高考英语重难点精讲(30-37讲)写作部分.doc

高考英语重难点精讲（四）（3037讲）写作部分目录：难点30 时隐时现的介词难点31 难以捉摸的冠词难点32 需要摆平的平行结构难点33 一致现象不可忽视难点34 句子衔接加连词难点35 抓大放小，不漏要点难点36 重在流畅，切忌硬译难点37 表述精当，得分亮点难点30 时隐时现的介词介词是短文改错中的一大考点，而介词又是难掌握的一种词类。大多数介词都有多种用法，如介词at; 不同的介词还可能有相似的用法如in the morning , on Monday morning 等，而且介词的位置，介词和副词的区别，以及介词与连词的连用等都是学习中的难点也是高考中考查的热点。 难点磁场1. () Evening came down. We spent the night in a hotel at the top of the mountain. 83. _ (NMET 2002)2. () I wont be able to come in this time. 87. _ (2000春季)3. ()We practise for three times every week and often watch football match on TV together. 87. _ 4. () Newly-published novels are always in great demand, and some books, for example, books for history. 88. _ 5. （） The wild beast took no notice of her and went into the bedroom which he fell asleep on the carpet. 84. _ (2002年模拟题)案例探究1. I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow.(NMET 2002)解析：此题为五星级题。去掉at。 the moment 在此相当于as soon as , the instant, immediately。译为“一就”, 为连词; at the moment 是介词短语，意思是“此时此刻”。e. g. At the moment I missed my teacher very much.He recognized me the moment the instant immediately as soon as he saw me.2. We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ourselves. (NMET 1998)解析：此题为四星级题。在ourselves前加of, 此题意在考查instead 与instead of 的区别。instead 后加of , 译为“而不是”；instead 是副词，应放在句后译为“而是”。e. g. He is going to Shanghai instead of Beijing.He is not going to Beijing. He is going to Shanghai instead.3. but we do not seem to get much time to talk about together.解析：此题为五星级题。去掉介词about。因为talk 为不及物动词，跟宾语应加介词。而此句talk 后没有宾语，together 是状语，所以about 应去掉；此题另一种改法也可在about 后加it。4. Most of the large cities in the world have grown without plans, which London is a such one.解析：此题为五星级题。在which 之前加among. which 引导了非限制性定语从句，先行词为the largest cities, 所以定语从句应为：London is a such one among most of the largest cities. 故应在which 之前加介词among。e. g. He bought a computer, for which he paid 5 000 yuan.In the distance there are a lot of students, one of whom is an old friend of mine.锦囊妙计考虑介词与动词、名词、形容词的固定搭配；及物动词后多介词或不及物动词后缺介词；英语中的固定句型及固定搭配。歼灭难点训练1. （）He found a book especially useful during the period of waiting: waiting meals , buses2. （）To my surprise , I suddenly realize that the joy of living does not come from what we search in life but comes from what we put into life.3. （）One day one of his friends lost his wallet and asked for Mark Twain to buy a railway ticket for him.4. （）Now several months later. I still hadnt found the job that I was interested.5. （）He serves for people heart and soul.6. （）Inside, he found an elderly lady in whose eyesight was failing.7. （）Later, he persuaded them to send him to Paris which he studied for five years.8. （）In most Asia, it is possible to bargain for a good price with small store owner.9. （）You will probably also have to pay for a tale tax.难点31 难以捉摸的冠词冠词是英语中的特有的词类。由于汉语中没有与之对应的词，学生对其用法感到难以掌握，所以高考英语在短文改错中对冠词的考查几乎年年都有。难点磁场1. （） Ill take this chance to wish you wonderful time on your birthday. 89. _ (2000春季高考)2. （） Suddenly, I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd. 91. _ (NMET2000)3. （） When I was a child, the rain was a mystery. 90. _ (2001 春季高考) 4. （） We may be on family and live under a same roof. 82. _ (NMET2001)5. （）As everyone knows, its famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. 76. _ (NMET 2002)案例探究1. Each player must obey captain, who is the leader of the team.