形容词副词比较结构.doc

（形容词、副词的几种）比较结构Ways of Comparing Things1 同级比较：asas1） as(adv.).as (prep. & conj. & adv.).adj. n.adv. clausemuch U as if clausemany C as possible as anything 具体常用用法： as adj. / adv. as n. / clause / if clause as adj. / adv. / much U / many C as possible as adj. / adv. as anything (= very adj. / adv.) e.g. College English Book II P 72 &74否定形式：not as / so as. 此结构前可用almost, nearly, just, quite和表倍数、分数的词修饰。 e.g. 她的翻译速度比其他同学快一倍。 She can translate twice as fast as the other classmates. 她挣的钱和父亲差不多。 She earns nearly as much as his father. 他的校园只有我们的三分之一大。 Their campus is one-third as large as ours. 专四：2007-32 as much by example as words 2007-51 There are as good fish in the sea as ever came out of it. 2006-64 It was as much of a success as we had hoped. 2) not so much A as B not A, so much as B: 与其说A不如说B；是B，而不是A(A 和 B是平行结构) e.g. 与其说他聪明，不如说他勤奋。He is not so much clever as diligent.学校教育的意义不在于教会了你什么，而在于教会你学习方法。 The great use of a school education is not so much to teach you tings as to teach you the art of learning.与其说我不喜欢她，不如说我对她不感兴趣。 It wasnt so much that is dislike her as that I just wasnt interested.专四：2007-57 It is not so much the language as the background that makes the book difficult to understand. 2 差级比较：morethan1) adj. / adv. 比较级 than(prep. & conj.) adj./ adv. er n. more 多音节adj. / adv. clause e.g. College English Book II P 72 &74 这项工作比我上一项难。This job is harder than my last one. （表语）她这学期的进步比上学期大。 She has made greater progress this term than he did last term.（定语）他跑得比起同学快。 He ran faster than other students.（状语）This amounts to more than 41 million crimes, many (crimes) more than we are able to punish.（宾补） 比较级可出现在adj. / adv.可充当的成分上：表语、定语、宾补、状语反义形式：less adj. / adv. /n. than. 此结构前可用表程度的词修饰：much, still, rather, even, ever, any, far, no, a little, a lot, a good deal, two years等。 专四：2007-61 The research requires more money than has been put in. 2) more A than B : 与其说B，不如说A (A 和 B是平行结构) e.g. 与其说他聪明，不如说他勤奋。He is more diligent than clever. (不能用-er形式)资本主义国家目前的危机与其说是经济危机，不如说是政治危机。 The present crisis in capitalist countries is much more a political than an economic crisis.反义形式：less A than Bnot so much A as B 与其说A不如说B e.g. 与其说他聪明，不如说他勤奋。He is less clever than diligent.与其说我喜欢他的外貌，不如说我喜欢他的个性。I liked his appearance less than his personality.与其说我把他当老师，不如说我把他当朋友。 I regarded him less as my teacher than as my friend. 3) cf. not more () than；no more () than a. not more than : 不超过，不如，不及（than后面的东西是上限）e.g. There were not more than seven women in the store then. 店里顶多七个妇女。 Johns composition is not better than Toms = Johns composition is as good as Toms at most. = Toms composition is better than Johns.约翰的作文顶多和汤姆的一样好。汤姆的作文不入约翰的。 You are not cleverer than he. = You are as clever as he at most. = He is cleverer than you.你顶多和他一样聪明。你不如他聪明。 专四：2007-62 Overpopulation poses a terrible threat to the human race. Yet it is probably not more a threat to the human race than environmental destruction. b. no more than / notany more than: 只有，仅仅，相当于 (表“”号，强调都少，都不好)e.g. Johns composition is no better than Toms. = Johns composition is as poor as Toms. 约翰的作文和汤姆的一样糟。 She ate no more than a slice of toast for breakfast.仅吃了一片土司 A student can no more obtain knowledge without studying than a farmer get harvest without ploughing.学生不学习不能获得知识，正如农民不耕种不能获得收获一样。no richer than = as poor as no bigger tan = as small as no later than = as early as c.f. He is no more diligent than you. 你不勤奋，他也不勤奋。（两人都不勤奋。） He is not more diligent than you are.他不如你勤奋。4) the + adj. /adv. 比较级（从句），the + adj. /adv. 比较级（主句）e.g. 他们越说，就越感到鼓舞。The more they talked, the more encouraged they felt.The more crime there is the less we are able to punish it. 犯罪越多，惩罚力度越小。Exercises:n 1. The trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasnt bothered by his loudness _ by his lack of talent. A. more than B. than C