初中英语形容词和副词复习.doc

初中英语形容词和副词复习一、 形容词（一）定义： 用来描写或修饰名词或代词，说明人或事物的特征或性质。（二）用法：1.做定语。e.g. This is an old house.2.做表语。e.g. I am sorry to hear that.3.做宾语不足语。e.g. She made her mother angry.4.形容词在句中的位置。形容词做定语修饰名词时，放在名词前面。修饰不定代词时要放在不定代词之后。e.g ：She is a clever girl.I saw something white in the water.形容词修饰带有表量度的词或者词组时定语后置。The bridge is one hundred meters long.5.某些形容词前加上定冠词the,可以代表一类人或东西，可以用作主语，宾语等。做主语时当复数看待。e.g. The old are well looked after. We all love the beautiful.二、 副词（一）定义 ：用来修饰动词，形容词，其他副词以及全句。（二）用法：1.作状语。e.g. They work hard .(副词修饰动词）They are quite right .（副词修饰形容词） He park the car very easily .（副词修饰副词） Unfortunately, he was out.（副词修饰整个句子）2.作定语（时间副词和地点副词可以做后置定语）。e.g. The students here are all from Hubei.3.作表语。e.g. What is on this evening?(今晚上演什么节目。）4.作宾语补足语。e.g .Dont let him in.三、 形容词和副词的比较等级在英语中形容词和副词有原级，比较级和最高级之分。原级就是它们的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化。（一）形容词和副词的比较级和最高级变化1.规则变化单音节词和部分双音节词（1）一般在词尾加er,est. hard-harder-hardest great-greater-greatest(2)以字母e结尾的加r,st. nice-nicer-nicest able-abler-ablest(3)重读闭音节中末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写辅音字母，再加er, est.big-bigger-biggest fat-fatter-fatterred-redder-reddestthin-thinner-thinnest hot-hotter-hottest wet-wetter-wettest多音节词和部分双音节词,在其前加more,most.polite-more polite-most polite exciting-more exciting-most excitinginteresting-more interesting-most interesting carefully-more carefully-most carefullyquickly-more quickly-most quickly happily-more happily-most happily有些形容词和副词的比较等级用-er,-est或者more,most皆可，如clever,lovely等。表示“较不-”和“最不-”时，可用less和least.difficult-less difficult-least difficultinteresting-less interesting-least interesting2.不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad/ill worse worst badly worse worstmany/much more most little less least far farther/further farthest/furthest old older/elder oldest/eldest(二)形容词和副词级的用法原级:(1) 原级的基本用法句型:主语+谓语动词+as+原级+as+比较对象 (前者与后者一样.)主语+.not+as/so+原级+as+比较对象 (前者不如后者那么.)The coat is as old as that one .The weather in Beijing is not as/so hot as that in Shanghai .(2)原级的特殊用法1)表示是.的几倍. 句型: .times +as +原级+as .This house is three times as large as that one .He can run five three times as fast as his brother.2)表示.的一半. 句型: .half as +原级 + as . My money is not half as much as yours.3)表示尽可能. 句型: .as + 原级 + aspossible/one can.We should get up as early as possible/we can.比较级:表示两者间的比较，用比较级+than最高级:1)表示三者或三者以上的比较，用the形容词最高级（名词）of（in）,也可以用形容词的比较级+than+any other+单数名词 或形容词的比较级+than+any of the other+名词的复数来表示 如：He is the cleverest boy in his class= He is cleverer than any other boy in his class= He is cleverer than any of the other boys in his class 2)the+比较级，the+比较级表示越越例如：The more I learn，the happier I am3)比较级+and+比较级表示越来越例如：Things are getting better and better.副词比较等级的用法其用法与形容词相似，只是副词最高级前可省略定冠词。如：Of all the boys he sings（the）most beautifullyWe must work harder四、某些副词在用法上的区别（1）already，yet，stillalready表示某事物已经发生，主要用于肯定句；yet表示期待某事发生，主要用于否定句和疑问句；still表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句和疑问句，有时也可用于否定句。如：Weve already watched that filmI havent finished my homework yetHe still works until late every night2）too，as well，also，eithertoo，as well和also用于肯定句和疑问句，too和as well多用于口语，一般放在句末，而also多用于书面语，一般放在句中与动词连用。either用于否定句和否定的疑问句，往往放在句末。如：He went there tooHe didnt go there eitherI like you as wellI also went there（3）hard，hardlyhardly意为几乎不与hard在词义上完全不同。如：I work hard every dayI can hardly remember that（4）late，latelylately意为最近、近来，late意为晚、迟。如：He never comes lateHave you been to the museum lately?例1 Toms father thinks he is alreadyA high enoughB tall enoughC enough highC enough tall解析：该题正确答案是B。修饰人高用tall，而建筑物的高用high，并且enough修饰形容词要放在形容词后面。因此该题选B。例2 _ the worse I seem to beA When I take more medicineB The more medicine I takeC Taking more of the medicineD More medicine taken解析：该题正确答案为B。the形容词比较级，the形容词比较级意为越，越。该句意为：吃的药越多，我的病越是加重。例3I havent been to London yetI havent been there _A tooB alsoC eitherD neither解析：该题正确答案为C。A和B都用于肯定句中。Dneither本身意为否定两者都不，而Ceither则用于否定句