解析：此题为五星级题。captain 前面加the。如chairman, captain, monitor , manager这类表示职位的名词，前面一般为零冠词，但如果这类职务指的是某人，前面要用定冠词。 e. g. We elected him monitor.He is the monitor of our class.2. I was about to rush out of the train station when a well-dressed old man took me by my arm.解析：此题为四星级题。把my 改成the。take sb. by the hand arm 为固定搭配。在固定句型hit sb. in the face, strike sb. on the head , take sb. by the arm等中，身体各部位前一定用定冠词the。3. Good health is persons most valuable possession.解析：此题为四星级题。在persons 前加a。person 是可数名词，又是第一次提到，单数前应加不定冠词。A person 一个人；people为复数名词，但Chinese is a kind and hard-working people. man 作人类（mankind）讲时，不加冠词；但加冠词后，就变成具体的某个人了。e. g. mans knowledge of things is developing.4. Modern people know more than about the health.解析：此题为五星级题。去掉the。health 是抽象名词，又是不可数名词，故不可用定冠词。抽象名词和物质名词表示一般概念时，前面通常不用冠词，但特指时，则须用定冠词；如果表示一个具体情况或动作或某一物质时，前面可用不定冠词。e. g. Sending another satellites is a bib success for China.Its a great joy to live with all my old classmates.What a heavy rain！5. Alexander Braborn Bell is considered to invented telephone in 1876.解析：此题为五星级题。telephone 前加the。在讨论科技问题时，定冠词常和单数可数名词连用。在表示发明物的单数名词前加the。e. g. The compass was invented in China four thousand years ago.锦囊妙计不可数名词泛指时前面多冠词；单数可数名词前少冠词；不定冠词a, an与定冠词的错误使用；固定搭配中的冠词错误等等为高考常见的考点。歼灭难点训练1. （）while sweeping the room, she saw little mouse running across her floor.2. （）We think it bridge to the friendship between us and the people throughout the outside the world.3. （）After I finished the school this year , I began to look for work.4. （）Last summer I spent a two-week vacation at my aunts.5. （）With smile , the teacher drew two circles.6. （）Bob was very fond of the music when he was a child.7. （）Michale was walking along the street other day.8. （）Besides my work at the office, only thing that interests me is listening to music.9. （）One piece of cloth was black, and other piece was white.难点32 需要摆平的平行结构在表达相互平行的概念时，要使用相同的语法结构，摆平平行结构是高考短文改错中出现频率较高的考查形式。 难点磁场1. ()As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories. 80. _ （NMET 2002）2. ()I remembered her words and calm down. 93. _ （NMET 2000）3. ()I will spend the whole weekend reading and prepare for it. 86. _ (2000春季)4. () Playing football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit. 90. _ 5. （） Modern people know more about health, have better find and to live in cleaner surroundings. 84. _ 案例探究1. It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home.(NMET I996) 解析：此题为五星级题。drove改成drive。 因为to meetand to drive 是平行结构，同时在句中作主语。drive 可以视为省略了to。e. g. It is difficult for him to speak English and communicate with others in English.2. To answer correctly is more important than finish quickly.解析：此题为五星级题。在finish 前加to。to finish quickly 与to answer quickly 是不定式的平行结构。e. g. To say is easier than to do.3. In many ways, riding a bicycle is a similar to drive a car.解析：此题为四星级题。drive 改为driving, riding 与driving 为动名词的平行结构。4. Psychology today is interesting; informative and easily to read.解析：此题为五星级题。easily 改为easy. interesting , informative and easy 为形容词的平行结构。e. g. We must solve this problem in a correct and friendly way.5. Not only do readers find the book useful, it also helped Jiang to learn more.解析：此题为五星级题。do 改为did。 因为not onlybut also 连接两个平行结构find 和help , 都为过去时态。not only 置与句首，应该倒装，借助于助动词did。锦囊妙计常考虑: 1. 动词与动词平行、形容词与形容词平行、分词与分词平行、不定式与不定式平行、短语与短语平行。2. 平行结构经常借助于并列连词and, but, or或连词词组not onlybut also, notbut, eitheror, neithernor, as well as 等。