高考语法专项名词从句课件.ppt

高考语法专项 名词性从句 高中学部英语 贵州省纳雍县雍安育才高级中学：张怀忠 台湾属于中国。 Taiwan belongs to China. 我们都知道台湾属于中国。 We all know that Taiwan belongs to China. 事实是台湾属于中国。 The truth is that Taiwan belongs to China. 台湾属于中国是地球人都知道的。 That Taiwan belongs to China is known to all. 我们都知道这个事实台湾属于中国。 We all know the truth that Taiwan belongs to China . 谓语动词之后：宾语从句 系动词之后:表语从句 动词之前：主语从句 抽象名词之后：同位语从句 一一 定义：名词性从句是指可以像名词一样在从句中充当主语，定义：名词性从句是指可以像名词一样在从句中充当主语， 宾语，表语，同位语的从句。因此根据它在句中不同的语法功宾语，表语，同位语的从句。因此根据它在句中不同的语法功 能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和 同位语从句。同位语从句。 二二 名词性从句的基本形式名词性从句的基本形式 “连接词连接词+ +正常陈述句语序正常陈述句语序” egeg. . That light travels in straight linesThat light travels in straight lines is known to is known to all.all. This is This is what we are looking forwhat we are looking for. . 随堂练习（随堂练习（T or FT or F）：）： How was he successful is still a puzzle. ( )How was he successful is still a puzzle. ( ) How he was successful is still a puzzle. ( )How he was successful is still a puzzle. ( ) F T Could you tell me where he lives? ( ) Could you tell me where does he live? ( ) T F 高考链接 （2006 上海春）These shoes look very good. I wonder _. A. how much cost they B. how much do they cost C. how much they cost D. how much are they cost （2010 上海 37）When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know _. A. he is entering which lane B. which lane he is entering C. is he entering which land D. which lane is he entering 三 名词性从句的连接词 连接词连接词是否在从句子充当成分 从属 连词 that不充当成分，仅起连接作用 whether， if 不充当成分，但有中文含义“是否” 连接 代词 what, which主语，宾语，表语，定语 who主语，表语 whom宾语 连接 副词 when时间状语 where地点状语 why原因状语 how方式状语 1 That he will succeed is certain. It is certain that he will succeed. 2 Whether he will go there is not known. It is not known whether he will go there. 3 When the meeting will be held has not been decided yet. It has not been decided yet when the meeting will be held. 为避免主语冗长,句子头 重脚轻,经常用it作形式 主语,主语从句放在后面 作真正的主语。 主语从句 在句中做主语的名词性从句成为主语从句 常考点清单 一 一 that从句作主语时，常用it做形式主语，常见句型： (1) It + be + 形容词(likely/possible/important/clear /necessary/true/certain )+ that从句 eg. It is certain that she will do well in her exam. (2) It + be + 名词词组(no wonder/an honor/a good thing/a pity/no surprise)+ that从句 eg. Its no surprise that our team has won the game. (3) It + be + 过去分词(said/reported/thought/expected/decided) + that从句 eg. It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing. 二 主语从句与主句谓语动词一致性问题 (1) 单个主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 When the meeting will be held has not been decided yet. when and where we shall meet has not been decided yet. when they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet. (2) 由and连接两个或两个以上连接词引导同一个主语从句时，谓语 动词用单数。 (3) 由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句做主语时谓语动词用复数 。 结论：主语从句做主语时谓语动词用单数还是复数取决于有几个主 语从句而非几个连接词。 高考链接 (1)（2009 天津 7）It is obvious to the students _ they should get well prepared for their future. as B. which C. whether D. that (2)(2008 上海)It has been proved _ eating vegetable in childhood helps to protect you against serious illness in later life. A. when B. that C. whether D. what (3)(2006 辽宁)_makes the shop different is that it offers more personal services. What B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoever (4)(2002 上海春)_fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect. What B. That C. This D. Which (5)(2003 上海)It is pretty well understood _ control the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today. that B. when C. what D. how prep. v. She sensed that she was being watched. Polly didnt know which way she should go. Im interested in who that tall man is. There was a discussion about whether Polly had found the blind man. He was disappointed that he failed to get the master degree(硕士学位). Are you sure that youll get there in time? 宾语从句：当名词性从句在复合句中做谓语动词，非谓语 动词，形容词和介词的宾语时被称为宾语从句。 adj. 宾语从句 常考点清单 二 一 it 做形式宾语的情况 在可以接复合宾语的动词之后，如think, make, consider, find等， 可以用it做形式宾语。”think/make/consider/find + it + that -clause” eg.他应当改进他的发音，我们认为这是必要的。 