定语位置顺序规律文档.doc

英语中定语位置的10条规律在英语表达中，一个名词常常会有一个或多个形容词或名词做定语来说明其性质、特征、用途等。考生在解答与这种语言现象有关的题目时，常不知道怎样确定多个定语的排列顺序。本文拟从九个方面予以探讨性解答，以资备考。一、前位限定词总在前面。前位限定词指many，much，any，some，no，(a)little，(a)few等表示数量的形容词，数词one，two，three以及形容词性的物主代词my，his，her， ， 还有all，both，every等不定代词。如：1.many Chinese students2.3.two exciting days4.5.my favorite English songs6.二、主观词+客观词。说话人对事物主观性评价的定语在前，客观性评价的定语在后。如：1.our great powerful motherland，2.3.the beautiful large garden,4.5.a comfortable bright meeting-room,6.7.any lovely clever children8.三、序数词+基数词。碰到数词定语时，一般地，序数词在前，基数词在后。如：1.the first three newcomers,2.3.the last few weeks4.5.一How was your recent visit to Qingdao?It was greatWe visited 8 friends, and spent thedays at the seaside 6.Afew last sunny B1ast few sunnyC1ast sunny few Dfew sunny hst答案B。四、少音节词+多音节词。当几个形容词同时修饰一个名词时，还可以根据行文习惯，通过音节的多少来确定定语的顺序。如：1)an old exalting story2)my new Australian friend3)two tall strong-looking policemen4)a good effective method.五、(制作)方式+材料+用途。当有几个名词做定语时，常以这种方式排列。如：1)a handmade wood chair2)a newly-built stone store house六、“县官行令杀国才”。该谐音语中的“县”指前位“限定词”，“官”指冠词，“行”指表示事物形状(大小、长短、高矮等)的词，“令”指表示人或事物的年龄、新旧的词，“杀”为“色”的谐音，指表示色彩的词，“国”指国家、地区(产地)的词，“才”指(制作的)材料。如：1.all the long old white stone bridges2.3.a high old grey stone building4.5.her lovely children6.应注意的是在运用中不一定这几个定语同时出现，但顺序却是不变的。如：1.all the long bridges2.3.the old white walls4.5.the widest Chinese river6.7.a newly built Japanese factory8.七、由such，so等构成的特殊短语做定语时，常有下列句型：(1)suchwhatquite +a(an)+adj.+ n(2)sotoohowas+ adj. +a(an)+ n.(3)亦可有句型：a(an)+quiterather+ adj. a(n)+ n),如：1.It is such a beautiful day，isnt it?2.3.How beautiful a country China is!4.5.You are as brave a boy as the little hero, arent you?6.7.It was quite a cold day(a quite cold day)8.八、定语后置情况。(1)不定代词的定语要后置。如：1.Is there anything nice recently?2.3.The boy found something strange in that room4.(2)副词做定语要后置。某些表示地点、方位、时间的副词作定语时，通常要后置。常见作后置定语的副词有：back, here, there, above, below,，abroad，in，out，before，yesterday，downstairs, upstairs等等。如：1)I bought it on my wayhome.Whoelsewants to try?2)The peoplethereare very polite to visitors.3) The airhereis very fresh. 这儿的空气很新鲜。4) Listen to the tape and fill in the correct information in the spacebelow.5)The peoplethereare very friendly. 那里的人们非常友好。6) The child was lost in the crowd and couldnt find the wayback.那个孩子在人群中迷路了，找不到回去的路了。7) When do you think the inventions in the picturesabovewere made? 你认为上面图片里的物体是什么时候发明的？8)The mandownstairsgot home very late that night.楼下的那个人那天晚上回来得很晚。9)It had been fine the daybefore. 前一天的天气很好。10)Please fetch me the electric shaver from the room downstairs.