《中考速递》宾语从句.doc

宾语从句、定语从句一、河南中考英语说明考查点1宾语从句2定语从句二、05- 11考点统计（按照分值排序）考查点考查次数和分值宾语从句5次/ 5分定语从句4次/4分三、考点分析和2011年中考预测宾语从句和定语从句都是每年河南中考必考的项目，但考查的深度并不深。所以，这两个项目并不是河南中考的拉分项目。考生只要熟记本章所列举的知识点，基本上便稳拿此部分的分数。可以预测，2011年中考这两个语法项目会考查2分。四、2011年中考锁定考点一：宾语从句当一个从句作了动词或介词的宾语时，该从句就是宾语从句。宾语从句要有一个引导词来连接。1.宾语从句的转化和对应的引导词1)当宾语从句由陈述句转化而来，引导词用that, 在句中可以省去。 He is a student. I dont know (that) he is a student. 他是一个学生。 我不知道他是一个学生。提醒：当主句的谓语动词是think, suppose, believe, expect, imagine时，如果主句的主语是I / we，而宾语从句要表示否定意思，那么要通过否定主句的谓语来实现，即：否定转移。如：I dont think he will come. 我认为他不会来。I dont suppose he will win the game. 如果主语不是第一人称：She thinks her answer is right. She thinks her answer isnt right. 2) 由一般疑问句转化而来的宾语从句，要用引导词whether或if，连接词不能省。 Will he come here? Im not sure if (whether) he will come here. 他什么时间来？ 我不确定他什么时间来。提醒：whether, if引导宾语从句时的区别：介词后的宾语从句用whether。 Im not interested in whether the singer will come tomorrow. 我没有兴趣知道这个歌手明天是否会来。 Were talking about whether the plan is good for us. 宾语从句中有or not时，只能用whether。 The teacher wants to know whether we did our homework or not. 这个老师想知道我们是否做完了家庭作业。 (3)whether引导的宾语从句有时可以转化为“whetherto do”结构，if则不可以。如： I dont know whether I will leave this school next term. I dont know whether to leave this school next term. 我不知道明年是否要离开这个学校。 （4）在discuss之后：did you discuss whether you will have a picnic?(5)if可以引导否定的宾语从句。如： Mr. Green asked her son if he hadnt told her the truth. 3)由特殊疑问句转化而来的宾语从句，要用特殊疑问词作为句子的连接词，连接词不能省。 When are you going to leave? I dont know when you are going to leave. 你什么时间离开？ 我不知道你什么时间离开。提醒：宾语从句的几个应注意的问题1) 宾语从句跟所有的从句一样，必须用陈述结构(见陈述句) 在含有宾语从句的复合句中，宾语从句都要使用陈述语序，即：“引导词+主语+谓语+其他”。如：When did the train leave? I want to know. I want to know when the train left. Does the shop close at six every day? Do you know? Do you know if / whether the shop classes at six every day? 如果是由do, does, did构成的疑问句，在转换为宾语从句时，要去掉do, does, did。从句中的谓语动词要根据主句时态做出相应变化。Do they often play basketball? He asked. He asked if they often played basketball. What time did she get up? The young man asked. The young man asked what time she got up. Does he sing well? The music teacher asked him. The music teacher asked him if / whether he sang well. 如果是will, be, have, can组成的疑问句，在变为宾语从句时，需把will, be, have, can返回到句中原来的谓语位置上，并根据主句时态作相应变化。Will you be free tomorrow? She asked me. She asked me if / whether I would be free tomorrow. Has she seen the movie yet？I want to know. I want to know if / whether she has seen the movie yet. Can he skate? She asked. She asked if / whether he could skate.2)宾语从句的代词根据语境要和主句的人称照应“Are you a student?” She asked me. She asked me if I was a student.“你是个学生吗？”她问我。 她问我是否是个学生。3)宾语从句的时态要跟主句的时态照应。如果主句是一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句时，宾语从句的时态不受限制，可以根据实际表达的需要来确定。 I have been there twice. Tom said he had been there twice. 我已经来过两次了。 Tom说他已经来过两次了。 He will tell us that he has been able to look after himself. Tell him when we will start. 如果主句是过去时，宾语从句应与主句保持一致，即使用过去时态的某种形式。如：He said that he was born in Wuhan in 1985. They said that they had already finished the work. 如果宾语从句所叙述的是客观事实、格言、科学真理时，从句时态不受主句限制。用一般现在时。如：Everyone knew there are sixty minutes in an hour. She said that two heads are better than one. He said that light travels faster than sound. could you do.?是一个委婉的语气词，不表示过去，后边的时态不要求时态的照应。Could you tell me who is coming? 你能告诉我谁要来吗？4)由疑问句转化而来的宾语从句主句的谓语动词多是表示对从句内容不确定的动词，如：ask, want to know, wonder, not sure等,遇到词类动词后边的连词是不能用that的，如：( ) I want to know _he is a student. （答案：B）A. that B. whether C. what 解析：题意为“我想知道他是否是个学生。”连接词that指的是“确定的，已知的事实”，if为“是否”，what为“什么”。当考查宾语从句连接词的时候，只需要一次带入，能翻译通顺即可。 拓展1：( ) The plane hasnt arrived yet. Could you tell me _? （答案：A）A. why the plane is late B. how is the plane late C. When will the plane arrive D. that the plane arrives.解析：四个选项在句子中都充当宾语成分，可确定考查点为宾语从句。B、C选项中句子语序都不是陈述语序，所以排除。D中连接词that表“确定的，已知的事实”不符合语境。题意为“飞机还没有到达。你能告诉我飞机为什么晚点吗？” 