We consider that he should improve his pronunciation necessary. We consider it necessary that he should improve his pronunciation. 他不会屈服的，这一点他已经明确表示了。 He has made it clear that he will not give up. 二 that在宾语从句中的省略与保留。 （1）在主+谓+it (形式宾语) +宾补+that从句(真正宾语) 的句型中 不省略 We must make it clear that we do not tell lies. （2）由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中,第二个that 不 省略。 He told me (that) he would come and that he would come on time. 三 介词后的that宾语从句 （1）that从句一般不能充当介词宾语，但可以做except，in 的宾语 。 eg. He is a good student except that he is a little bit careless. 他是一个好学生，就是有点儿粗心。 He differed from his classmates in that he devoted his spare time to reading. 他和他的同学不同的地方在于他把课余时间用在读书上。 （2）其他介词后需要用that做宾语时，必须用it做形式主语。 eg. You may depend/count on it that I shall always help you. 你要相信我会一直帮助你的。 Please see to it that (make sure that) you bring enough money when you go out. 出门时，务必带够钱。 高考链接 (1)（2006 湖南）With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased _ he was a man of action. A. which B. that C. what D. whether (2) (2008 浙江) Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from _ their parents speak at home. A. what B. that C. which D. one (3)(2004 全国) We cannot figure out _ quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out. A. that B. as C. why D. when (4)(2007 湖南） Having checked the doors were closed, and _ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom. A. why B. that C. when D. where My question is whether Polly can find her way home. Thats because there is a big thick fog. He looked as if he was going to cry. 表语从句 放在连系动词之后的名词性从句。对主语进行解释说明。 常考点清单 三 一 当主句的主语是reason时，表语从句的连接词常用that，不用 because; 句型：“ The reason is that”。 eg. The reason for his lying in bed is that he fell off his bike on his way to school. 他躺在床上的原因是由于他在上学的路上从自行车上摔了下来。 高考链接 (1)(2010 上海 36) One reason for her preference for city life is _ she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants. that B. how C. what D. why (2)(2000 上海)_ she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. A. what; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that (3)(2003 上海) _ made the school proud was _ more than 90 of the students had been admitted to key universities. A. What; because B. What; that C. That; what D. That; because (4)(2008 天津) The last time we had fun was _ we were visiting the Water Park. nwhere B. how C. when D. why 定义：同位语从句在句中充当同位语成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名词(idea ； belief ； fact ； truth ；problem ；news等)后面，对名词作进一步解释 说明。 同位语从句常用that引导或用连接词what/when / where / why / how / whether等。 eg. The idea that we should have more industry in this area is a good one. I have no idea when they came to visit my hometown. We have no doubt that Mr. White will turn up tonight. 同位语从句 常考点清单 四 一 间隔式同位语从句 同位语从句一般紧跟在先行词的后面。但是当含有同位语从句的主句 谓语部分较短时，可以把谓语动词放在先行词后面，使同位语从句和先 行词隔开，以免头重脚轻的现象。 eg. Word came that the war broke out in Iraq. They spread the lie everywhere that I stole the necklace. 高考链接 （2009 江西 33）The fact has worried many scientists _the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years. what B. which C. that D. though 二 定语从句和同位语从句的区别 （1） 同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的解释和说明，表明中心词的 具体内容。引导同位语从句的that 在同位语从句中不做任何成分,只起 连接作用,无具体含义,且不可省略。 （2）定语从句是先行词的修饰语，它不涉及先行词的具体内容。定语 从句中that不但起连接作用，而且在定语从句中充当一个句子成分 （主，宾，表），充当从句的宾语成分时可省略。 eg. The news that our football team won the match was encouraging. The news (that) we heard on the radio was not true. 随堂练习： （1）The information has been announced that more middle school graduates will be admitted into university. （2）The information that he revealed at the meeting is of great value. 定语从句 同位语从句 定语从句 同位语从句 常清考点五 连接词的选用 一 that 和what 的选用 that 和 what 都可引导所有的名词从句。但是，what除起连接作 用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分，可做从句的主语、宾语，表语 和定语,一般译成“所的”。而that在名词性从句中不充当任何 成分，只起连接作用，没有中文含义。 随堂练习（that/what）: 1. _ he wants is a book. 2. _ he wants to go there is obvious. 3. The result is _ we won the game. 4. This is _ we want to know. 5. Is _ he told us true ? 