九年级助动词和情态动词专项复习(鲁教版).doc

助动词和情态动词专项复习助动词本身没有词义，不能单独作谓语，其作用是辅助实义动词组成谓语，构成句子的疑问式、否定式，以及构成各种时态和语态。常见的助动词有be, do, have, will, shall, should, would等。它们的具体用法如下：1助动词be（1）可用于构成进行时态：I am watching a TV play. 我正在看一部电视剧。She is doing her homework now. 她正在做家庭作业。（2）可用于构成被动语态：The baby was put in bed by his mother.婴儿被妈妈放在床上。The invitation was received yesterday. 这封请柬是昨天收到的。（3）可与动词不定式构成谓语：Where are we to meet? 我们在哪里碰头？These books are not to be taken out of the room.这些书不得带出教室。2助动词have （1）构成完成时态：I have not seen him for three years.我三年没见他了。How long has your uncle taught in the village .你叔叔在这个村子里教书教了多长时间？（2）和动词不定式构成谓语，表示因客观环境促使不得不做的事情：She had to go shopping yesterday .她昨天不得不去购物。3助动词do（1）构成疑问句和否定句：Did anyone sharpen this knife ?有人把刀磨利了吗？I dont think you are right. 我认为你不对。（2）用来加强语气：I do want to have a talk with you.我的确想和你谈一谈。Do come and see me . 一定要来看我。（3）用来代替动词词组：Have you finished your work ? Yes, I did yesterday .你做完了你的工作了吗？做完了，我昨天做完的。He plays basketball well. So does his brother .他篮球打得好，他哥哥靥打得好。4 助动词shall（1）构成将来时态，单纯表示未来情况.。I shall not be back tonight.今天晚上我不回来了。We shall pay a visit to the Great Wall next month.下个月我们要参观长城。(2)现代英语有一个明显的发展趋势，就是第一人称用shall表示将来时间已越来越少了，大量采用的是will , 它在陈述句中能用于所有人称，即使第一人称疑问句也用will,美国英语尤其如此。如：They will help to protect the environment. 他们将帮助保护环境。Will I be able to go out tomorrow? 明天我能出去吗？5. 助动词will构成将来时，用于第一、二、三人称。如:They will move to a new house .他们将搬进新房子。She will not eat any solid food.她不是固体食物。6 其他一些助动词（1）have to 表示“不得不，必须”如：She has to do housework .她得做家务。They have to leave now. 他们现在得走了。A have to 可用于多种时态：I missed the train ,so I had to take a taxi.我误了火车，所以我得乘出租车。Im sorry I wont go with you, Ill have to go to the bank.抱歉，我不能和你去了，我得去银行。B have to 的否定与疑问形式必须借助于助动词to,解释为“不必”或“有必要吗”。如：We dont have to install this new television set.我们不必安装新电视。She doesnt have to meet him at the bus stop.她不必去汽车站接他了。(2) had better 动词原形（最好）,表示建议和劝告，其简略式为 d better 。如：Id better stay here. 我最好呆在这里。Wed better wait for him. 我们最好等他。注意：A 其否定形式had better not + 动词原形（最好不）Wed better not go back to the station.我们最好不要返回火车站。B 疑问形式将had提前。如：What had I better do ?我最好不要做什么呢？要点即境活用一句型转换将下列句子改为否定句。 He likes playing chess. There will be a meeting tomorrow morning.将下列句子改为一般疑问句。 He usually goes to work on foot. Toms already taken some photos on the Great Wall二单项选择1 Hurry up! Were all waiting for you .- I _ for an important phone call. Go without me.A wait B was waiting C am waiting D waited2 - I didnt see you at the meeting yesterday. Why?- I _ for a long distance call then from my daughter in Canada. A waited B have waited C was waiting D will wait 3 The tall building _ ten years ago ,but it still looks quite new.A was built B must be built C is built D built 4 Jim goes roller skating in Saturdays.(改为一般疑问句)_ Jim _ roller skating on Saturdays ?5 - When _ you _ your old friend?- The day before yesterday.A will ;visit B did; visit C have ;visited 6 “_for school,” said the teacher to the boys.A Be not late B Not be late C Dont be late D Not late 7 - Who broke that window?- I _.A did B do C broke D had8 Could you tell me if it _ tomorrow?A rain B will rain C raining D rains 9 - How was your weekend ?