完形5议论文类完形填空解题指导与训练3P.doc

议论文类完形填空解题指导与训练资料来源：广东教育高中2008年第12期佛山市南海区石门中学狮山校区谢期繁一、文章特点议论文是一种通过“剖析事物，论述事理，提出主张，发表见解”的文体。议论文的三要素是论点（作者的观点，也就是被证明的对象）、论据（用来证明论点的依据，是说明论点的理由和材料）和论证（运用论据证明论点的过程与方法）。高考议论型短文分为两种，一种是夹叙夹议型短文；另一种是纯议论型短文。第一种的基本模式是：叙述事件，提出感悟，作出结论。第二种的基本模式是：提出问题分析问题解决问题。纯议论型短文有以下特点：(1)鲜明的观点。一开始就旗帜鲜明，挑明主题(thesis)，一般来说每一段的第一句一般都是top sentence，然后再逐步展开。(2)合理的论证。提出相关的理由来有力地支持自己的观点。这些理由旨在回答一个基本问题，即：Why do you think so?提倡引用统计数字和事例来作证。(3)推理的条理性和逻辑性。有时会较多地使用这类性质的过渡词和连接词。二、解题技巧根据议论文的文体特点，我们在解题时应该考虑使用以下技巧：技巧一：关注文段首句，领会大意。通过理解文章的首句，我们可以明确短文话题，了解篇章结构，预测全文内容。通过理解段落的首句，也可明确每段的大意。技巧二：根据前后语境，上下联系。有时只需从空格所在的句子的上文或下文考虑；有时需要从空格所在句子的前后2-3句考虑；还有的可能要从整个段落或整篇文章给予考虑，才可选出正确选项。上下文提供的信息对应关系以及词语的重复使用，对解答完形填空也非常有用。对于文中生词的处理，有的可以通过句法分析判断词性，根据上下文猜测其大意；对不影响文章理解和解题的生词可以跳过不管。技巧三：根据词语辨析，挑选答案。理解句子含义，判断句义关系，从词汇的意义、用法和搭配考虑，把握整体意思，寻找答题线索。三、实例分析阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从2130各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Why is it that we tend to value relationships more once theyve ended? Is it simply human nature to _ 21 _ the smile of someone close, the friendship of a relative, and the concern of a neighbor? At the moment, we think that these people will be _ 22 _ forever.Most of us never stop to imagine all those who have a deep impact on our lives. Its so easy to justify this _ 23 _ attitude by saying we are too busy, too tired, too involved with work, too concerned about money, and the list of _ 24 _ goes on and on. So _ 25 _ a friendship may be put off for one day, and then another. Before long, feelings have _ 26 _, and there is less encouraging to get together. Usually, something _ 27 _ must happen to change this indifference and stop one leading a routine existence. Perhaps its something shocking, like a death, a divorce, sudden illness, an accident - something stunning to force taking notice. Then comes the guilt, the _ 28 _ of feelings, the sadness of loss. We _ 29 _ to have those precious moments once again, to share and express our feelings. Instead of waiting for an excuse, why not take the action, and spend quality time with the people you _ 30 _. Let them know how really important they are.21. A. take into consideration B. take for granted C. take after D. take care of 22. A. around B. out C. over D. deep23. A. thoughtful B. serious C. irresponsibleD. casual24. A. causes B. reasons C. excuses D. thoughts 25. A. making B. enjoying C. creating D. imagining 26. A. increased B. faded C. strengthened D. disappeared 27. A. dramatic B. terrified C. precious D. impressive28. A. re-amusement B. re-comment C. re-assessment D. re-encouragement 29. A. tend B. long C. pretend D. hesitate30. A. encourage B. appreciate C. noticed D. value答案与分析：本文是一篇纯议论型短文，讲述的是我们应该珍惜人与人之间的各种关系、友谊不要等到失去了才知道珍惜。文章结构是：提出问题分析问题解决问题。文章的首句通过一个反问句来提出问题：我们要到失去了才知道珍惜人与人之间的各种关系？文章的第二和第三段开始分析了为什么我们不去珍惜维系这些友谊的原因，即：Why do you think so?最后一段是解决问题：我们应该多花时间去珍惜应该珍惜之人。第2122题可结合首句选出正确答案。本文首句不设空，通过一个反问句来提出问题：为什么我们要等到失去了才知道珍惜人与人之间的各种关系？由此句可以推断出21和22题的答案。21题，本句也是一个反问句，与首句相呼应。句意为：我们不要想当然（take for granted）地认为好友的微笑、亲戚的友谊和邻居的关心是人的自然本性。故选B。22题，句意是“此时我们会认为这些人永远会在我们身旁(will be around forever)”，故选A。第2326题由第二段的第一句推断出来。该句大意为“大部分人都不会停下自己的事情去想象（注意stop to do的用法）对我们有着深远影响的人”。因此，我们只会采取敷衍的、随意的（casual）态度对待自己的朋友，并且找到各种借口（excuses）。这样的话，享受(enjoying)友谊只能一天天地推迟，一直到朋友间的感情慢慢地淡化（faded）。由此得出1326的答案分别是D、B和B。27题根据后文去推断。根据后文its something shocking, like a death, a divorce, sudden illness, an accident。这些事情应该是“戏剧性的、出人意料的(dramatic)”，故选A。28题，意外事件的影响是：负疚感，感情的重新评估(re-assessment)，失去朋友的悲伤。故选C。29题可根据词语辨析选出正确答案。long to do意为“渴望做某事”。30题可根据议论文结构选择正确答案。本文的结构是：提出问题分析问题解决问题。30题是文章的最后一句，即解决问题：我们不要等候借口，我们要采取行动，同自己珍惜（value）的人好好地过高质量的生活。与文章的首句相呼应。故选D。四、即时练习阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从2130各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。(1)An elderly carpenter was ready to retire. He told his employer of his plans to leave the _21_business to live a more leisurely life with his wife and enjoy his extended family. The employer was sorry to see his good worker go and asked if he could build just one more house as a personal favor. The carpenter said yes, but over time it was easy to see that his heart was not in his work. He 22 bad workmanship and used materials of poor quality. It was an _23 way to end a dedicated career.When the carpenter finished his work, his employer came to 24 the house. Then he handed the front-door 25 to the carpenter and said, This is your house. my gift to you.The carpenter was 26 !What a shame! If he had only known he was building his own house, he would have done it all so 27 .So it is with us. We build our lives, a day at a time, often putting