高中十种时态总结及习题.doc

*1.一般过去将来时 过去将来时表示从过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用于宾语从句或间接引语中。过去将来时常用“would + 动词原形”或“was / were going to + 动词原形”来表达。 基本构成： A ) would + 动词原形【此种情况常用于宾语从句或间接引语中。】 *He asked me if I would stay here. 他问我是否要待在这儿。 B ) was / were going to + 动词原形【和一般将来时一样，也可用相应的其他形式表 示。】 *No one knew when he was going to finish his homework. 没有人知道他什么时 候会完成作业。C ) was/ were ( about ) to + 动词原形【常见于come, go等瞬间动词。】 *He said that they were to leave at six. 他说他们将于6点动身。D) come, go, arrive, leave, die 等瞬时动词，用在过去进行时态中表示过去将来。 *She told us that she was leaving for Yunnan. 她告诉我们她将要去云南。 练习：（ ）1. - What did he tell you just now? - He said that _ tomorrow morning. A. he will buy some new clothes B. will he buy some new clothes C. he would buy some new clothes D. would he buy some new clothes （ ）2. Ken was so busy when we saw him, because he _ a speech the next day. A. will make B. would make C. has made D. was making （ ）3. If I had enough money, I _ a big house for my father. A. will buy B. would buy C. have bought D. am buying2.过去将来进行时 过去将来进行时表示在过去将来某一时间正在发生的动作。它常和表过去将来的时间状语连用，但上下文清楚时，时间状语亦可省略。 过去将来进行时有一个特点，就常用在宾语从句(尤其是间接引语)中。 *I thought youd be sleeping. 我以为你在睡觉哩。 过去将来进行时有时也可用在其他从句中。 *The new name he would be using was Jack Jones. 他将用的新名是杰克琼斯。 *He would pay the rest as he would be leaving France. 其余款项，他将在离开 法国时付清。 过去将来进行时也可用在独立句中。 *Jack said he had found a job. He would be working as a bartender in Detroit. 杰克说他找到了工作。他将在底特律做酒吧间伙计。 *I was excited. Next Wednesday we would be flying to Sydney. 我很兴奋。下星 期三我们就会飞往悉尼了。 注意：过去将来进行时都没有被动语态。3.过去将来完成时 过去将来完成时表示从过去观点看将来某时某动作会业已完成。这种时态用的较少，通常只见于转述方面。 *I thought she would have told you something by then.我想届时她已经 告诉你一些情况。构成过去将来完成时是由would/should + have + v-ed构成，其否定形式是would/should +not+ have + v-ed；疑问形式是将should/would提前。 *She said she would have finished her exams by then.她说那时她会已经 考完试了。 *He said he would have paid me back the money by the end of the week.他说将在 周末前还我钱。 *We told him that we should have returned to the camp by four oclock.我们告诉 他我们将于四点前回营地。 *I hoped she would have finished the work before I got back.我希望她在我回来之 前做完那活儿。4.过去将来完成进行时 表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去将来某一时间，过去将来完成进行时是由should/would have been + v-ing构成；否定形式should/would+not have been + v-ing；疑问形式是将should/would提前。 *She said that by the end of the year she would have been studying here for three years.她说到 今年年底他将在这里学习三年了。*5.过去完成时 过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。表示过去某一时间可用by, before等构成的短语，也可用when, before等引导的从句或通过上下代表示。 *His eyes shone brightly when he finally received the magazine he had long expected. 当她终于收到她盼望已久的杂志时，她兴奋得两眼闪光。 *By the time he was twelve, Edison had begun to make a living by himself.12岁 时，爱迪生就开始自己谋生。 构成：过去完成时由“助动词had+过去分词”构成。 *We had learnt 30 lessons by the end of last month.到上个月末为止，我们已经学了 30课。 *He said we hadnt seen each other since I left Beijing.自从我离开北京，我们还 没见过面。过去完成时的用法 过去完成时的主要用法和现在完成时一样。不同的是，过去完成时把时间推移到了过去某一时间之前，与现在无关。（1）过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作。这个过去的时间状语有by, before等介词短语或when, before等引导的从句。（2）表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到过去的这一时间，而且还可能继续下去的动作，常和for, since构成的短语或引导的从句连用。 *By the time I left the school, he had taught the class for 3 years.