- Great! We _ a picnic by the lake .A have B are having C had D will have10 - I wonder if your wife will go to the party . - If your wife _,so _.A does; does she B will ; will mine C does; will mine D will ; will I 11 This kind of food _ cool, clean and dry according to the instruction.A should be carried B must be put C should be placed D must be kept 12 I _ to Canada twice .Its so beautiful.A wont go B have gone C dont go d have been13 She listens to the radio every day,_ ?A doesnt B isnt she C hasnt D wont she 14 - When _ you _ the bike ? - Last month.A have ;bought B had ;bought C do; buy D did; buy15 Well go to the farm and help the farmers with the apple-picking if it _ tomorrow.A wont rain B will be rainy C doesnt rain D isnt raining 情态动词1情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，或表示主观设想。情态动词有自己的词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须和不带to的动词不定式（ought除外）连用，没有人称和数的变化。常用的情态动词有can, may, must, ought to , will, shall, should, would , need, dare. （1）情态动词有自己的词义，表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，或主观设想。如：You may go now.你现在可以走了。（表示“许可”）This bus can seat 40 people.这辆公共汽车可坐40 人。（表示“能”）The work must be finished as soon as possible. 这项工作必须尽快完成。（表示“必须”）You mustnt lend it to others. 你不许把它借给别人。（表示“不准”）（2）情态动词不能单独作谓语，必须和不带to 的不定式（ought除外）连用，没有人称和数的变化。归纳如下：现在式否定式疑问式过去式否定式疑问式maymay notMay+主语mightmight notMight+主语cancan notCan+主语couldCould notCould+主语mustMust notMust+主语Ought toOught not (to)Ought+主语+toOught to Ought not to Ought+主语+towillWill not Will+主语WouldWould not Would+主语shallShall not Shall+主语Should Should notShould+主语needNeed notNeed+主语dareDare notDare+主语daredDared notDared+主语（3）情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式：现在式过去式may mightcan couldmust _ought to _will wouldshall shouldneed _dare dared这些过去式并不都代表过去。如：I would like to have a talk with you .我想跟你谈一谈。（表示委婉的语气。）You might be right .你可能是正确的。（表示推测）2情态动词的用法：（1） may 的用法A 表示允许或征询对方的许可，有“可以”的意思。may not 表示说话人“不许可”。如：You may go now.你现在可以走了。May I use your typewriter? 我可以用一下你的打字机吗？You may not go = I do not permit you to go .我不允许你走。B.在回答may 引导的疑问句时，肯定回答用Yes, you may.否定句用No, you mustnt. No, you cant. 或 No, you had better not.在表示“不可以”、“禁止”、“阻止”的意思时，常用must not(mustnt)代替may not 。如：May I come in ?我可以进来吗？Yes , please. 请进来。May I smoke here？我可以在这里抽烟吗？No，you mustnt. 请不要抽烟。C may 表示可能，通常只用于陈述句。（may所表示的可能性比might 大）如：You may be right .你可能是正确的。It might rain this afternoon.今天下午可能下雨。D 在口语中can 可以代替may表示许可，而may 比较正式。如：Class is over. You can go home now.下课了，你现在可以回家了。Can I use your camera? 我可以用一下你的相机吗？E might ,could 用于现在时，语气较为委婉、礼貌。如：Might Could invite you to dinner?我可以邀请你吃饭吗？(2) can A 表示能力，有“能”、“会”、“能够”的意思。Can you drive a car?你会开车吗？Yes, I can.我会。/No, I cant .我不会。The hall can hold at least 2,000 people.这个大厅至少能容纳2，000 人。B 表示允许，在口语中代替may,有“可以”的意思。Can I use your bike ? 我可以用你的车子吗？The librarian said we could take these books home.图书管理员说我们可以把书带回家。C 表示“可能性”，常用于否定句或疑问句。Can it be true? 那会是真的吗？Today is Sunday ,he cant be at school today.今天是星期天，他不可能在学校里。He cant be a millionaire.他不可能是个百万富翁。He couldnt be a millionaire. 他不大可能是个百万富翁。D can 和be able to 的用法比较a can 用来表达能力时，由于只有现在时和过去时两种形式，其他时态要用be able to 来表达.如：I can play piano.我会弹钢琴。He has no been able to finish the work in time .他没能及时完成工作。b 通常这二者可以互换。如：She will come if she can.=She will come if she is able to .她如果能来一定来。I couldnt understand him.=I wasnt be able to understand him.我不明白他的意思。注意：a 如果我们要表示一个动作成功地完成了，那么必须使用was able to ,而不能用could。如：He didnt agree with me at first, but I was able to persuade him.