初三英语总复习资料之状语从句.doc

初三英语总复习资料透析中考英语语法状语从句考点【状语从句命题趋势】用一个句子(从句)来作另一个句子(主句)的状语，用作状语的句子就叫作状语从句。作什么样的状语就叫什么类型的状语从句。例如：条件状语从句就是用一个句子来作条件状语。1 考查时间状语从句；2 考查原因状语从句；3 考查地点状语从句；4 考查结果状语从句；5 考查条件状语从句；6 考查让步状语从句；7 考查伴随状语从句；8 考查方式状语从句；【考点诠释】一、时间状语从句在时间状语从句中，通常要用动词的一般现在时态表示将来时，用一般过去时表示过去将来式。时间状语从句常用连词有： when, as, while, whenever, after, before, till (until), since, once, as soon as (或the moment ), by the time, no sooner than, hardly (scarcely) when, every time等引导。1.考查when, while, as引导，表示“当时候”.【考例】一Mum，_shall we have lunch?We will have it when your dad_. 07连云港市A when；returns B where returns Cwhere；will return Dwhen；will return答案A解析 答语中when引导了一个时间状语从句，主句用了一般将来时态，所以从句用一般现在时态，可见正确答案在A与B之中。既然答语用了时间状语来回答，可见问句询问的也一定是时间，从而确定正确答案为A。2. before 的用法：before的本意为“在之前”，根据具体语境还可理解为“还没来得及/还没有就，趁着还没就，不知不觉就，才”等。如：【考例】Could you please give me your e-mail address _you go? 昆明市A. as soon as B. before C. afterD. until答案B解析这四个词(组)都可以引导时间状语从句，as soon as一就before在之前；after在之后；until直到才。分析句子可以看出句意为“在你走之前把你的电子邮件地址给我好吗?”3until 和till 的用法：与肯定式的主句连用，主句谓语必须是延续性动词，till/ until表示“直到”；与否定式的主句连用，且主句谓语是非延缓性动词时，till/ until表示“直到才”。其强调句型为“notuntil” ，位于句首时要采用倒装形式。如：【考例】一Hurry upThe bus is comingOh, noWe mustnt cross the street _the traffic lights are green福州市A after B since C while Duntil答案D 解析本题应从句意人手。until常用于否定句中，构成notuntil结构，意为“直到才”，该句意为“直到交通灯变绿，我们才能穿过马路”。The kids didnt start to fly kites in the playground _the rain stopped. 成都市A. if B. until C. whenever D. when答案B解析 notuntil直到才。“直到雨停孩子们才可以去操场放风筝”，-Look! Here comes our school bus.-No hurry. Dont get on it _it has stopped. 安徽省A. until B. after C. since D. whenA解析句中有dont，可想notuntil为固定结构，意为“直到才”。二、对结果状语从句的考查【考例】The camera is expensive I cant afford it. (2004辽宁本溪)A. so, that B. such, that C. so, as to D. enough, that答案: A命题立意：本题考查从属连词引导结果状语从句的用法。试题解析：依据题意：这照相机太贵以致我买不起。expensive为形容词,sothat句中要用形容词或副词；suchthat要用形容词修饰名词。其他两项不能引起从句。故选A。三、对条件状语从句的考查引导条件状语从句的从属连词有if, unless(=if not如果不，除非)，as/so long as, while(=as long as 只要)，suppose/supposing(that), provided/providing(that), in case(假使)，on condition that(在的条件下)等。如：【考例】_you go to bed earlier, you wont feel tired in the mornings沈阳市A Unless B Because CIf DWhen答案C 解析考查if引导的条件状语从句。“假如你早一点上床睡觉，那么你在上午就不会感到累。”You wont pass your exams _ you work harder. 广东省A. when B. if C. unless D. after答案C 解析when，after一引导的是时间状语从句，不合题意；if，unless引导的是条件状语从句，If不合句意，“除非你更加努力地学习，否则，你不会通过考试”。故用unless。四、对让步状语从句的考查用来引导让步地点状语从句的从属连词有：though，although，even ifthough， while(虽然、尽管)，for a11(that)(尽管)whetheror(不论不管还是)以及“疑问词+ever（whatever，wherever，whoever，however，）”和 “no matter +疑问词”等。【考例】Shall we go on working?Yes , I prefer to have a rest . （2004江西省南昌）Awhen Bif Cbecause Dthough答案: D命题立意：本题考查从属连词引导让步状语从句的用法。试题解析：依据上句：我们继续工作吗？是的，尽管我想休息会。【考例】Edison never gave up, he failed many times. (2004四川)AandBthoughCor D. even答案: B命题立意：本题考查从属连词引导让步状语从句的用法。试题解析：依据题意：即使爱迪生失败多次，他也决不放弃。though用来引导让步状语从句。故选B。五、 对目的状语从句的考查：引导目的状语从句的从属连词有 so that , in order that (为了，以便)；in case(以防，以免)，lest(免得，以防)，for fear that(以免，惟恐)等。从句中一般含有can , could, may, might ,will, would等情态动词。如：【考例】一More and more people in Beijing are learning English _they can better serve the 2008 Olympic Games一Im sure they will宜昌市Abecause of B so that Ceven though Das if答案B解析 本题也应从句意人手。越来越多的人学习英语，“为的是”能更多更好地为奥运服务。so that引导一个目的状语从句。【语法回顾】状语从句的分类。（一） 时间状语从句用法要点。（1）as、when、while用法一览表。类别作 用例 句Asas表示“当的时候”，往往和when/ while通用，但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。She came up as I was cooking.(同时)The runners started as the gun went off.(几乎同时)When(at or during the time that )既可以表示在某一点的时候，又可表示在某一段时间内，主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生。It was raining when we arrived.(指时间点)When we were at school, we went to the library every day.(在一段时间内)whilewhile意思是“当的时候”或“在某一段时间里”。主句中的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生，从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词。在when表示a period of time时，两者可以互换。