less than our 28_ into the building. Then, with a shock, we realize we have to live in the house we have built. If we could do it over, we would do it much differently.But, you cannot go back. You are the carpenter. Your 29 , and the choices you make today, help build the house you will live in tomorrow. Therefore, 30 wisely!21. A. baby-sitting B. job-hunting C. house-building D. furniture-repairing22. A. turned to B. gave up C. dedicated to D. got down to 23. A. unacceptable B. unavoidable C. unbelievable D. unsuitable24. A. auction B. inspect C. decorate D. sell 25. A. key B. handle C. lock D. frame 26. A. disappointed B. shocked C. delighted D. bored 27. A. patiently B. carefully C. differently D. beautifully28. A. most B. worst C. farthest D. best 29. A. attitude B. skill C. workmanship D. thought30. A. think B. employ C. retire D. build (2)If a person has no true joy in his heart, he will not find true joy outside though he is in heaven itself, and in the company of angels. Heaven must be 21 right here, right now, within ourselves if we are to experience it ever.A stream extending itself too far into a desert will go dry. Man too dries up 22 , spiritually and emotionally, when he extends himself too far in his search for outward 23 . The wellspring of enjoyment lies in his 24 self. The more truly he lives in himself, the more _25 will his outer life be, also. Mans inner self is the 26 that feeds all his knowing, all that he can enjoy on earth. If he _27 it, all his awareness must wither and die. If one neglects a spring, it may 28 up and stop flowing. You have only to look into the eyes of 29 unaware people, especially as they grow older, to see what has happened to them. It is only by making friends with his inner Self first that he can ever make friends with the 30 .21. A. accompanied B. experienced C. discovered D. experimented22. A. outside B. inside C. deep D. farther23. A. concerns B. cares C. pleasuresD. emotions 24. A. outer B. whole C. old D. inner25. A. rewarding B. desiring C interesting D. challenging26. A. gardener B. master C. spring D. autumn 27. A. dismisses B. admits C. discourages D. neglects28. A. block B. blow C. throw D. lift 29. A. physically B. thoughtfully C. spiritually D. emotionally30. A. lord B. heaven C. angel D. world (3)Desire is one of the great contradictory statements of being human. We find desire both at the heart of our greatest 21 and of our greatest suffering. Sometimes we are empowered and uplifted by our desires, and at other times we feel 22 to them.Our 23 reach down to the very center of our beings, and if we know how to listen, they will tell us important secrets about the 24 parts of ourselves. When we are sincere in seeking to truly know and understand ourselves, our desires give us the 25 to deeper self-knowledge and understanding.When a desire enters our awareness, it usually takes the form of a 26 desire to posses a certain THING, or have a certain SITUATION. For example, we may desire things like money, clothes, a new car, chocolate, etc. We may desire 27 like a romantic relationship, a secure or rewarding job, more free time, or parents who really understand and support us.Our culture has taught us that the way to achieve 28 is by acquiring the things and situations that we desire. However, by the time we reach adulthood, most of us have noticed that new desires 29 as quickly as we satisfy our old ones. We can see that 30 our desires is a journey without an end, and that lasting happiness is not a product of that journey. If we look closely at our desires, we can understand why this is so.21. A. anger B. joy C. wonder D. luck22. A. enslaved B. endangered C. enforced D. enclose23. A. happiness B. sufferings C. desires D. relationships 24. A. separate B. whole C. compared D. hidden25. A. keys B. entrances C. doors D. exits26. A. abstract B. concrete C. single D. unique 27. A. affections B. communications C. creations D. situations28. A. sweetness B. politeness C. happiness D. cleanliness 29. A. arise B. die C. proceed D. occur 30. A. creating B. chasing C. controlling D. obtaining 答案与简析(1)这是一篇夹叙夹议型的完形填空，文章先叙述一个小故事：一个老木匠退休前敷衍所做的房子正是老板要送给他的礼物，然后提出感悟：我们应该全神贯注的做好每件事，于人于己。文章的结构是：叙述事件，提出感悟，作出结论。21. C。根据上文的carpenter以及第二段第一句的build just one more house，可知应该用house-building。22. A。根据前面一句“木匠表面答应，可是却无心建造”可知，木匠想要退休了，没心思，他求助于(turn to)槽糕的工艺来蒙混过关。workmanship意为“工艺，手艺，技巧”。23. D。老木匠采取这样的方式敷衍是不合适的(unsuitable)。24. B。建好房子，老板过来检查验收(inspect)房子。根据后文可知老板过来把房子送给木匠，不是来装修。25. A。根据后文，把房子送给木匠，因此是给钥匙给他。26. B。木匠没有想到，当然是震惊（shocked）了。27. C。如果他知道他在建的是属于自己的房子，他会用不同的方式，不同的态度去建。28. D。根据上文，木匠