重庆科创职业学院英语精读.ppt

Unit Eight Daydream a Little Dreams Hold fast to dreams For if dreams die Life is a broken winged bird That can not fly Hold fast to dreams For when dreams go Life is a barren field Frozen with snow 梦 想 紧紧地抓住梦想 因 为如果梦想逝去 生活 就只是一只折翅的鸟 再也 不能飞翔 紧 紧地抓住梦想 因为 如果梦想消失 生活 就只是一片荒芜的土地 被寒 雪封冻 Warming-up What does “daydream” mean? Have you ever daydreamed? Can you tell us one of your daydreams? 4. How do you think of daydream? Is it a good thing or a bad thing ?Please give your reason ? Introduction We often hear parents scold their children for daydreaming. And we often hear teachers ask the question “John, are you daydreaming?” with implied criticism. People usually take a hostile attitude towards daydreaming because they think daydreaming is a waste of time and an escape from real life. Well, daydreaming can be a waste of time and it can be an escape. But daydreaming can also do us a lot of good. In the text, the author tells us some of the conclusions researchers have reached about daydreaming. 1.hostile adj 敌对的 （同义）unfriendly (反义) hospitable hostility 敌意，敌视。 be hostile to 对有敌意 例：a hostile country 敌国 The prime minister was given a hostile reception. 首相受到了不友好（有敌意的 ）接待。 2.view vt. 看待，考虑 viewas 把看作(=look upon as ) We should view things in their totaling. 我们应当看事物的全部。 3.interfere vi 干涉，妨碍 interfere in 干涉，插手 interfere with妨 碍，阻止 interference后的介词搭配与interfere的 一样。 Dont interfere with him. 不要打扰他。 Nothing will interfere ( ) our friendship of course. A. to B. with C. for D. in B interfere后面一般搭配介词with或in，但 二者含义不同。interfere in 意为“插手、 干涉”。interfere with 意为“妨碍”。此处指 “没有什么能妨碍我们的友谊”，故应选B 。 4.tense adj 紧张的 I was so tense the night before my exams that I could hardly sleep. 考前那 一晚我太紧张了，几乎没睡着觉。 5.irritable adj 易怒的，烦躁的 The old man became so irritable that none of his family dared to speak to him. 老人变得非常烦躁易怒，他的家人谁也 不敢跟他说话。 6.contribute v.贡献，起作用 contribute (sth) to /towards Everyone is called on to contribute ideas. 要求人人出主意，想办法。 7.concentration n. 专注，集中 I lost my concentration and nearly drove into a ditch. 我注意力不集中，差点把车 开到沟里去。 8.span n. 一段时间 in a short span of two years 在短短的两 年中。 9.remarkable adj 显著的，非凡的 This army is remarkable for its bravery. 这支军队以勇敢著称。 10.shape vt.形成，塑造 shape public opinion 影响（或左右）舆 论。 11.maintain vt 断言，维持 maintain sth.维持/主张 maintain +that 从句：坚持认为 He maintained that her idea was wrong. 他坚持认为她的主意是错的。 12.picture vt .想象，用图表现，（生动） 描述 pictureas把想象成 I cant picture myself as a father. 我不 大能够把自己想象成一个父亲。 picture to sb sth 把描述给某人。 picture +从句 Cant you picture how she would feel? 你不能想象一下她会觉得怎样吗？ 13.notable adj. 著名的，值得注意的 14.achiever n. 取得成就的人，胜利者 15.immeasurably adj. 无法计量地 16.drift v. 漂（流） 17.athlete n. 运动员，体育家 18.clear vt. 穿过，越过 19.vision n. 想象（力） 20.automatic adj 自动地，无意识地，机 械地 21.appropriate adj 适当的，恰如其分的 后接介词 for, to Your bright clothes are not appropriate for such a solemn occasion. 你的鲜亮的衣服与这样严肃的场合不相 称 22.purposeful adj 有目的的，有决心的 He went out with a purposeful air. 他带 着坚决的表情出去了。 23.accomplishment n.完成，成就，（复 ）造诣，技能，才艺 Being able to play the piano well is one of his many accomplishments. 24.recommend vt.建议，推荐 recommend sth to sb =recommend sb .sth. 向某人推荐 recommend doing sth.建议做某事。 recommend sb .to do sth .建议某人做 某事。 recommend +that 句型中，that从句用虚拟语 气，即谓语用动词原形式should+动词原形。 recommendation(n) 后跟的同位语从句中或表 语从句中也要用虚拟语气。 Can you recommend a good hotel to me? 你 能给我推荐一个好旅馆吗？ The teacher recommend that the training programme (should be )improved. 教师建议改 进培训方案。 25.soar vi 翱翔，升腾 The eagles soared high above the valleys. 雄鹰在峡谷的高空翱翔。 26.project vt. 映，投射。 