新视野大学英语2课文原文和翻译unit7、8.doc

Lighten Your Load and Save Your LifeIf you often feel angry and overwhelmed, like the stress in your life is spinning out of control, then you may be hurting your heart.如果你常常生气、身心疲乏，好像你生活中的压力正在快速地积聚，将要失去控制，那么你可能是在损害你的心脏了。If you dont want to break your own heart, you need to learn to take charge of your life where you canand recognize there are many things beyond your control.假如你不想损害自己的心脏，你就需要努力学会在力所能及的范围内控制自己的生活并且承认有许多东西你是无法控制的。So says Dr. Robert S. Eliot, author of a new book titled From Stress to Strength: How to Lighten Your Load and Save Your Life. Hes a clinical professor of medicine at the University of Nebraska. 这是罗伯特S. 埃利奥特博士的观点。他是内布拉斯加大学的临床医学教授，新书从压力到力量：怎样减轻你的负担，拯救你的生命的作者。 Eliot says there are people in this world that he calls hot reactors. For these people, being tense may cause tremendous and rapid increases in their blood pressure. 埃利奥特说在这个世界上有一类他称之为“热核反应堆式的人”（即易怒的人）。对这些人来说，紧张会导致他们血压大幅度迅速上升。Eliot says researchers have found that stressed people have higher cholesterol levels, among other things. Weve done years of work in showing that excess alarm or stress chemicals can literally burst heart muscle fibers. When that happens it happens very quickly, within five minutes. It creates many short circuits, and that causes crazy heart rhythms. The heart beats like a bag of worms instead of a pump. And when that happens, we cant live. 埃利奥特说，研究人员已经发现，有压力的人除了其他症状外，胆固醇的含量也较高。“我们已经做了多年研究，证明过分忧虑或紧张所产生的化学物质的确会损伤心肌纤维。这种情况发生时往往很快，不到5分钟。它会造成许多短路，而且这种短路会引起严重的心律不齐。心脏跳起来不像一个泵，而像一只装着蠕虫的袋子（杂乱而又绵软无力）。当这种情况发生时，我们就活不成了。”Eliot, 64, suffered a heart attack at age 44. He attributes some of the cause to stress. For years he was a hot reactor. On the exterior, he was cool, calm and collected, but on the interior, stress was killing him. Hes now doing very well. 现年64岁的埃利奥特，在44岁时曾有过一次心脏病发作，他把那次心脏病发作的部分原因归于压力。多年来，他一直是一个“热核反应堆式的人”。表面上，他显得沉着、冷静、泰然自若，但他内心深处的压力使他筋疲力尽.他现在身体状况很好。 The main predictors of destructive levels of stress are the FUD factorsfear, uncertainty and doubttogether with perceived lack of control, he says. 他说，压力破坏性程度的主要预测指标是FUD因素FUD指的是恐惧、犹豫和怀疑再加上可察觉到的缺乏控制力。For many people, the root of their stress is anger, and the trick is to find out where the anger is coming from. Does the anger come from a feeling that everything must be perfect? Eliot asks. 对许多人来说，压力的根源是愤怒，而对付愤怒的诀窍是找出怒从何来。埃利奥特问道：“这种愤怒是否来自这么一种感觉：希望一切事物都必须完美无缺？” Thats very common in professional women. They feel they have to be all things to all people and do it all perfectly. They think, I should, I must, I have to. Good enough is never good enough. Perfectionists cannot delegate. They get angry that they have to carry it all, and they blow their tops. Then they feel guilty and they start the whole cycle over again. “这在职业女性中是很常见的原因。她们觉得要让人人感到她们无所不能，而且要把样样事情都做得完美无缺。她们认为，我应该这样，我必须这样，我不得不这样。追求完美永无止境。完美主义者事必躬亲。 Others are angry because they have no compass in life. And they give the same emphasis to a traffic jam that they give a family argument, he says. If you are angry for more than five minutesif you stir the anger within you and let it build with no safety outletyou have to find out where its coming from. “还有的人生气是因为他们的生活没有方向。他们把交通阻塞看得和家庭纠纷一样重，” 他说：“如果你生气超过5分钟如果你生闷气，没有安全的发泄渠道的话你就必须弄清你为何生气。” What happens is that the hotter people get, physiologically, with mental stress, the more likely they are to blow apart with some heart problem. “此时就会发生这种情况人们由于心理压力在生理上变得越发激动，他们的身体就越可能因为某种心脏病而崩溃。”One step to calming down is to recognize you have this tendency. Learn to be less hostile by changing some of your attitudes and negative thinking. 让自己平静下来的做法就是承认你存在这种倾向。通过改变你的某些看法和消极思想，学会对事物不再抱有那么强烈的敌视态度。 