拓展2：( ) Why did Miss Wang look so worried when we saw her?Because she wondered_.A. where did the other students go B. when would the policeman come C. what her students have done during the trip D. if her students had survived the earthquake.解析：题意为“为什么我们刚才见到王小姐时，她看起来很焦急？”“因为她很怀疑她的学生是否在地震中生存了下来。”A、B选项中语序均不是陈述语序，直接排除。C中的时态不符合题意，如果改成“what her students had done”即可。（答案：D） 考点二：定语从句一、修饰一个名词或代词的从句就是定语从句，定语从句要放到所修饰的先行词后边。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。引导定语从句的词叫关系代词、关系副词。关系代词人/物主语宾语定语人who / thatwho / whom / that / 省略Whose物which / thatwhich / that / 省略whose关系副词：where, when, why定语从句可以把两个简单的句子合成一个句子，使文章中的句子富于变化。观察下面几个例子： 1) The book is in my backpack. I borrowed it from the school library.在这两个简单句中，the book与it同指一个物体，可以以the book为中心词，用关系代词that/which代替人称代词it来合成定语从句： The book (that/which) I borrowed from the school library yesterday is in my backpack. 我昨天从图书馆借的书在我的书包里。 注意：that/which替代it在定语从句中作宾语，可以省去。 2) I know the boy. He sits behind Lucy. 在这两个简单句中，the boy和he指同一个人，可以以the boy为中心词，用关系代词who/that代替人称代词he合成句子： I know the boy who/that sits behind me. 我认识那个坐在我后面的男孩。 注意：who/that替代he在定语从句中作主语，不能省去。 3) The school is very famous. My parents used to study in it. 根据上面的方法合成为： The school (which/what) my parents used to study in is very famous. 本句还可以把介词in跟关系代词一并提到中心词后面，但这时只能用which,而且不能省略： The school in which my parents used to study is very famous. in the school可以换成副词there，in which可以换成where: The school where my parents used to study is very famous. 4)The boy studies very hard. Our teacher is talking to him. 根据第二种方法可以合成为： The boy (who/that/whom) our teacher is talking to studies very hard. 还可以把to同关系代词一块放到中心词后，这时只能用关系代词whom，而且不能省略： The boy to whom our teacher is talking studies very hard.总之：合成句子的方法是：1)关系代词代替人称代词。代替人的关系代词有who, whom, that；代替物的人称代词有that, which; 2)当把介词一起放到中心词后时，代替人的关系代词用whom，代替物的关系代词用which, 而且不能省略。( ) I should tell you the table manners _ you must know when youre in China. A. which B. who C. what D. where 解析：此题考查定语从句的连接词。在此句中，关系代词代替的是事情 “table manners”，所以应当使用which（that）。题意为“我应该告诉你一些当你在中国时必须要知道的餐桌礼仪。” (答案：A)( ) She is the lady _ helped you yesterday.解析：在此句中，关系代词代替的是人 “the lady”，所以应当使用which（that）。题意为“我应该告诉你一些当你在中国时必须要知道的餐桌礼仪。”二、关系代词1关系代词的基本用法。1）who指人，在定语从句中作主语。如： The man who spoke at the meeting is from Hong Kong. The number of people who lost homes reached 250,000. 注意：当关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词要与先行词保持主谓一致。如：He is one of the boys who like playing basketball. He is the one of the boys who likes playing basketball. 2)whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语， 可用who代替，常可省略。如： The lady (who/whom) he is talking to is his girlfriend. The athlete (who/whom) I liked most was Carl Lewis. 3)which指物，在定义从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常省略。 如： The building which is being built will be used as a hospital. I dont like the story (which) he told me a few days ago. 4)that可以指人，也可以指物。指认时，相当于who或whom；指物时相当于which。that作宾语时常省略。如：The woman athlete that (who/whom) I read about in the newspaper has just won a gold medal.Tomato is a useful vegetable that (which) is good for health.5)whose通常指人，也可以指物，在定语从句中作定语。如： I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the world. Mr. Green lives in a house whose roof is red. 三、关系代词的特定用法。1只能用that的情况1）当先行词是everything, anything, nothing, all, none, few, little, some等不定代词时，或先行词被every, any, all, some, o, little, few, much等词修饰时。如： Have you written down everything that Mr. Green said?Is there anything that you dont know?I want to read all the books that were written by Lu Xun. There is little that I can do for you. 2)当先行词被序数词、形容词最高级或the only, the last, the same, the very修饰时。 如： This is the second book that I have read. He is the most intelligent man that I have ever met. This is the very book that I want to buy. 这正是我要买的书。3)当有两个或两个以上表示人和物的先行词时。如： We are talking about the people and the things that we have visited in the country. 