Please dont talk so loud while others are working.He fell asleep while/when reading. Strike while the iron is hot.(用as或when不可，这里的while意思是“趁”)凡是从句都必须有引导词，引导时间状语从句的词有 when, before, after, until, as soon as, while 等，具体用法如下：1、when 意为“当时”，引导时间状语从句，表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生。例如：I feel very happy when you come to see me. 你（们）来看我时，我感到很高兴。When you are crossing the street, you must be careful. 你（们）过街道时，一定要小心。when引导的时间状语从句，when的从句可以用延续性动词，也可以用点动词。例如：He was working at the table when I went in. 当我进去的时候，他正在桌旁工作。Someone knocked at the door when I was sleeping. 当我正在睡觉时，有人敲门。I will visit my good friend when I have time. 当我有空儿时，我将去看望我的好友。I worked for a foreign company when I was in Shanghai. 当我在上海时，我为一家外国企业工作。注：when也可以作并列连词，表示一个动词正在进行的时候，突然间发生了另外一件事。I was fishing by the river , when someone called for help. 我正在河边钓鱼，就在那时有人求救。We were working in the chemistry lab, when the lights went out. 我们正在化学实验室工作，突然灯都熄灭了。2、 before 意为“在之前”，引导时间状语从句时，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。例如：We cleaned the classroom before we left school yesterday.昨天离开学校之前，我们打扫了教室。He had been a cook before he went to college . 他上大学前曾当过厨师。after 意为“在之后”，引导时间状语从句时，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后。例如：After you use plastic bags, you mustnt throw them about. 你（们）用过了塑料袋之后，不准到处乱扔。He called me after he had finished his work. 他在工作完之后给我打了个电话。注：若主句和从句两个动作发生的先后顺序十分接近，那么也可以不用完成时态，例如上面的第二句可改成：He called me after he finished his work.3、 since引导的时间状语从句，译为“自从”，主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。例如：We have made many dumplings since we began to cook. 自从我们开始做饭起，我们已经包了许多饺子了。We havent seen each other since we parted . 我们自从分手以后一直没见过面。注：常用句型：It is +时间段+since从句 译为：自从有多长时间了。例如：It is six years since she graduated from the university. 自从她大学毕业已有六年的时间了。4、 until 意为“直到时”，引导时间状语从句时，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。主句的谓语动词是持续性动词时，主句常用肯定形式；当主句的谓语动词是非持续性动词时，从句常用否定形式, not. until. 意为“直到才”，这时的until可以用before 来替换。 例如： Ill stay here until you come back. 我会呆在这里，直到你回来。(stay表示的动作可以持续)He didnt go to bed until he finished his homework.他直到做完作业才睡觉。(go to bed 表示的动 作不能持续)5、 as soon as 意为“一就”，表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作马上就发生。 例如： Ill tell him about it as soon as he comes back.他一回来我就告诉他这件事。6、 while引导的时间状语从句，常译为“与同时，在期间”，while的从句中常用延续性 动词或表示状态的词。 例如： They rushed in while we were discussing problems. 当我们正在讨论问题时，他们冲了进来。 Father was cleaning the car while I was playing computer games. 当我正在打电子游戏时，爸爸正在清洗汽车。注：while也可以作并列连词，表转折的关系，相当于but，译为“然而”。 例如：I like listening to music, while my brother likes doing sports. 我喜欢听音乐，而我的兄弟爱好运动。7、till和until引导的时间状语从句，译为“直到为止”，not till / until引导的时间状语从句，译为“直到才”。前者强调主句动作的结束，用延续性动词，后者强调主句动作的开始，用点动词。例如：I will wait for my friend until / till he comes. 我要一直等到我朋友来。We wont start our discussion until / till he comes. 我们要等到他来了，再开始我们的讨论。（二） 条件状语从句用法要点。我们主要看一下由if引导的条件状语从句。if 意为“如果”，引导条件状语从句时，表示假如有从句的动作发生就(不)会有主句的动作发生。例如：If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go there by bike.如果明天不下雨，我们就骑自行车去那里。If I get there early, I can see the doctor quickly.如果我早早地到那里，我就可以快点看病。（三）地点状语从句用法要点。常用where（哪里）和wherever（无论哪里）例如：Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。We will go wherever the motherland needs us most. 我们要到祖国最需要的地方去。（四）原因状语从句用法要点。常用的引导连词有because, as和since。三者的区别是：在回答问题的时候，使用because；对于显而易见的原因，常用as或since；as和since的从句常放在主句之前，而because的从句常放在主句之后。例如：Why did you go? I went because Tom told me to go. 你为何去？那是因为汤姆叫我去。He was angry not because we were late but because we made a noise. 他很生气不是因为我们来迟了，而是因为我们弄出了声音。As it was raining hard, we had to be indoors. 由于雨太大，我们只好呆在家里。Since you feel ill, youd better not go to work. 既然你感觉不舒服，你最好不要去上班了。（五）目的状语从句用法要点。常用的引导连词有so that, that和in order that译为：以便，为了，目的是。例如：Please speak more slowly so that we can make full notes. 请讲慢一点，以便我们能作详细笔记。I shall write down your address so that I may not forget. 我要把你的地址记下来，以免忘记。