到我毕业时， 他已经教那个班三年了。（3）用于表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件从句或as if从句中表示与过去事实相反*If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it.假如他昨天看到你， 他就会问你这件事了。（4）表示假设的宾语从句 放在像said，told，asked，thought，wondered等过去时动词的后面，表示在这些动作发生之前已经发生了的事情。 *My friend told me that he had passed the exam.我的朋友告诉我，他已通过了考试。（5）用在 It was the first/second/thirdtime that”句型中 在此句型中，主句用了一般过去时，that引导的定语从句要用过去完成时。 *This was the first time they had met in thirty-nine years. 这是39年里他们第 一次见面。（6）intend, mean, hope, want, plan, suppose, expect, think等动词的过去完成时可 以表示一个本来打算做而没有做的事,这种结构也可以表示过去未曾实现的设想、意 图或希望等，含有某种惋惜。 *We had meant to tell her the news but found that she wasnt in.我们本想把这 个消息告诉她的，但发现她不在家。（7）过去完成时常用结构有“hardly, scarcely, barely when, no sooner than等 副词的句子里。 *She hardly had gone to bed when the bell rang.他刚睡下铃就响了。（8）当before , after, as soon as 等引导的从句里的动作与主句的动作紧接时，由于 这些连词本身已经说明了两个动作发生的先后关系，因此两个动作均可用一般过去时 表示。 *We had breakfast after we did morning exercises.做完早操之后，我们吃早饭。练习：1I lost the dictionary I _ Ahave bought Bbought Chad bought Dhad been bought2 The train had gone when my brother _ at the station Ahave arrived Barrived Chad arrived Dam arriving3. Mary _ of visiting her grandmother, but the bad weathermade her change her mind. Ahas thought Bthought Chad thought Dhad been thought4 -Did you meet Tom at the airport？ -No，he _ by the time I_ there Ahas left；got Bhad left；arrived Cleft；arrived Dleft；had got5 -Why didnt Tom attend the meeting yesterday？ -He _ Beijing Ahas gone to Bhad gone to Cwent to Dhad been to6. -I _ to come to help you -But you didnt come Ahave meant Bhad meant Cmeant Dwill mean7 Finally one of my friends _ by Beijing University，for which she _ five time Awere admitted; had tried Bwas admitted; had tried Cwere admitted; has tried Dwas admitted; tried8.-I have bought you the books you want -Oh，good，I _ afraid you had forgotten Awas Bam Chad been Dhave been9 We _ four thousand new words by the end of last year Ahad learned Bhave learned Clearned Dwill have learned10. -What do you think of my suggestion? - Sorry. Whats that?I _ about something else. A. was thinking B. thought C. am thinking D. had thought6.过去完成进行时 过去完成进行时主要表示过去某一时间以前一直在进行的动作。 *He had been studying English before entering the college.他在上大学之前一直在学英语。构成： 过去完成进行时由“助动词had+ been+ v-ing”构成；否定形式had+not+ been+ v-ing；疑问形式是将had提前。 *He had been telling you this.他多次跟你说这件事。用法：（1）过去完成进行时表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始并延续到过去这一时间。这一动作 可能己经停止也可能还在进行。 *She told me that she had been studying French for 5 years.她告诉我她己经学习法语5年 了。（仍继续） *She told me that she had been waiting for me for an hour.她告诉我她己经等我一个钟头了。 （不再继续）（2）表示反复的动作、企图、情绪、最近的情况 *You had been giving me everything.你对我真是有求必应。（感激） *I had been studying the meaning of the poem.我一直在研究这首诗。（我还没懂）7. 现在完成进行时 现在完成进行时表示到现在为止一直进行的动作，这个动作可能仍在进行，也可能停止了。 *I am tired. I have been painting the living room all day.我很累。我刷了一整天房子。构成： 现在完成进行时由“助动词have/has +been+ v-ing”构成；否定形式have/has +not+been+ v-ing；疑问形式是将have/has提前。 *I have been telling him to study hard.我一直告诉他学习要更加刻苦才是。用法：（1） 表示一个动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到说话时候刚结束。 *I have been waiting you for about one hour.我等你大约一个小时了。(说话时等的动作刚结束)（2） 表示从过去某时开始的动作一直延续到说话时还在继续进行,并有可能延续下去的动作。常和for，since引导的时间状语连用。 *They have been living here for 10 years. 他们住在这里十年了。（3） 表示一个过去的动作对现在的影响或造成的结果（相当于现在完成时） *She has been doing too much work.他做的工作太多了。（Now he is tired out.）现在完成时与现在完成进行时的比较（1） 现在完成时表示到现在为止已经完成，或者在过去曾经发生过的动作；现在完成进行时往往表示仍将继续下去的动作。 *Ihave written an article.我写了一篇代章。（已完成） *I have been writing an article.我一直在写一篇代章。（还在写）（2） 现在完成时表示刚刚结束时，强调动作的结果，现在完成进行时则强调动作在不久以 前持续进行的情景，并带有情感色彩。* Now we have cleaned the room; we can move the things in .现在房子打扫好了，我们可 以往里搬东西了。（强调打扫完了的结果）*You look so tired. What have you been doing?你看起来很累，你干什么了？ Ive been playing football.我踢足球了。（强调不久前踢球的情景）练习：1. Im sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final. I think so. He _ for it for months. A. is preparing B. was preparing C. had been preparing D. has been preparing 2. By the time he realizes he _ into a trap, itll be too late for him to do anything about it. A. walks B. walked C. has walked D. had walked3. Danny _ hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular. A. works B. is working C. has worked D. had worked 4.I have got a headache. No wonder. You_ in front of that computer too long. A. work B. are working C. have been working D. worked 5.Now that she is out of job, Lucy _ going back to school，but she hasnt decided yet. A. had considered B. has been considering C. considered D. is going to consider*8.将来进行时 将来进行时表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作或某段时间持续的动作。它主要表示按计 划、安排将来某时将要进行或发生的动作。 *What will you be doing at eight oclock this evening?今天晚上8点你干什么?构成： 将来进行时由“助动词shall/will+be+v-ing”构成 *Ill be visiting professor Li at 2 this afternoon.今天下午2点我将拜访李教授。用法：（1）表示将来某一时刻或某段时间正在发生的动作，常与this time tomorrow, at 4 oclock tomorrow afternoon等时间状语连用。 *At this time tomorrow well be flying over the Atlantic. 明天此时我们正在飞越大西洋的上 空。（2） 代替一般将来时表示一种已经决定或肯定的动作或情况，或表示某动作将在按计划发 生而未完成。 *We shall be having a meeting in a minute.我们一会儿就要开会。（3）用将来进行时来询问别人的计划、打算，比用一般将来时更礼貌，也可以表示较缓和的命令或碰巧发生的事。 *Will you be having supper with us this evening?你今天晚上能和我们一起吃晚饭好吗？（4）用于表示将来的动作迟于所安排的另一次动作 *He is going to take a stroll in the park and then he will be watering the flowers.他打算到公园 去散步，然后浇花。（5） 将来进行时与一般将来时的区别一般将来时既可以表示“将来”，也可以表示“意志、意图”；而将来进行时则表示纯粹的将来，指说话者无意图的动作。*He wont cut the grass.他拒绝割草。（有意图）*He wont be cutting the grass.他将不割草。(无意图，仅陈述一个事实) 练习： 1. There _ a meeting tomorrow afternoon. A.will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be 2. Charlie _ here next month. A. isnt working B. doesnt working C. isnt going to working D. wont work 3. Joe_the piano in a few minutes. A shall be played B will have been playing C shall be playing D will have played 4. I _ my grandmother at three this afternoon. A shall be visiting B shall have visited C shall be visiting D will visit 5. “Can you attend the party tonight?” “No,_ the boss about something urgent.” A I see BI shall have seen CIll be seeing D I can see9. 将来完成时 将来完成时表示将来某一时间之前已经完成的动作。 *On the first of next month I shall have studied in this school for five years.下月一日，我在这 个学校学习就满5年了。构成： 将来完成时由“shall /will +have +v-ed”构成； 否定形式“shall /will +not +have +v-ed” 构成。 *By the time class is over, we shall have finished lesson 40.下课前我们要完成第40课。用法：（1） 将来完成时表示将来某一时间或动作发生之前已经完成的动作，通常与before或by连用。 *Before long, he will have forgottenall about it.不久他就会全忘记的。（2