project 作名词时后面加介词 on (onto) I had no screen, so I projected the slides onto an old white sheet. 我没有屏幕，因此就把幻灯片投影在一 条旧的白床单上。 27.attain vt.获得，达到 attain 作不及物动词讲 后加介词to attain ones goal 达到目的 attain to manhood 到达成年 28.substitute n.代替人，代用品 v代替 substitute as 以的身份来代替。 The leading singer didnt appear, and her substitute clearly didnt know her role very well. 领唱没来，而代替她的人很明显不十分清楚怎 样扮演她的角色。 We substituted red balls for blue balls, to see if the baby could notice. 我们把蓝球换成了红球以观察婴儿是否注意到 了。 29.achievement n.成就 ，达到 He has broken two world records in one day. 他一天内破了两项世界纪录。 30.after prep.（与某些动词连用）追，探 求 be after 追求，讲 run after sb 追踪某人 ask(inquire)after sb 询问某人的情况 31.neglect vt.忽视，漏做 neglect sth 忽略了 neglect to do sth 忘记了做某事 neglect ones meals and sleep 废寝忘食 Im late because I neglected to wind the clock last night. 我昨晚记了给钟上弦，所 以迟到了。 32.combination n. 结合 后面常接介词 of Her expression was a combination of guilt and dismay. 她脸上的表情既有负疚 ，又有沮丧。 33.merely adv. 仅仅，只不过 34.well-being n.康乐，安康，幸福 Different from adults, babies are only concerned with their own well-being. 与成人不同，婴儿只关心自己的康乐。 35.vacation n.假期 be on vacation 在渡假 36.realm n. 领域，王国 the realm of literature and art 文学艺术领域 。 An independent realm 独立王国 37.enjoyment n. 享乐，乐趣 take enjoyment in sth 享受（欣赏）. I didnt get much enjoyment out of that book. 我从那本书里并没得到多少乐趣。 Take enjoyment in music 欣赏音乐。 1. Amount to Amount to 总计、等于。 相当于be equal to. To为介词。 例句（1）The separate numbers amount to 500. 这些单个数字加起来总计五百。 （2）His answer amounted to a refual. 他的回答等于是拒绝。 2. get along with 和某人相处愉快 Does your wife get along with your mother? 你妻子和你母亲处得好吗？ He gets along well with his colleagues. 他和同事关系非常融洽。 He is good-tempered and easy ( ). A. to get along withB. to get alongC. getting along withD. getting along with others. A 分 析： 这是系动词be + adj. + 动词 不定式做补语的句型，故C、D不可选。“ 与他人友好相处”的英文对应词组是“get along with”。其along为副词，with才是用 来连接宾语的介词，如省掉，词组结构不 完整， 同样的例句还有：I have no room to live (in).此句中的in也不可省。 3. due to 由于、因为和born of,because of 相似 Their in creasing profits is due to their innovative market strategy. 他们利润的增长归功于其富有创新精神 的市场战略。 4. come true 愿望的实现，主语通常是被 实现的东西，而不是人。 Wish (May) all your dreams come true 祝你美梦成真。 His childish wish to become a scientist has come true at last. 他童年想成为科学家的愿望终于实现了。 5. go about 相当于以前学过的undertake, 着手做,后面可接n或doing sth 或 to do sth 前着意为“尝试做某事”，“后者意为 努力做某事”。 （1）I want to make a dress ,but l dont know how to go about it 我想做件衣服，但不知道该怎样着手做。 （2）How do you go about building a boat? 你怎样着手造一条船。 Text Analysis Daydreaming has always had a bad reputation, but now scientific research has revealed that daydreaming may actually improve your mental health and creativity. It can even help you achieve your desired goals. 白日梦的名声一直不好但目前科学研究 已发现，白日梦实际上可以增进精神健康，激 发创造力，甚至还可以帮你实现你的目标 reveal: v. 泄露，揭露 e.g. to reveal a secret /ones identity 揭露一个秘密/身分 “Daydreaming again, Barb? Youll never amount to anything if you spend your time that way! Cant you find something useful to do?” Many youngsters have heard words like those from their parents. And until recently this hostile attitude towards daydreaming was the most common one. Daydreaming was viewed as a waste of time. Or it was considered an unhealthy escape from real life and its duties. But now some people are taking a fresh look at daydreaming. Some think it may be a very healthy thing to do. “又在白日做梦啦，巴勃？你要是老 这样消磨时间，你将一事无成！难道你 就不能找点有益的事做吗？”许多年轻 人都听到他们的父母讲过类似的话。直 到最近，这种对白日做梦的敌视态度仍 是人们最常见的态度。白日做梦被视为 浪费时间，或被看成是逃避现实生活及 其责任的一种不健康的倾向。但现在有 人对此持一种新的见解。有些人认为， 白日做梦或许是一件十分有益于健康的 事情。 v Youll never amount to anything if : -Youll never become successful (or make any achievement) in life if 要是你将一事无成！ amount to: develop into 发展成；共计，总共；相当于,实际是 e.g. If you go on like this, youll never amount to anything. His debts amount to five thousand dollars. This amounts to a refusal. vhostile: adj. unfriendly; showing a great amount of dislike 敌对的，不友好的 e.g. Ever since I got better marks than Parker, he has been hostile totowards me. 自从我比派克得分高以后，他就对我 不 友好了。 vviewas: think ofas; regardas 认为是; 把当作 e.g. Computers are viewed as a great technological improvement that saves people much time and energy. She viewed what he said as an insult. vBut now some people are taking a fresh look at daydreaming.: -But now some people are looking at daydreaming from a new point of view. 但现在有人对此持一种新的见解 Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. Once it was thought that nighttime dreams interfered with our needed rest. But then researchers tried interrupting the dreams of sleepers. They learned that sleepers who arent allowed to dream lose the benefits of rest. They become tense and anxious. They become irritable. They have trouble concentrating. Their mental health is temporarily damaged. To feel well again, they must be allowed to dream. 人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变，这 与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常 相似之处。人们曾一度以为夜间做梦干 扰我们所需的休息。后来，研究人员设 法打断睡眠者的梦。他们获悉不让睡眠 者做梦，他们反而得不到有益的休息。 这些人变得紧张不安，烦躁易怒。他们 的注意力难以集中。他们会暂时在精神 上受到损害。要恢复健康，就得让他们 做梦。 vAttitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that attitudes towards night dreaming have changed.: -Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way in which attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变，这与人 们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处 。 in much the same way that： just as 正如 e.g. The earth revolves around the sun in much the same way that the moon travels around the earth. Finterfere with: be an obstacle to, hinder, affect 干扰，妨碍 e.g. Dont interfere with him. Hes preparing for the final exams. 他在为期末考试作准备,不要打扰他。 to interfere in sb.s private affairs 干涉某人的私事 vresearchers tried interrupting the dreams of sleepers.: -researchers carried out experiments in which they interrupted the dreams of sleepers. 研究人员设法打断睡眠者的梦 try + doing make an experiment by doing sth; do sth. to see what will happen 尝试做 e.g. Why dont you try doing it some other way? try + to do make an effort; attempt to do sth. difficult 尽力做 e.g. I once tried to learn French, but without much success. Ill try to get this done by 5 oclock. Now researchers are finding that daydreaming may also be important to mental health. Daydreaming, they tell us, is a good means of relaxation. But its benefits go beyond this. A number of psychologists have conducted experiments and have reached some surprising conclusions. 如今研究人员正发现白日做梦对人 的精神可能也有重要的影响。他们说， 白日做梦是一种很好的休息方式。其好 处还不止于此。一些心理学家已经进行 过试验，并得出一些令人吃惊的结论。 Fgo /be beyond: exceed, be more than 超出 e.g. The results have gone beyond our hopes. 结果超出了我们的希望。 The price went beyond my means, I can not afford it. 价格超出了我的支付能力，我买不起 。 vconducted experiments: carried out / made / performed/do experiments vhave reached some surprising conclusions. have come to / arrived at some surprising conclusions Dr. Joan T. Freyberg has concluded that daydreaming contributes to intellectual growth. It also improves concentration, attention span, and the ability to get along with others, she says. In an experiment with school children, this same researcher found that daydreaming led the children to pay more attention to detail. They had more happy feelings. They worked together better. Another researcher reported that daydreaming seemed to produce improved self-control and creative abilities. 