Eliot recommends taking charge of your life. If there is one word that should be substituted for stress, its control. Instead of the FUD factors, what you want is the NICE factorsnew, interesting, challenging experiences. 埃利奥特建议人们控制自己的生活。“如果有什么能取代压力，那就是控制。你所需要的不是FUD因素而是NICE因素NICE是指新的、使人感兴趣的、有挑战性的经历。” You have to decide what parts of your life you can control, he says. Stop where you are on your trail and say, Im going to get my compass out and find out what I need to do. “你必须确定你能控制自己生活中的哪些部分，”他说：“停下你的脚步，对自己说，我要把指南针拿出来，弄明白自己需要什么。” He suggests that people write down the six things in their lives that they feel are the most important things theyd like to achieve. Ben Franklin did it at age 32. He wrote down things like being a better father, being a better husband, being financially independent, being stimulated intellectually and remaining even-temperedhe wasnt good at that.他建议人们写下他们觉得自己生活中最重要的、最想做成的6件事。本富兰克林在32岁时就是这样做的。“他写下了他想要做的事情，诸如要做一个更慈爱的父亲、更体贴的丈夫、经济上独立、思维上活跃，而且还要保持性情平和这一点他也做得不好。” Eliot says you can first make a list of 12 things, then cut it down to 6 and set your priorities. Dont give yourself impossible things, but things that will affect your identity, control and self-worth.埃利奥特说，你可以先列出12件事，然后压缩到6件，要确定轻重缓急。“别让自己去做不可能做到的事。要做那些会影响你的个性、控制能力和自我价值的事情。” Put them on a note card and take it with you and look at it when you need to. Since we cant create a 26-hour day we have to decide what things were going to do. “把它们记在一张可以随身携带的卡片上，需要的时候看看。既然我们无法让一天有26个小时，我们就得确定先做哪些事情。”Keep in mind that over time these priorities are going to change. The kids grow up, the dog dies and you change your priorities. 请记住：随着时间的推移，优先要做的事会有所改变。“孩子会长大，狗会死去，你所优先考虑做的事也会改变。” From Eliots viewpoint, the other key to controlling stress is to realize that there are other troublesome parts of your life over which you can have little or no controllike the economy and politicians. 根据埃利奥特的观点，控制压力的另一关键因素是“要承认你生活中还有一些棘手的、你几乎无法或完全无法控制的东西比如经济以及政客们。”You have to realize that sometimes with things like traffic jams, deadlines and unpleasant bosses, You cant fight. You cant flee. You have to learn how to flow. 你必须认识到，有时候像交通阻塞、最后期限及讨厌的老板这类事情，“你无法抗争，也无法逃避。你必须学会如何与之相容。”Unit 8Theres a Lot More to Life than a JobIt has often been remarked that the saddest thing about youth is that it is wasted on the young. 人们常常说：对于青春来说，最令人悲伤的事情莫过于青春在年轻时被浪费掉了。Reading a survey report on first-year college students, I recalled the regret, If only I knew then what I know now.在读一份对大学一年级新生作的调查报告时，我又想起了这种惋惜之情：“要是当初我就懂得了现在我领悟到的东西该有多好！”The survey revealed what I had already suspected from informal polls of students both in Macon and at the Robins Resident Center: If it (whatever it may be) wont compute and you cant drink it, smoke it or spend it, then it holds little value. 这份调查报告印证了我以前根据在梅肯和罗宾斯住宿中心对学生进行的非正式民意调查所作的推断：学生们认为如果某种东西（不管它是何物）没有实际意义，不能把它当酒喝、当烟抽、当钱花，那么“它”就基本毫无价值。According to the survey based on responses from over 188,000 students, todays college beginners are more consumeristic and less idealistic than at any time in the 17 years of the poll. 基于对188，000多名学生答卷的调查表明，当今的大学新生比这项民意测验开始17年以来的任何时候的大学新生都“更主张消费主义，同时也少了些理想主义”。Not surprising in these hard times, the students major objective is to be financially well off. Less important than ever is developing a meaningful philosophy of life. Accordingly, today the most popular course is not literature or history but accounting. 在这个经济不景气的时代，学生们的主要目标是追求“经济上的富裕”。与过去任何时候相比，树立有意义的人生哲学已不那么重要了。这一情况并不让人感到惊奇。因此，如今最受欢迎的课程不是文学或历史，而是会计学。Interest in teaching, social service and the humanities is at a low, along with ethnic and womens studies. On the other hand, enrollment in business programs, engineering and computer science is way up. 