请帮我把楼下房间里的电动剃须刀拿来。11)It is for the people on the floors.（3）短语构成的定语要后置。如：1.Ive got a letter to type out2.3.Hes such a maneasy to get along with4.(4)以a一开头的形容词常做表语，做定语时后置。常用形容词有alone，alive，awake，asleep等。如：1.There stood a high toweralone on the bank of the lake2.3.The boy caught a strange fishalive in the pond now.4.九、由数字构成的复合形容词做定语。如：1.She has an eight-year-old brother(前置定语)2.3.She has a brother of eight years old(后置定语)4.5.They built a five-hundred-meter-long bridge over the river6.7.They built a bridge of five hundred metres over the river8.应当注意的是，有连字符时前置，不管数字是多少，名词要用单数，后置定语时去掉连字符，名词用复数。巩固性小练习1）Theres with my watchIll have it repairedAanything wrongBsomething wrongCwrong anythingDwrong something2）The_policemen are very kind to the visitorsABritish tall youngBBritish young tallCtall British youngDtall young British3）Helen is reading_story when the teacher carne secretly close to her deskAa detective old excitingBan old detective excitingCan old exciting detectiveDan exciting old detective答案：B D C参考文后：定语后置现象小结:十、名词做定语应注意的问题1）名词用做定语时，通常以单数形式出现(即使这个作定语的名词有复数意义也是这样)。例如：book store(书店)tooth brush(牙刷)newspaper reportertraffic lights(交通灯)coffee cup(咖啡杯)gold watch(金表)stone bridges (石桥)winter vacation(寒假) night school(夜校)枷friend(女朋友) work plan(T作计划)2）有些总是以复数形式出现的名词，在用做定语时，也往往用其单数形式。例如：trouser pocket(裤兜)trouser legs裤腿a trouser factory裤子工厂shoe shop(鞋店)shoelace鞋带shoemaker制补鞋工人, 鞋铺老板3）但是sports，goods，customs，arms，savings和accounts等名词做定语时，仍用复数形式。例如：sports meet运动会customs officer 海关官员goods-train 货车savings bank储蓄银行4）一些以 cs结尾的单数名词做定语时，词尾不变；一些以一S结尾的单数名词用做定语时，仍用原来形式，词尾不变。例如：politics professor 政治教授physics teacher物理教师news reporter新闻指导员5）当数词与单位名词一起用做定语时，单位名词应用单数形式。例如：five miles-a five-mile walktwo hours- a two-hour planfifteen yearsa fifteen-year-old boythirty poundsa thirty-pound note注意：名词做形容词表示单位用单数形式。例如：a ninestorey building一座九层大楼two twenty-inch rulers两把二英尺长的尺子6）man和woman作定语若将man, woman置于名词前作定语，则man, woman的数应与其后名词的数一致。如：a woman teacher 一位女教师two women teachers 两位女教师a woman doctor女医生two women doctors两位女医生a woman athlete; 女运动员；two women athletes; 两位女运动员；a woman electrician. 女电工技师two women electricians. 两位女电工技师a man cook (men cooks) 男厨师十一、定语后置现象小结:定语大多放在被修饰中心词的前面，但也存在不少的后置现象，一）形容词作后置定语的几种情况1. 当形容词修饰由 any-, every-, no-, some- 和 -body,-one, -thing 等构成的复合不定代词时，形容词需要后置。2. 当形容词修饰起名词作用的 anywhere ， somewhere 时，通常后置。3. 以 -able 或 -ible 结尾的形容词一般充当后置定语，表示暂时的特征或现象，而且中心名词前大多有形容词最高级或 all, only, every 等。4. 以字母 a- 开头的表语形容词，如 asleep, awake, afraid, afloat, alive 等作定语时，通常后置。5. else 修饰疑问代词时，须后置。6. 当形容词前有 so, more, most 等词修饰时，常后置。7. 形容词短语通常后置，其功能相当于一个定语从句。8. 两个或两个以上的形容词用 and 或