I sent the letter by air mail in order that it might reach him in time. 这封信我以航空信发出，以便他能及时收到。注：目的状语从句可以用动词不定式来替换做目的状语例如：We work harder than usualto finish it in a week. 我们比平常加倍努力工作以在一周内完成工作。三、主句与从句时态一致的问题。在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句和从句之间的时态一致问题一般分下列两种情况：1. 若主句是祈使句，或主句中有情态动词，或主句中谓语动词是一般将来时，那么从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时。例如：Be careful when you cross the road. 过马路时要小心。Put up your hand if you have any questions to ask. 如果你们有问题要问的话，请举手。The traffic must stop when the lights are red. 红灯亮时，车辆必须停下。2. 若主从句谓语动词都是陈述过去，那么主从句都可以用一般过去时。例如：She could sing when she was four years old. 她四岁的时候就会唱歌。练习：1. How long has this bookshop been in business?- _1982. ( 94 )A. AfterB. InC. FromD. Since2. Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially _ Father was away in France. ( 94 )A. asB. thatC. duringD. if3. If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, _ great it is. ( 95 )A. whatB. howC. howeverD. whatever4. After the war, a new school building was put up _ there had once been a theatre. ( 97 )A. thatB. whereC. whichD. when5. I am going to the post office. - youre there, can you get me some stamps? ( 99 )A. AsB. WhileC. BecauseD. If6. You should make it a rule to leave things _ you can find them again. ( 99 )A. whenB. whereC. thenD. there7. _ youve got the chance, you might as well make full use of it. ( 99 )A. Now thatB. AfterC. AlthoughD. As soon as8. Well have to finish the job, _. ( 99 )A. long it takes howeverB. it takes however longC. long however it takesD. however long it takes9. Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up _ I could answer the phone. ( 00 )A. asB. sinceC. untilD. before10. The WTO cannot live up to its name _ it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind. ( 00 )A. as long asB. whileC. ifD. even though11. The men will have to wait all day _ the doctor works faster. ( 01春季 )A. ifB. unlessC. whetherD. that12. Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her? Yes, I gave it to her _ I saw her. ( 01春季 )A. whileB. the momentC. suddenlyD. once13. Americans eat _ vegetables per person today as they did in 1910. (02上海春季 )A. more than twiceB. as twice as manyC. twice as many asD. more than twice as many14. How far apart do they live?-_ I know, they live in the same neighborhood. ( 03上海 )A. As long asB. As well asC. As far asD. As often as15. A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners curiosity _ he reaches the end of the story. ( 03上海 )A. whenB. unlessC. afterD. until16. Generally speaking, _ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. ( 03上海 ) A. when takingB. when takenC. when to takeD. when to be taken17. Dad, Ive finished my assignment. Good, and _ you play or watch TV, you mustnt disturb me. ( 03上海 ) A. wheneverB. whetherC. whateverD. no matter18. Was his father very strict with him when he was at school? Yes. He has never praised him _ he became one of the top students in his grade. (03 北京春季)A. afterB. unlessC. untilD. when19. He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation _ it got worse. (03 北京 )A. untilB. whenC. beforeD. as20. _ I know the money is safe, I shall not worry about it. (03 北京 )A. Even thoughB. UnlessC. WhileD. As long as21. Scientists say it may be five or six years _ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients. ( 04 福建 ) A. since B. afterC. beforeD. when22. You should try to get a good nights sleep _ much work you have to do . ( 04 湖北 )A. howeverB. no matterC. althoughD. whatever 23. It was evening _ we reached the little town of Winchester . A. thatB. untilC. sinceD. before24. _ modeling business is by no means easy to get into, the good model will always be in demand. ( 04 浙江 )A. WhileB. SinceC. AsD. If25. We were swimming in the lake _ suddenly the storm started. ( 04 北京春季 )A. whenB. whileC. untilD. before26. _ I can