如今人们对当教师、社会服务和人文学科、还有种族和妇女研究的兴趣都处于低潮。而另一方面，攻读商科、工程学及计算机科学的学生人数却在迅速增加。Thats no surprise either. A friend of mine (a sales representative for a chemical company) was making twice the salary of college instructors during her first year on the jobeven before she completed her two-year associate degree. 还有一件事也不令人意外。我的一个朋友（一个化工公司的销售代理）在干这份工作的第一年所挣的钱就已是大学教师薪水的两倍了这甚至还是在她修完两年制的准学士学位课程之前的事。Ill tell them what they can do with their music, history, literature, etc., she was fond of saying. And that was four years ago; I tremble to think what shes earning now. 她喜欢说这样一句话：“我会对他们讲，他们学习音乐、历史、文学等等有什么用！”那还是四年以前呢，我都不敢想象她现在赚多少钱。Frankly, Im proud of the young lady (not her attitude but her success). But why cant we have it both ways? Cant we educate people for life as well as for a career? I believe we can. 坦率地说，我为这位小姐感到骄傲（不是为她的态度，而是为她的成功）。但是我们为什么不能两全其美呢？我们就不能教会人们既懂得谋生，又懂得人生么？我相信我们能够做到。If we cannot, then that is a conviction against our educational systemkindergarten, elementary, secondary and higher. In a time of increasing specialization, more than ever, we need to know what is truly important in life. 如果我们做不到这一点，那就是对我们从幼儿园、小学、中学直到大学的整个教育制度的否定。在一个日益专业化的时代，我们比过去任何时候都更需要了解什么是生活中真正重要的东西。This is where age and maturity enter. Most people, somewhere between the ages of 30 and 50, finally arrive at the inevitable conclusion that they were meant to do more than serve a corporation, a government agency, or whatever. 这就是年龄和成熟所能带给人们的启示。大多数年龄约在30至50岁之间的人都会最终得出一个必然的结论，即他们不应该仅仅是为某个公司、某个政府机构或任何其他单位服务。Most of us finally have the insight that quality of life is not entirely determined by a balance sheet. Sure, everyone wants to be financially comfortable, but we also want to feel we have a perspective on the world beyond the confines of our occupation; we want to be able to render service to our fellow men and to our God. 我们大多数人最终会认识到，生活质量并不完全是由资产负债表来决定的。诚然，每个人都想在经济上富裕点。但是我们还希望对自己职业范围以外的世界有所了解；我们希望能为我们的同胞和上帝效劳。If it is a fact that the meaning of life does not dawn until middle age, is it then not the duty of educational institutions to prepare the way for that revelation? Most people, in their youth, resent the Social Security deductions from their pay, yet a seemingly few short years later find themselves standing anxiously by the mailbox. 如果说人要到步入中年才能对人生的含义有所领悟的话，那么为这种领悟扫清障碍不正是教育机构的责任吗？大多数人在年轻的时候怨恨从他们工资中扣钱交社会保险金，然而好像只是短短几年后，他们就发现自己正焦急地站在信箱旁边（等待养老金支票）了。While its true all of us need a career, preferably a prosperous one, it is equally true that our civilization has collected an incredible amount of knowledge in fields far removed from our own. And we are better for our understanding of these other contributionsbe they scientific or artistic. It is equally true that, in studying the diverse wisdom of others, we learn how to think. More importantly, perhaps, education teaches us to see the connections between things, as well as to see beyond our immediate needs.虽然我们所有人都确实需要一份工作，最好是一份薪水丰厚的工作。但同样不容争议的事实是，我们的文明已经在我们各自的领域之外积累了巨大的知识财富。而且正因为我们理解了这些在其他领域的贡献不管是科学方面的,还是艺术方面的我们的人生才更完善。同样地，我们在了解他人的智慧的同时，自己也学会了如何去思考。也许更重要的是，教育使我们的视野超越了眼前的需求，并使我们看到了事物间的联系。Weekly we read of unions that went on strike for higher wages, only to drive their employer out of business. No company, no job. How short-sighted in the long run. 我们每周都在报纸上读到这样的消息：工会在为要求更高的工资而罢工，结果却只是使他们的老板破了产。没有了公司，也就没有了工作岗位。从长远来看，他们的目光是何等地短浅！ But the most important argument for a broad education is that in studying the accumulated wisdom of the ages, we improve our moral sense. I saw a cartoon recently which depicts a group of businessmen looking puzzled as they sit around a confer