歼灭难点训练1. （）The Indians of the Southwestern United States are famous for their beautiful art work, especially hand made jewelry cast in silver, carved out of stones, or decorate with beads and feathers.2. （）Go down to the shop and to buy a mouse-trap , but dont tell anyone what it is for!3. （）Shes famous not only in the United States but also on abroad.4. （）The full preparations if you make, the surer of success youll certainly be.5. （）A seeing-eye dog is a special dog that helps blind people walk along the streets and doing many other things.6. （）Day after day we see its light and feel its warm.7. （）He said it was best to stay until help arrived rather than to go into the forest and get lost.8. （）Charles and Linda Mason do all of these things as well as climbed building.9. （）Michael and Jack went to the same school and then the same university.10. （）In many countries people put notices in newspapers if they are trying to get information or finding a house and the rooms that they can live in 难点33 一致现象不可忽视难点磁场1. ()Last week my parents and I took a two-day trip to Emei Mountain in Sichuan. The three of them were very excited. 79. _ (NMET2002)2. ()I used to love science classall of thembiology, chemistry, geography, physics. 86. _ (2001春季)3. ()But then there is always more mysteries to look into. 92. _ (NMET 2001春季)4. ()Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library. 94. _ (NMET2000)5. ()I am happy with any programme but the others spent a lot of time arguing92. _ (NMET1999)案例探究1. Id like very much to come but I had an examination on Monday morning.(NMET 2000春季)解析：此题为五星级题。考查时态一致。had 改为have。动词的时态要与上下文的时态保持一致。根据全文时态，此句为一般现在时，所以had 应为have。2. Now someone at home reads instead. (NMET 1999)解析：此题为五星级题。考查代词上下文指代一致。someone 改为everyone或everybody。 本文意思是：既然电视机卖了，全家每个人都没法看了，现在都改成读书了。根据代词指代内容要与指代的意义上一致的原则，这里指代的是家里的每一个人即：everyoneeverybody。3. A seeing-eye dog is a special dog that help blind people walk along the streets and doing many other things.解析：此题为五星级题。此题考查代词所指代的内容要与该先行词保持一致的原则。A special dog 是先行词，that 指代a special dog, 在定语从句中作主语，所以help 应与先行词在数上保持一致。help改为helps。e. g. He is one of the students who have been to the Great Wall in his class.He is the only one of the students who has been to the Great Wall in his class.4. Dad, as well as Mom and I, are with you.解析：此题为四星级题。此题考查主谓一致原则。 as well as 连接两个主语，谓语动词应与前面的主语一致。are改为is。e. g. Tom as well as two of his students was invited to the party.The teacher as well as the students likes the paintings.as well as, together with, with, like, but , except , including 等介词短语连接两个主语，其保持一致原则是与其前的主语一致。5. Id like to your pen friend解析：此题为五星级题。考查谓语动词与主语主谓一致的原则。to 后加be。该句中like 是及物动词，意为“想要”。通常用would like to do 的形式，是一种比较委婉客气的说法。如：Id like to go there alone. 本题题意：我想做你的笔友。从结构上看，Id like to 后缺动词，从意义上判断应是be或become。所以，应在like 之后加上动词be或become。锦囊妙计短文改错中所涉及到的一致关系主要包括主谓一致、时态一致、代词指代一致。谓语动词的单、复数形式要与句子主语保持一致；动词的时态要与时间状语或上下文的时态保持一致；代词所指代的内容要与该先行词在词性和数方面保持一致，要与其自身的指代在意义上保持一致。