4)当先行词前有who, which等疑问代词时。如： Who is the man that is sitting there? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?五、满分训练营5年河南A卷巡礼15 CDADB( )1. Im afraid that no one knows _. (2005) A. when will the game start B. where has our teacher goneC. who will win the game D. how long did the meeting last( )2. Peter says that the Whites are on holiday, but no one knows_ (2006) Awhere they have been Bwhere are they Cwhere are they from Dwhere they have gone( )3. Barbara, where do you work? I work for a company sells cars. (2007) A. which B. where C. what D. who( )4. Could you please tell me ? Bus No. 32 will take you right there. (2007) A. where is Henan Museum B. what Henan Museum is like C. how can I get to Henan Museum D. which bus I shall take to Henan Museum ( )5. Shaolin Temple _lies in the west of Zhengzhou welcomes the visitors both at home and abroad. A. where B. which C. who D. what (2008)610 AADDB( )6. May I come in? Im sorry I am late.Come in, please. But could you please tell me_? (2008) A. why you are late again B. what were you doing thenC. who you talked with D. how do you come to school( )7.Its time to say goodbye to my school. Ill always remember the people _ have helped me. (2009) A. who B. what C. which D. where( )8. What time will Mr Brown be back to China? Sorry. I dont know_. (2009) A. when did he go abroad B. why he is going abroad C. how soon will he be back D. how long he will stay abroad4年河南B卷巡礼( )9. - I want to know something about the game. Do you know _? - Sorry, I am not sure about it, either. (2005) A. what was the price of the ticket B. what was the final scoreC. how long did the game last D. which team won the game ( )10. -Do you know Cong Fei? - He was a singer _ did his best to help poor children. (2006) A. which B. who C. what D. when 1112 CDCBD( )11. - Have you found out _? (2006) - Yes, Mr. Brown said it was at Mr. Whites. A. whose letter is it B. who receives the letter C. where the letter is D. who has written the letter ( )12. Can you believe it? Uncle Sam keeps a bird _ can sing “ Happy Birthday”. (2007) A. what B. who C. when D. which ( )13. - Could you tell me _? - He hasnt decided yet. But at least a week. (2007) A. when will Mr. Wang come B. Where Mr. Wang had been C. how long Mr. Wang will stay D. how will Mr. Wang get here ( )14. - They traveled more than one thousand kilometers to help the people _ are in need of help. - More than one thousand kilometers? What great people! (2008) A. which B. who C. whose D. whom ( )15. - Excuse me, sir. My pet dog is missing. I cant find it anywhere. - Dont worry. Can you tell me _? (2008) A. when did you last see it B. why you lost it C. how do you like it D. what it looks like 中考题源考点一：( )1. Im new here. Could you please tell _? 16 DBAACA. what is the building used for B. when does the first class beginC. where is the dining hall D. how many classes our school has( )2. Excuse me, but may I ask you ? A. what business are you in B. what business youre inC. in what business are you D. are you in what business( )3. You must remember _A. what your father said B. what did your father say C. your father said what( )4.Do you know_, Mike?On May 12th, 2008.A .when the earthquake took place in Wen Chuan B .when did the earthquake take place in Wen ChuanC .when the earthquake will take place in Wen Chuan( ) 5.The man _ came to our party with a present is my old friend. A. when B. which C. who( )6.We should give love to the children _ lost their parents in the earthquake(地震).A. who B. whom C. those D. which 610 ABAAD( )7. Do you know _? Sorry, I dont know.A. where does Jimmy work B. where Jimmy worksC. how does Jimmy go to work D. what does Jimmy do( )8.Im a teenagers mother. Sometimes I dont know_. Love and understanding.A. what my son needs most B. what does m