successful and happy. lLets take Helen Keller, an extraordinary American woman, for example. When she was only 19 months old, she became blind and deaf. Instead of accepting her misfortune helplessly, she showed great courage and unconquerable spirit in fighting against her destined fate and was awarded the Presidents Medal of Freedom in 1964 because of the achievements she had made for helping the blind, the deaf and the speechless. This story tells us that a wise man is always creating his own fate rather than waiting for good luck. l In conclusion, I believe that everyone is born equal and is the builder of his own fate We can have good fortune only if we take pains and work hard. We should bear the following saying in mind, “Every man is the master of his own fate.” Exercise Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary? 范文3. Is a Test of Spoken Englis