2010年高考英语语法名词性从句.doc

2010年高考英语语法-名词性从句1.陈述句作句子成分，陈述句前要加that. That English is important is undoubted fact. Ive learned that love, not time heals all wounds. My idea is that the child should be sent to school. The fact that he succeeded in the experiment pleased everybody. that=指路牌, 即它后面紧接的句子要作为另外一个句子的某一个成分来使用，不是要表达的核心信息。 The criminal confessed his sins harmed many people. The criminal confessed that his sins harmed many people. 这名罪犯承认，他的罪行伤害了很多人。（有没有that， He said no word at the meeting was strange. He said that no word at the meeting was strange. That he said no word at the meeting was strange. That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. That the plates are moving is not beyond dispute. My concern is that the child should be sent to school.2.一般疑问句作句子成分，用whether 或if引导 Whether he will come to my party makes no difference to me. I dont know if/whether he needs my help. My question is whether people will live on the moon someday. Scientists have argued over the question whether there is life on other planets. if 还是whether? (1).if一般只引导宾语从句，而whether可引导包括宾语从句在内的其他名词性从句。 (2).if不和or not连用，即一般不说if or not。但是可说ifor not.而whether 没有此限制。3. 特殊疑问句作句子成分 Why dinosaurs became extinct is still a mystery. I dont know how many letters there are in the English alphabet. Money is what we are badly in need of. There arose the question where we could get the loan. 特殊疑问词作主语，无需调整句子语序 Who will chair the meeting? Who will chair the meeting has not yet been decided.名词性从句引导词（连接词）：1)连接词：that, whether, if, as if. that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略;if (whether), as if虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。 2).连接副词：when, where, why, how。有词义, 在从句中担任成分，作状语。 3).连接代词：who, whose, whom, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever等,有词义， 在从句或中担任成分,如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。 主语从句 引导词: 连词that (that 不可省),whether, if; 代词有who, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever; 副词when ,where, how, why. 请在下列例句中的从句下划线, 并分析从句的句子成分。1.that引导 That the plates are moving is beyond dispute. That she will succeed is certain. That mathematics is the base of other science is known to us all.That he won the game made a tremendous stir(轰动) in our country.That theory must go hand in hand with practice is a principle we should always keep in mind. 注意：(1)引导主语从句的that无意义,但不可省。(2)that引导的主语从句常常后置，用it作形式主语。关于主语从句的后置见第8点。2. whether引导 Whether he will come or not hasnt been decided. Whether it will do us harm or good remains to be seen. Whether one can succeed depends on how hard he works. It is doubtful whether/if he will come. 注意：位于句首的主语从句不用if引导。 3.what, whatever引导的主语从句 What she did after that is not clear to us. Whatever is worth doing is worth doing well. 4. who, whoever, whom, whomever引导的主语从句 Who will teach us English next term has not been told yet. Whoever leaves the office should tell me. Whom you invite is up to you. Who(m)ever you invite will be welcome.5.which, whichever引导的主语从句 Which is the best of all those ways is uncertain. Which of the three forms a substance will take depends on the kind of substance and on its volumes, temperatures and pressure. Whichever you want is yours. Whichever of you comes in first will receive a prize.6. 限定词whose, what, which+名词(构成名词短语)引导的主语从句，这个名词短语在主语从 句中作主语，宾语和表语(主语补语) Whose carelessness spoilt the work must be made clear. Whose fault it is is quite clear now. What motive he could have had is not clear to us. Which design is the best must be tried in practice.7. when ,where, how, why引导主语从句 When he will go to America is not yet fixed. Where we should build the gas factory is being discussed. When and where the meeting will take place has not been decided yet. How he managed to finished the job is of interest to us all. How we see ourselves as we try a new way of being is essential to our ability to grow. How the telephone was invented was a long history. How much water vapor(水蒸汽) can stay in the air depends upon the temperature of the air. Why he did it will remain a puzzle for ever.8.主语从句的后置（以it作形式主语） It + be + 形容词 主语从句 It is certain that she will succeed.注意从句动词形式 It is essential that all the facts be examined. It is necessary that he come back without delay. It was quite clear that the crime had been done deliberately. It is desirable that we should read the instructions of the instruments in advance. 这种句型常有的形容词有： It is apparent that It is obvious that It is evident that It is plain that It is clear that It is possible that It is quite likely that It is impossible that It is quite unlikely that It is strange that It is amazing that It is surprising that It is disturbing that It is advisable that It is desirable that It is preferable that It is appropriate that It is available that It is reasonable that It is natural that It is worth while that It is nice that It is good that It is satisfactory that It is too bad that It is essential that It is imperative that It is important that It is necessary that It is probable that It is doubtful that It is questionable that It is (un)certain that It is true that It is notable that It is noteworthy that It is fortunate that 该句型中的主语从句除用that引导外，还可以用whether, if, 连接代词或连接副词引导： It is doubtful whether/if he will come.（主语从句如果后置,就可以使用if） It is uncertain whether his family was originally Britain or American. It is not clear how accurate the results are. It is still open to question who is to head the group. It was clear enough what she meant. It is uncertain why he denied the charge.It + be + 名词 主语从句 It is a good thing that we do morning exercises. It is a truth that theory comes from practice. It is common practice that electric wires are made from copper.