6. We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying. 7. I have no doubt _ he will come. 8. I have no idea _ he did that afternoon. What That that what what what what that 二 特殊疑问词引导名词性从句 特殊疑问词在引导名词性从句的同时,常保留本身疑问的含义,是指具 体的人或物，是特指的概念。 特殊疑问词+ever也可以引导名词性从句，如：whatever, whichever, whoever。翻译成“无论”是指任何人或物，无范围可言，是泛 指的概念。 eg. whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the light. who will give us a talk is unknown to us all. 链接高考： （）(2009 海南 24)Could I speak to is in charge of International Sales please? who B. what C. whoever D. whatever （）(2006 北京 29)Could you do me a favor? It depends on _it is. which B. whichever C. what D. whatever anyone who anyone/any thing that anythin g that 三 if和whether的选用 (是否)主语从句宾语从句表语从 句 同位语 从句 及物动词宾语介词宾语 whether/ if 放于句首只 用whether 用whether/if 均可 只用whether 只用 whether 只用 whether (1)whether to do 做动词宾语不能用if to do. eg.I dont know whether to go. (2)whether or (not) 连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if. eg. I dont know whether or not he is well. (3)肯定形式的的doubt后面通常接whether/if引导的名词性从句，否定形式 的doubt后面通常接that引导的名词性从句。 eg. There is no doubt that he will win the first prize.(同位语从句) I doubt whether/if its true.（宾语从句） I dont doubt that you are honest. (宾语从句) 高考链接 (2005 天津 2) Elephant have their own way to tell the shape of an object and _it is rough or smooth. A. / B. whether C. how D. what a. 主语从句 b. 表语从句 c. 同位语从句 e. 介词后的宾语从句 f. whether to do 做动词宾语不能用if to do. g. whether or not 连在一起引导宾语从句 时不用if. 不能使用if 的情况： I worry about whether I hurt her feeling. I dont know whether I will stay or not. 1. I asked her _ she had a bike. 2. _ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather. 3. Were worried about _ he is safe. 4. I dont know _ he is well or not. 5. I dont know _ or not he is well. 6. The question is _ he should do it. 7. The doctor can hardly answer the question _ the old man will recover soon. 8. I dont know _ to go. if / whether Whether whether whether / if whether whether whether whether that可省略的情况： that不可省略的情况： 主语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 用it做形式宾语的宾语从句 并列的宾语从句中的后几个从句的 引导词that不能省略 单个宾语从句中的that可省略 1. I dont think _ she is coming. 2. It is a pity _ he has made such a mistake. 3. The reason is _ he is careless. 4. The news _ our team won the match inspired us. 5. I dont think it necessary _ you should read English aloud. 6. He told me _ his father had died and _ he had to make a living alone. (that) that that that that (that) that 1.同位语从句的格式： 2.能接同位语从句的名词有： 3.连接词通常是that,也可根据含义选用 n.+ 连接词 + 从句 fact, idea, news, order, belief, suggestion, advice, information等 whether, what, when, where 等来引导同 位语从句。 1. I have no idea _ he comes from. 2. He cant answer the question _ he got the money. 3. He gave us many suggestions _ we should get up earlier and take more exercise. 4. I have no doubt _ he will win. 5. I have some doubt _ he will win. where how that that whether 1.定语从句是先行词的修饰语，它不涉及 先行词的具体内容。定语从句中that不但 起连接作用，而且在定语从句中充当一个 句子成分，充当从句的宾语成分时可省略 。 2.同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的 解释和说明，表明中心词的具体内容。引 导同位语从句的that 在同位语从句中不做 任何成分,只起连接作用,无具体含义,且 不可省略。 1. We expressed the hope that they had expressed. 2. We expressed the hope that they would come to China again. 1. The information has been announced that more middle school graduates will be admitted into university. 2. The information that he revealed at the meeting is of great value. 定语从句 同位语从句 同位语从句 定语从句 He gave me a suggestion that I (should) be calm now. 名词demand, suggestion, proposal, advice 等词后的同位语从句的语气 要用虚拟语气, 结构为 (should) + do。 1. The reason _ we didnt trust him was _ he often lied 2. The reason _ he gave for his absent was _ he was ill. reason后面的表语从句只能用that引导, 不能用why引导, 但reason后面的定语从 句可以用why 或者that 引导。 在名词性从句中，我们还须特别在名词性从句中，我们还须特别 注意以下问题：注意以下问题： why that that that His job is important. What he does is important. This is his job. This is what he does every day. I dont like his job. I dont like what he does every day. I dont know about the man, Mr. White. I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher. 1. _ the bab