琼T弗赖伯格博士得出结论说，白日 做梦有助于智力的发展。她说，白日做 梦还能使人更加专注，延长注意力集中 的时间，并改善与别人相处的能力。在 对上学的儿童进行的一项试验中，这位 研究人员还发现白日做梦使孩子们更加 注意细节。他们的精神更加愉快。他们 相互间合作得更好。另一名研究人员报 告说，白日做梦似乎能改善自我克制力 与创造力。 Fcontribute to: help to bring about, give help towards 有助于，对有贡献 e.g. Im sure your suggestions will contribute to solving the problem. The new policy contributes largely to the commercial growth of the country. Fget along / on with: have a friendly relationship with sb. 相处，生活 e.g. How are you getting along with your neighbors? lead sb. to (sth. / do sth.) lead to sth. e.g. He led us to his home. 他把我们带到他家。 All roads lead to Rome. 谚条条道路通罗马。 His actions lead me to distrust him. But thats only part of the story. The most remarkable thing about daydreaming may be its usefulness in shaping our future lives as we want them to be. Industrialist Henry J. Kaiser believed that much of his success was due to the positive use of daydreaming. He maintained that “you can imagine your future.” Florence Nightingale dreamed of becoming a nurse. The young Thomas Edison pictured himself as an inventor. For these notable achievers, it appears that their daydreams came true. 但这些仅是一部分情况。有关白日 做梦的最引人注目的事情，或许是它在 按我们自己的意愿创造未来生活方面所 起的有益作用。工业家亨利J凯泽相信 ，他的成功相当程度上应归功于积极利 用白日做梦。他坚持说，“你尽可以想 象自己的未来。”佛洛伦斯南丁格尔曾 梦想成为护士。年轻的托马斯爱迪生也 曾把自己想象成一位发明家。对这些著 名的成功者来说，似乎他们的白日做梦 统统变成了现实。 vBut thats only part of the story.: -But what is said above is only part of the benefits of the daydreaming. 但这些仅是一部分情况。 vstory: refers to a situation or state of affairs in many phrases 情形, 情况 e.g. It is another story now. 现在情形不同了。 The outside of the building is beautifully decorated, but its not the same story inside. vThe most remarkable thing about daydreaming may be its usefulness in shaping our future lives as we want them to be. 有关白日做梦的最引人注目的事 情，或许是它在按我们自己的意愿创 造未来生活方面所起的有益作用。 shape: v. influence and determine the course or form of 形成，塑造 e.g. His attitudes were shaped partly by early experiences. 他的想法在一定程度上是由有早期的 经历决定的。 shape: n. 形状 in shape 健康 out of shape 不健康；变形 in the shape of 以的形式 e.g. a garden in the shape of semicircle in the shape of letter Fdue to: caused by 因为；由引起；由于 e.g. Her illness was due to bad food. 她的病是坏了的食物造成的。 John didnt attend the meeting due to his illness. 约翰没有出席会议，因为他病了。 Florence Nightingale (1820-1910) Thomas Edison (1847-1931) A famous American inventor, is best known for the intention of the phonograph （留声机 ） or the record player (1877) and the electric light bulb (1879). Edison patented more than 1100 inventions in 60 years. So he was probably the greatest inventor in history. Dr. Harry Emerson Fosdick believed that the way we picture ourselves is often the way we turn out. He offered this advice: “Hold a picture of yourself in your minds eye, and you will be drawn toward it. Picture yourself vividly as defeated, and that alone will make victory impossible. Picture yourself as winning, and that will contribute immeasurably to success. Do not picture yourself as anything, and you will drift” 哈里埃默森福斯迪克博士相信，我 们想象自己成为什么样的人，结果往往 就成为什么样的人。他劝告说，“在你 的心目中树立起一个你自己的形象 ，这样，你就会向这个形象靠拢。倘使 你把自己惟妙惟肖地想象成一个失败者 ，单这一点就会使胜利化为泡影。你若 把自己想象成一个胜利者，这将对你的 成功起到不可估量的作用。如果你心目 中没有一个确立的形象，你就会随波逐 流 vthe way we picture ourselves is often the way we turn out.: -what we imagine ourselves to be is often what we become in the end. 我们想象自己成为什么样的人，结果往 往就成为什么样的人。 