歼灭难点训练1. （）The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.2. （）My favourite sport is football. I was member of our school football team.3. （）And they must not break the rules too often if we want to win the game.4. （）Mr. and Mrs. Smith and her children were going to spend their holidays.5. （）How I hoped that I will go through the job-hunting talk today and he6. （）As soon as the train stopped, everybody came to life , taking their bag and rushing into the platform.7. （）It is true that people of different age understand music differently and enjoy differently music .8. （）The familiar patterns of notes attracts me into the colourful world of music.9. （）Like most of grown-ups, she enjoys folk songs, because the peaceful music reminds her of their beautiful life when she was young.难点34 句子衔接加连词高考英语短文改错命题的一个重要方面就是考查连接手段，连词使用不当会造成上下句不衔接。英语中的词与词、句与句之间必须使用并列或从属连词。难点磁场1. （）It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain. 78. _ (NMET2002)2. （）The food was expensive and the service was good. 84. _ (NMET2002)3. （）It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. 84. _ (NMET2001)4. （） felt that they helped me understand what the world works. 89. _ (NMET2001春季)5. （）She was smiling but nodding at me. 92. _ (NMET2000)案例探究1. If the book you want is out, you may ask for it to be called back for you, and whether you pay the cost of sending a post card, the librarian will write to you.解析：此题为五星级题。whether改为If。此题考查if与whether作为连词的区别。此处为if引导的条件状语从句，表示“如果”；如用whether，则表示“是否”，语意不通。在下列情况下一般只用whether：引导介词后的宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句或在whether to do, whetheror not中。e. g. Whether well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.I asked him whether he would go or not.2. I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China.解析：此题为四星级题。此题考查定语从句中的非关系代词、副词的用法。where改为which。这是一个非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，主语应由关系代词来充当，所以应将关系词where改为which。此句应改为：I live in Beijing, where there are lot of places of interest. 先行词在定语从句为地点状语，所以应用关系副词where。如：e. g. This is a house that / which I visited yesterday.This is a house where I spent a happy childhood.3. It is a very important exam but I cant afford to fail it解析：此题为五星级题。此题考查并列句之间的关系，在此两句为因果关系，所以根据句意，but改为so。 4. When I was on the stage the next day, I felt so nervous as I shook like a leaf.(NMET2000)解析：此题为四星级题。考查sothat引导的结果状语从句。把as改为that, 结果状语从句一般由so that，sothat，suchthat引导。e. g. The box is so heavy that nobody can move it.It is such a heavy box that nobody can move it.He got up later so that missed the first bus.锦囊妙计在连接手段上应侧重考虑：1. 语句中的词与词、句与句之间必须使用并列或从属连词。2. 若为并列句，要判断句与句之间的关系是并列、转折、选择、递进还是让步关系，从而选择恰当的连词。3. 若为复合句，首先判断属于何种从句，然后根据主、从句之间的关系判断连接词使用是否准确或是否有遗漏或多余现象，要注意句子结构的完整性。歼灭难点训练1. （）When I talked to him, and I found that from childhood he had developed the habit of reading2. （）As you know, there are still some students, most of which are boys of science, learn English with much trouble.3. （）I realized that I had left soft drinks at the store but I ran out to get it before guests arrived.4. （）the only thing I think is that when Im going to get home to listen to a new piece.5. （）The question is, “How can we do about it ?”6. （）that old people should usually like to wear dark colored clothes, they are rather hard for drivers to make out from a distance.7. （）I take science though Im not good at remembering things.8. （）in order to find out that whether the environment of the country had been polluted.9. （）I found a most favourable point, and was just about to jump into the river while there came a cry.10. （）He liked to help young people who got into trouble, because he himself was often out of work.难点35 抓大放小，不漏要点高考英语书面表达要求学生通过审查文字提示、图画、表格等后进行有一定控制性的写作。学生在这种题型上常犯的错误之一就是：遗漏要点。