这种句型中的主语从句也可以用连接代词或连接副词引导。 It is not my business how she chooses to live. It is still a question when we shall have our sports meet.这种句型中的名词有： It is common knowledge that It is a surprise that . It is a fact that It is a pity that It is good news that It is a wonder that It is no wonder that It is a shame that It is an honor that It is a common observation that It is a disappointment that It is a general rule that It is common practice that It is a mystery to sb. that Its no harm that.注意： It is no wonder that中的it is 可以省略。 No wonder that he didnt want to go. No wonder that they were discontent and indignant. It + be + -ed分词 主语从句 It has been pointed out that their suggestion is reasonable to a certain degree. It has not been found out what particular properties this kind of alloy(合金) has. It is not yet known whether they will send a delegation to the conference, but we hope they will. It has been announced when the plane is to take off. It is believed that It is known to us all that . It can be seen that It can not be denied that It has been illustrated that. It has been objected that It has been reviewed that It has not been tried whether It is mentioned that It has been decided that It is not decided that It is reported that It must be pointed out that It is to be discussed that It has been proved that It is estimated that It is to be noted that It is universally believed that It is announced that It can safely be said that It must be admitted that It can thus be concluded that It + 不及物动词 主语从句 It happened that I wasnt there that day. It seems that the new method is successful. It follows that not all substances are good conductors of electricity. It goes without saying that plants can not grow without sunlight. It appears that It happens that . It occurred to sb. that It suddenly struck me that It seems that It turned out that It stands to reason that It follows that It goes without saying that其他 It doesnt matter It makes no difference that It doesnt make too much difference that It doesnt need to be bothered that It is of little consequence that It is of great importance E.g. It evidently made no difference whether I was there to look after things or not.9. 从句作主语时，主谓一致问题：That they will come (be) certain.What he wants (be) these books.What he wants (be)some water.What I say and what I think (be) my own affair.What he is doing and whether I know him (be)two different things. What she told me and what she told you (be)totally different things.How you got there ( do not )concern me. What were supposed to be new proposals (be) in fact modifications of earlier ones. What was once a palace (be) now a pile of rubble .What were thought to be five dogs (be) actually five sheep. What she told me (be) none of your business.What ideas he has (be) his wifes. What I need buy now (be) four tea cups and a pair of sports shoes. 宾语从句1.宾语从句在句中不同位置 1）Ive learned that love, not time, heals all wounds. Ive learned that everyone you meet deserves to be greeted with a smile. Ive learned that theres nothing sweeter than sleeping with your babies and feeling their breath on your cheeks. 2）I assure you that I had no intention of offending you. 3）Prof. Lees book will show you how what you have observed can be used in other contexts. 4）They gave who came to the meeting a pamphlet. 5）I find the best way to concentrate is to make notes on what the teachers are saying. 6）There is disagreement among economists about what money is and how money is measured. 7）We believe it true that the human body is also a kind of good conductor. 8）We must make it clear that the parties involved are to make every effort to curb the pollution. （治理污染）2. that一般起“指路牌”作用，所以一般情况下不省略。 1)I once read that the beauty of life is its changes and that the art of life lies in a constant readjustment to our surroundings . 我曾经读到过这样一句话：“生活的魅力在于变化，而生活的艺术在于不断地适应周围环 境的变化。” 2)For various reasons, many women are emotionally needy, and they sometimes seek sex outside of marriage to confirm that they are okay, that they are beautiful and desirable, that they are sexy, and that somebody loves them for the real women they are rather than for their cooking, housecleaning and child-rearing abilities. 出于种种原因，许多女人缺少感情上的慰藉，她们有时候寻找婚外性伴侣以证明自己还 不错、 挺漂亮、富于魅力并且很性感。她们需要证明，男人爱她们是因为她们本人而不 是因为她们的 烹饪、理家以及照顾孩子的能力。 同位语从句 同位语从句在句中作某些名词的同位语，这些名词常见的有，fact, news, hope, truth, idea, suggestion, thought, question, order, problem, belief, doubt, fear等。引导同位语从句的连词通常有that和whether, what, why, how等。 They expressed the hope that they would come over to visit China again. We all know the truth that the earth goes round the sun. They asked me the question whether the work was worth doing. They problem whether it is right or wrong has not yet been decided. I have no idea where he lives.试比较：（同位语从句还是定语从句？） He put forward the suggestion that the second question should be discussed first. The suggestion that he had put forward was turn down. The news that the plane would take off on time made everybody happy. The news that is spreading around the airport is that a heavy storm is coming. The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering. The suggestion that they are considering is that students should learn something practical.同位语从句句型（一）：名词+that+从句 They expressed the hope that they would come over to