起初，他不同意我的意见，但我设法说服了他。He was able to leave Europe before the war began.他设法在战争前离开了欧洲。B 在否定句中could与be able to 两者意思一样。如：I could not swim to the other side of the river.I wasnt able to swim to the other side of the river.我没能游到河的对岸去。(3) mustA must 表示必须，应该。如：Must I come to the party ?我必须参加聚会吗？The article must be completed before Friday.这篇文章必须在星期五之前完成。B must 的否定形式must not =mustnt,表示“不应该”、“不许可”、“不准”、“禁止”。如：You mustnt get to school too late.我们不能到校太迟。C在回答must的疑问句时，否定式常用need not=neednt, 或dont have to 表示“不必”、“用不着”，而不用must not。如：Must I do it now? Yes, you must ./ No, you neednt.D 表示推测，只用在肯定句中。如：She must be at school.她肯定在学校。She must have gone to Beijing.她一定已经去北京了。She must be working in the fields.她肯定在田里劳动。E must 和have to 都可以表示必须，但must 表示说话人的主观看法，have to 表示客观需要。must 只有现在时，要表示过去时和将来时需要用had to 和will have to.如：You must say sorry to me for that .你必须为那件事向我道歉。You mustnt clean only your own room.你不能光打扫自己的房间。You wont have to wait for me .你不必等我。(4) need a need 作为情态动词主要用于否定句和疑问句，较少用于肯定句。如：I neednt wear a coat.= I dont think I need wear a coat.我不需要穿大衣。B need 用作及物动词，其否定形式要借助于dont, doesnt或didnt.疑问句形式要借助于do, does或did。如：We need some help.我们需要帮助。I dont need things like that.我不需要那样的东西。3 shall（1）用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人的意愿。如：He shall get his money.他可以拿到他的钱。You shall do exactly as you wish.你完全可以根据你的意愿行事。（2）用于第一、三人称，征求对方的意见或指示。如：Shall I turn on the light?我可以开灯吗？What shall we drink?我们喝点什么？Shall I open the window?我可以打开窗户吗？（3）用于陈述句中，表示允诺、警告、命令、决心、强制等。如：Dont worry, You shall get the answer this afternoon.别着急，今天下午你就可以得到答复了。Nothing shall stop us from carrying out this plan.什么也不能阻止未能实现这个计划。4 will(1) 用于疑问句，表示请求，邀请。如：Will you open the window?请打开窗户好吗？Will you have another cup of coffee?再喝一杯咖啡好吗？（2）表示一种意图，will通常缩写成ll,主要用于第一人称。如：Ill write as soon as I can.我打算尽早写信。We wont stay longer than two hours.我们呆在这里不会超过两个小时。（3）表示意愿。如：Hell help you if you ask him.如果你请他帮忙，他是愿意帮忙的。Hell try to mend it himself.他一定要自己修理。（4）表示预料或惯性的动作。如：The game will be finished by now.球赛大概已经结束了。Whats the matter with the door? It wont lock.这门怎么回事？锁不上了。5 would （1） 表示愿望、决心、建议或看法。如： I would like to go there.我愿意到那里去。 I promised that I would do my best.我答应过要尽力而为。（2） 表示过去的习惯。如： He would often come to my house to see me.以前经常来我家看我。6 dare用作情态动词，表示“敢于”这个意思。主要用于疑问句、否定句及条件从句中。如：Dare you go home alone?你一个人敢回家吗？He dare not even look out.他甚至向外望一望都不敢。How dare they do such a thing?他们怎么敢做这样的事？要点即境活用：用适当的情态动词填空。 You _ stop when the lights are red. The baby _ speak now. Dont play with the knife, or you _ hurt yourself. We _ think of others and we _ think of ourselves. _ please open the window? I _ play with you .I will _ do my homework. He said if he _ ask another question. Dont worry. You _ return me the book tomorrow. We _ operate the machine last week ,but we can operate it mow. I _ get up early tomorrow.选择正确答案填空。1 Can you write a letter in English? Yes, I _ .A. can B. may C. must D. could2 It _ be Li Ming. Ive just seen him in the classroom.A. may not B. couldnt C. mustnt D. cant3 You will _ see her next time.A. can B. may C. must D. be able to4 He _ come from Shanghai, but Im not sure.A. can B. may C. must D. could5 May I bring it to school? No, you _ .A. may not B. couldnt C. mustnt D. shouldnt6 Must he finish his homework before he goes home? No, he _ .A. cant B. doesnt C. ne