倾听的力量TED演讲稿.doc

Listening is an active skill. Whereas hearing is passive, listening is something that we have to work at. Its a relationship with sound. And yet its a skill that none of us are taught. For example, have you ever considered that there are listening positions, places you can listen from? Here are two of them. Reductive listening is listening for. It reduces everything down to whats relevant and it discards everything thats not relevant. Men typically listen reductively. So hes saying, Ive got this problem. Hes saying, Heres your solution. Thanks very much. Next. Thats the way we talk, right guys? Expansive listening, on the other hand, is listening with, not listening for. Its got no destination in mind. Its just enjoying the journey. Women typically listen expansively. If you look at these two, eye contact, facing each other, possibly both talking at the same time. Men, if you get nothing else out of this talk, practice expansive listening, and you can transform your relationships.认真倾听是一种主动技能。普通地听是被动的，而倾听却是要花功夫的。倾听是处理声音与声音之间的关系。它也是一种与生俱来的能力。比如，你考虑过倾听也有不同的姿势，以便你接收声音吗？看以下两个例子。删减性的倾听是有“选择”的听。它会只关注你想要知道的东西，而忽略无关紧要的内容。男人通常会删减性的倾听。比如一个人说：“我有个问题。”另一个人说：“这是你的答案。多谢。下一位。”这就是我们谈话的方式，对吧，男士们？ 而另外一种，扩展性的倾听是“无目的”，“无选择”的。听你脑海里并没有明确的目标而只是享受听的过程。女人通常会扩展性的倾听。看看这两位，面对面，保持眼神交流，可能两人同时都在说话。男士们，如果你们谈话时觉得索然无味，试试扩展性的倾听，或许可以改善你们的关系。The first really big health issue is a word that Murray Schafer coined: schizophonia. Its a dislocation between what you see and what you hear. So, were inviting into our lives the voices of people who are not present with us. I think theres something deeply unhealthy about living all the time in schizophonia. The second problem that comes with headphone abuse is compression. We squash music to fit it into our pocket and there is a cost attached to this. Listen to this - this is an uncompressed piece of music. And now the same piece of music with 98% of the data removed. I do hope that some of you at least can hear the difference between those two. There is a cost of compression. It makes you tired and irritable to have to make up all of that data. Youre having to imagine it. Its not good for you in the long run. The third problem with headphones is this: deafness.第一大严重的健康问题，根据Murray Schafer的话说，就是“幻听”。这是一种错乱，使你看到的和听到的并不一致。所以，我们的生活中，就多了一些不在我们身边的人发出的声音。我认为时时处于“幻听”中对健康十分不利。 与滥用耳机相伴而来的第二个问题是压缩音乐。我们压缩音乐，以便能装进口袋，然而也付出了代价。听听这个，是一段没有压缩的音乐。同样的一段音乐，但却少了98%的信息。我希望至少有一部分人能听出其中的差别。这就是压缩音乐的代价。为了补上丢失的信息，你很容易变得疲劳、烦躁。你需要通过想象来弥补这个空白。长期下去，会对健康不利。 滥用耳机带来的第三个问题是耳聋。Lets move away from bad sound and look at some friends that I urge you to seek out. WWB: Wind, water, birds - stochastic natural sounds composed of lots of individual random events, all of it very healthy, all of it sound that we evolved to over the years. Seek those sounds out; theyre good for you and so is this. Silence is beautiful. The Elizabethans described language as decorated silence. I urge you to move away from silence with intention and to design soundscapes just like works of art.Have a foreground, a background, all in beautiful proportion. Its fun to get into designing with sound. If you cant do it yourself, get a professional to do it for you. Sound design is the future, and I think its the way were going to change the way the world sounds.不谈噪音了，我们来谈谈一些你应该去寻求的好朋友。风水鸟：风声、水声、鸟声，大自然的声音。它们都由各种不同的细节组成，对健康十分有好处，因为它们都是我们进化过程中我们陪伴我们的声音。寻求这些声音吧，对你们有好处。还有这个。安静是美好的。古人曾把语言比作修饰过的安静。我建议你们刻意地远离安静，去设计像艺术品一样有画面感的声音。有前景，有背景，并且比例协调。设计声音是很有趣的，如果自己不会做的话，可以找专业人士帮忙。声音设计就是未来，也是一种让世界变得好听的方法。And four modalities where you need to take some action and get involved. First of all, listen consciously. I hope that after this talk youll be doing that. Its a whole new dimension to your life and its wonderful to have that dimension. Secondly, get in touch with making some sound. Create sound. The voice is the instrument we all play, and yet how many of us are trained in using our voice? Get trained. Learn to sing. Learn to play an instrument. Musicians have bigger brains. Its true. You can do this in groups as well. Its a fantastic antidote to schizophonia. To make music and sound in a group of people, whichever style you enjoy particularly. And lets take a stewarding role for the sound around us. Protect your ears? Yes, absolutely. Design soundscapes to be beautiful around you at home and at work. And lets start to speak up when people are assailing us with the noise that I played you early on.还有四种方法需要你采取行动参与其中。首先专心地听。我希望在我的讲话过后你们就能去这样做。这会是你们人