难点磁场6月9日，星期天，你和朋友本来约好去看球赛，但未看成。请你根据下列六幅图画写一篇日记。注意：（1）日记必须包括所有图画内容，可以适当增减细节，使日记连贯；（2）词数100左右。（3）开头已给出。June 9, SundayFineIt is Sudnay today. 案例探究10月23日（星期五）中午在你上学途中发生了一件事情。请根据下列图画用英语写一篇日记。注意：（1）日记须包括所有图画的内容，可适当增减细节，使日记连贯。（2）词数100左右。命题意图：本题考查学生的读图能力和运用逻辑讲述故事、传达主旨的能力。错解分析：（1）人称、时态运用不准确；（2）主要内容遗漏。解题技巧与方法：（1）细读文字说明部分，弄清人称、时间、事件背景；（2）仔细观察每一幅图，确定文章中心，确定内容要点：a. 听见喊救命，下水救女孩 b. 好心人相助 c. 送女孩去医院 d. 上课迟到 e. 感谢信 f. 受表扬；（3）依据要点写出提纲，然后拓展成文；（4）检查要点、格式、人称、时态、动词变化形式、标点符号等。参考答案：October 23rd FridayFineOn my way to school at noon I heard loud shouts from the lake. I found a girl struggling in the water. I quickly jumped into the lake, swam towards the drowning girl and carried her to the bank. A kind woman also came to help. We immediately sent the girl to the nearest hospital. When I hurried to school, I was late for class. However, I didnt explain to my teacher what had happened. But to my surprise, a letter of thanks to me was put up on the bulletin board in our school in the afternoon. So my teacher and classmates knew the whole thing and they praised me a lot. I felt a little shy but proud.锦囊妙计1. 文字、图画或图表同等重视，不可厚此薄彼，粗心大意。2. 确定中心，围绕中心确定内容要点，凡是对说明文章中心来讲必不可少的内容切不可遗漏，而与中心无关的的细枝末节都可以省略; 3. 可将内容要点写在草稿纸上，然后依据要点写出提纲，成文后再根据草稿纸上的要点逐一查对。歼灭难点训练1. （）假设你是李华，你的美国朋友Mike将于6月底到北京作短暂停留，请你帮他安排一天的活动。要求用所给的示意图写一封信向他提出建议并对各地点加以简单的介绍。注意：（1）包括示意图中主要内容；（2）词数100左右；（3）信的开头已为你写好。（4）生词：图书城Book TownDear Mike，Im glad to hear you are coming soonIve planned a one-day trip for you in Beijing Best wishes，ours Li Hua2. （）你和李明参加了一次野外生存训练。以下5幅图画表现了野外训练活动的过程，请根据图示写一篇英文日记。注意：（1）词数100左右。（2）日记的开头已为你写好。生词：指南针：compass n. 手电筒: flashlight n.急救包：first-aid kit 宿营地：campsite n.Saturday, May 4, 2002CloudyLi Ming and I took part in a wilderness survival program yesterday, and it has been one of the most unforgettable experiences since high school3. （）假如你是李华，下面四幅图画反映你家乡的自然环境的变化情况。请你向报社写一封信反映此情况并提出加强环保的建议。词数100左右，开头已写出（不计入总词数）。参考词语：wasteland 荒地 sandstorm 沙尘暴Dear editor, In the past, my hometown难点36 重在流畅，切忌硬译一篇好的书面表达应该表意清晰，语言流畅，没有翻译的痕迹。难点磁场假如你是某报社记者，请根据下表提供的信息写一篇英文稿，简要地报道中国开发西部的有关情况。主要情况范围：9个省、自治区（autonomous regions），一直辖市（municipality）面积：540万平方公里人口：2. 85亿实施要点交通（transportation）建设：修建多条公路，铁路环境保护：退耕还林，防治污染资源利用：开发利用其丰富的天然资源人才引用：广纳各类专家，技术人员注意：（1）短文须包括所有提示要点；适当增加细节，使内容连贯；（2）短文的开头已经给出；（3）词数100左右。New Development for Central and Western ChinaThe Chinese government has recently decided to develop central and Western China.案例探究请根据下面文字及表格中的内容写一篇短文。你于2001年暑期参加了第21届大运会（the 21st Universiade）的志愿者工作（voluntary work）。你为此感到骄傲并希望2008年北京举办奥运会时能再次充当志愿者。工作时间八月下旬，每天七个小时工作地点运动员村（the Villages）的后勤部（the supply office）工作内容配送（prepare and deliver）毛巾（towel）、香皂、铅笔、纸张等日常用品到客房服务对象来自世界各地的运动员及官员感受、感想工作辛苦且琐碎（trifling），但很重要注意：短文必须以第一人称写。应包括全部要点。词数100左右。命题意图：考查学生对表格的理解，以及依据表格提供的内容表情达意的能力。错解分析：学生做此类题时的最大毛病是不会重新组织所给材料，仅仅逐条翻译。解题方法与技巧：（1）审题，确定人称、时态、主要内容；（2）依据常理，将以上内容的顺序做适当调整；（3）写出提纲，拓展成文；（4）检查要点有无遗漏，上下是否衔接，所用动词时态、语态、变形是否准确。参考答案：In the late August this year, I took part in the voluntary work for the 21st Universiade. Every day I was working in the supply office in the Villages for 7 hours. My job was to prepare and deliver daily supplies, such as towels, soap, toothbrushes, paper, pencils and so on, to the rooms of the officials and athletes from all over the world. The job was hard and trifling. None the less, it was very important.When the 21st Universiade closed, I completed my job successfully. N