see, there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger. ( 04 北京春季 )A. As long asB. As far as C. Just as D. Even if 27. We were told that we should follow the main road _ we reached the central railway station . ( 04 辽宁 )A. wheneverB. untilC. whileD. wherever28. _ you call me to say you re not coming, Ill see you at the theatre. ( 04 四川 )A. Though B. WhetherC. Until D. Unless29. You can eat food free in my restaurant _ you like. ( 04 重庆 )A. wheneverB. whereverC. whateverD. however30. _ I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person. ( 04 江苏 )A. WhileB. SinceC. BeforeD. Unless31. Several weeks had gone by _I realized the painting, was missing. ( 04 ) A. asB. beforeC. sinceD. when32. Jasmine was holidaying with her family in a wildlife park _ she was bitten on the leg by a lion. ( 04 上海 )A. when B. while C. since D. once 33. _, I have to put it away and focus my attention on study this week. ( 04上海春季 ) A. However the story is amusingB No matter amusing the story isC. However amusing the story isD. No matter how the story is amusing34. It is almost five years we saw each other last time. A. beforeB. sinceC. afterD. when35. What a table ! Ive never seen such a thing before .It is it is long. ( 05 湖北 )A. half not as wide asB. wide not as half asC. not half as wide asD. as wide as not half36. Simon thought his computer was broken his little brother pointed out that he had forgotten to turn it on. ( 05 北京春季 )A. untilB. unlessC. afterD. because37. Id like to arrive 20 minutes early _ I can have time for a cup of tea. ( 05 北京 )A. as soon asB. as a resultC. in caseD. so that38. It wasnt until nearly a month later I received the managers reply. ( 05河南、河北 )A. since B. when C. as D. that 39. Unlike watching TV, reading is a highly active process (过程)_ it requires attention as well as memory and imagination. （ 05 江苏 ）A. untilB. butC. unlessD. for40. The old tower must be saved, _ the cost. ( 05 浙江 ) A. howeverB. whateverC. whicheverD. wherever41. You must keep on working in the evening _ you are sure you can finish the task in time. ( 05 安徽 )A. asB. ifC. whenD. unless42. That was really a splendid evening. Its years _ I enjoyed myself so much. ( 05 安徽 )A. when B. thatC. beforeD. since43. John is the tallest boy in the class, _ according to himself. ( 05 安徽 )A. five foot eight as tall asB. as tall as five foot eightC. as five foot eight tall asD. as tall five foot eight as44. Did Jack come back early last night?Yes. It was not yet eight oclock he arrived home. ( 05 福建 )A. beforeB. whenC. thatD. until45. Allow children the space to voice their opinions, _ they are different from your own. ( 05 湖南 ) A. untilB. even ifC. unless D. as though 46. The more I think about him, the more reasons I find for loving him _ I did. ( 05 湖南 ) A. as much as B. as long as C. as soon as D. as far as47. youve tried it. you cant imagine how pleasant it is. （06北京）A. UnlessB. BecauseC. AlthoughD. When48. - How long do you think it will be _ China sends a manned spaceship to the moon? - Perhaps two or three years. （06福建） A. when B. untilC. thatD. before49. Jenny was very sad over the loss of the photos she had shot at Canada, this was a memory she especially treasured. （06广东） A. as B. if C. when D. where50. You cant have this football back you promise not to kick it at my cat again, the old man said firmly. （06广东） A. because B. since C. when D. until51. I had just stepped out of the bathroom and was busily drying myself with a towel _ I heard the steps. （ 06湖南 ）A. whileB. when C. since D. after52. _ environmental damage is done, it takes many years for the ecosystem (生态系统) to recover. （ 06江苏 ）A. Even if B. If only C. While D. Once53. He was about halfway through his meal a familiar voice came to his ears. （ 06辽宁 ）A. why B. whereC. whenD. while54._he has limited technical knowledge, the old worker has a lot of experience. A.