vHold a picture of yourself, and you will Picture yourself vividly, and that alone will: Here the imperative(祈使句) ( followed by and) is used in a special way in which it is similar to an if-clause: “If you hold a picture of yourself you will.” e.g. Read this article, and you will know what has happened to him. Take this medicine, and you will recover soon. vDo not picture yourself as anything, and you will drift: -If you do not form a picture of what you are going to be in the future, you will go along without a definite purpose in life 如果你心目中没有一个确立的形象， 你就会随波逐流 vdrift: v. go along without knowing or caring where one is going 漂（流）; 漫无目的地漂泊 e.g. The boat drifted down the river. Some people have a purpose in life, others just drift. The experiences of some athletes seem to confirm this belief. For instance, John Uelses, a former pole-vaulting champion, used daydreaming techniques before each meet. He would imagine himself winning. He would vividly picture himself clearing the bar at a certain height. He would go over all the details in his mind. He would picture the stadium and the crowds. Hes even imagine the smell of the grass and the earth. He said that this exercise of the imagination left memory traces in his mind that would later help his actual performance. 一些运动员的经历似乎证实了这种看 法。例如，前撑竿跳冠军约翰尢尔塞斯 每次比赛前都使用白日做梦的技术。他 想象自己赢得胜利。他逼真地想象自己 在某一高度是怎样越过横竿的。他会把 所有的细节一一地在脑海里审察一遍。 他会想象到体育场和观众的情景。他甚 至想象出草坪和泥土发出的气味。他说 ，这种想象力的运用在脑子里留下记忆 痕。这些记忆痕将有助于他的临场发挥 。 pole-vaulting In pole-vaulting, the athlete attempts to clear(越过) a high crossbar with the aid of a flexible pole, generally from 4 to 5 meters long, and usually made of fiberglass(玻璃纤维) , which replaced bamboo or metal in the 1960s. stadium Why would a mental vision of success help produce real success? Dr. Maxwell Maltz, a surgeon and author, says this: “Your nervous system cannot tell the difference between an imagined experience and a real experience. In either case it reacts automatically to information that you give it. It reacts appropriately to what you think or imagine to be true.” 为什么脑子里的一个成功形象会有 助于取得实际的成功？身为外科医生 兼作家的马克斯韦尔莫尔茨博士是这 样解释的：“你的精神系统不能区别想 象的经历和实际的经历。无论哪种情 况，它都自动地对你给的信息作出反 应它对你信以为真或想象为实的 情况作出恰当的反应。” nervous system 精神系统 Nervous systems are those elements within the animal organism that are concerned with the reception of stimuli(刺激 ), the transmission of nerve impulses, or the activation of muscle mechanisms. He believes that purposeful daydreaming builds new “memories” in the brain. These positive memories improve a persons self-image. And self- image has an important effect on a persons actions and accomplishments. 他相信，有目的的白日做梦在脑 子里建立起新的“记忆”。这些积极的 记忆可以改善一个人的自我形象。而 自我形象对一个人的行动和成就有着 重要的影响。 veffect: n.效果, 作用, 影响 e.g. Alcoholic drink can have a bad effect on your body. 含酒精的饮料会对你身体有很坏的影响。 The old system is still in effect. 旧制度仍有效。 The contract takes effect from October 1. 本合同从十月一日起生效。 affect: vt.影响, 感动 Can you use purposeful daydreaming to shape your own future? Why not try? Here is how those who believe in creative daydreaming recommend going about it. Choose a time when you can be alone and undisturbed. Close your eyes, to permit your imagination to soar more freely. Many people find that they get best results by pretending that they are sitting before a large screen. They project the desired image of themselves onto that screen. 你会利用有意识的白日做梦来创造自 己的前程吗？你不妨试一试。下面是那 些相信白日做梦的创造性的人推荐的方 法。选一个你能独自一人不受打扰的时 间。闭上你的眼睛，让你的想象力更加 自由地翱翔。许多人发现，如果假想自 己坐在一个大屏幕前，则可以获得最佳 效果。他们可以将自己的理想的形象放 映到这个屏幕上。 vWhy not try? -Why dont you h