语法复习第2、3课时形容词、副词用法.doc

语法复习 第2课时 形容词、副词备课人 年 月 日教学目标：学习形容词、副词的用法教学重点：作用与位置教学过程及方法：Step 1：Oral work: Self-introductionStep 2. Revision:Review the rules of pronunciation. (开音节和闭音节中元音字母的发音规则) 注音标：lane gather tide tight stop go goat June brush fetch me world sister farm warm dare fair mere hire cure termStep 3：Presentation:一、什么是形容词、副词形容词就是放在名词前面解释名词的形状、容貌等特征的词，一般可翻译成“的”。如：blue sky(蓝色的天空)、beautiful picture(美丽的图画)、high building(高的楼)、big room(大的屋子)、small box(小的盒子)。副词修饰动词解释动词的发生状况，还可修饰形容词或其他副词，帮助说明形容词、副词的程度。一般可翻译成“地”。 如：happy (高兴的)very happy(非常高兴的) low（低的）too low（太低的） thin（瘦的）rather thin（相当瘦的）nice (好的) quite nice(十分好的) angry (生气的) so angry(如此生气的)二、形容词的作用与位置。1. 作定语，修饰名词或代词。(1) 一般来说，形容词放在所修饰的名词或代词之前，但修饰不定代词时，形容词要后置。例如：I dont like the red skirt. I want a blue one.There is nothing wrong with your ears.Is there anything important in todays newspaper?I have something new to tell you.(2) 形容词短语修饰名词时，要后置。例如：Dig a hole large enough for the tree.(3) 多个形容词修饰一个名词时，与被修饰名词关系较密切的形容词靠近名词，顺序为：“限观形龄色国材”。（限：限定词；观：表观感的描绘性的形容词；形：表形状的形容词；龄：年龄；色：颜色；国：国籍；材：材料。）定冠词: the 不定冠词: a, an 限定词 物主代词: my, our, his, her, their, your, its 指示代词: this, that, these, those 数量词：(1) 序数词 (first, secondonly, same, next, last ) (2) 基数词 (one, twomany, other, several )描绘性形容词：beautiful, good, interesting例如：the first beautiful little white Chinese stone bridge a beautiful small round old yellow French wooden reading room (记顺序口诀：美小圆旧黄，法国木书房)2. 作表语：大多数形容词既可作定语又可作表语。(1) 少数形容词只作表语，如：well（身体好）, ill, afraid, asleep, pleased，(2) 有些作后置定语和表语，如：present，absent .(3) 以字母a开头的形容词：afraid, alive, alone, ashamed, asleep, awake作表语：这类形容词的修饰语比较固定，如：He is fast(sound) asleep. 他睡得很沉。He is fully(wide) awake. 他完全没有睡意呢。all(very much) alone作后置定语：He is the oldest man alive in the city. this year alone仅仅今年作补足语：keep the fish alive3. the+形容词/现在分词/过去分词，作主语和宾语，表示一类人或事物。The living carried away the dead and the healthy helped the wounded.4. 作主语补语、宾语补语时，常与make, leave, keep, think, find, consider等动词连用。 Dont make your parents angry. 不要使父母生气。 Leave the door open. 让门开着（别关门）。 All the facts proved him right. 所有事实都证明他是对的。 Keep the room clean. 保持房间清洁。5. 作状语：形容词作状语表示伴随或结果，不表达动词的方式。如： At last they arrived home, tired and hungry. 他们终于到家了，又累又饿。 He returned home, safe and sound. 他返回了家，安然无恙。 He lay in bed, wide awake. 他躺在床上，完全醒着。 The man was shot, dead. 那个男人被击毙。 6. 注意下面的形式变化：（1）以ly结尾的形容词ly常是副词的标志，而下列以ly结尾的词是形容词：lonely, friendly, lovely, lively, silly, ugly, brotherly（兄弟般的）, manly（男子气概的）, deadly（致命的），daily(adj./adv./n), monthly(adj./adv./n), weekly(adj./adv./n), yearly(adj./adv./n), 名词+y形容词: cloudy, rainy, stormy, snowy, windy, sunny, funny, healthy, wealthy, worthy, lucky，noisy（2）形容词+ly 副词 一般直接加ly。如：slowly, quickly, politely, bravely, completely, entirely, fortunately, peacefully, carefully, carelessly, immediately, widely 辅音字母+y结尾ily. 如：happy -happily，easy-easily, luck-luckily, noisy-noisily, heavy-heavily, angry-angrily, busy-busily , hungry-hungrily 以ple, ble, tle结尾，e y, 如：terrible-terribly, possible-possibly, probableprobably comfortable-comfortably, horrible-horribly, simple-simply, gentle-gently 特殊：true-truly , full-fully , whole-wholly , shy-shyly， dry-drily / dryly, （3）下列形容词的副词有两个，但是含义有别。（其中一个与形容词同形且含义相近，而另一个有ly但含义比较抽象） 形容词：wide（宽的）； high（高的）； deep（深的）； close（近的） 副词： wide（宽阔） high（高高地） deep（深地） close（近地） widely（广泛地） highly（高度地,很） deeply（深深地） closely（密切地，仔细地）三、副词的作用与位置1. 副词在句中主要用作状语，修饰形容词、副词、动词和介词，有时还可修饰整个句子，还可以作表语、定语和宾语补足语。 Mr Li speaks English very well. （作状语，修饰动词） Abraham Lincoln was a very wise president. （作状语，修饰形容词） Happily for him, his stepmother was kind to him. （作状语，修饰全句） The secret is out. (作表语) Let the dog out.（作宾补） The people there treated me warmly.（作后置定语）2. 副词在句中的位置比较灵活，可以放在句首、句中或句末。also, both, all, always, really在be后，行为动词前；方式副词，如：quickly, easily, rapidly, 在行为动词后或宾语后或句首；程度副词(very，quite，rather，fairly，pretty ) 一般放在所修饰的形容词和副词的前面, 但enough作副词用时，通常放在被修饰词的后面。例如： We are all happy to hear the news. The train is running rapidly. You have done pretty well. 你做得很好。 It is a rather difficult job. He didnt work hard enough. You always study very hard here this term. 频度副词 程度 方式 地点 时间3. 辨析：so, very, too, fairly, quite, pretty等不修饰比较级，只修饰原级。rather修饰原级或比较级，还可以与too连用.quite可修饰极限形容词(没有程度而言，没有比较等级)，如：correct，right, wrong, possible, impossible, perfect, excellent, favorite. 注意在下面短语中的位置和搭配： quite a nice horse a fairly/very nice lady（fairly多修饰褒义词） a rather bad boy=rather a bad boy（rather多修饰贬义词） rather worse ; rather too difficult ; too large a box ; so interesting a book ; as difficult a problem as that one How good a boy! =What a good boy! so many books ; so much food ; so few friends ; so little water少的such little birds小的 ; such a good boy ; such beautiful flowers ; such bad weatherStep 4. Homework. 1. Read the materials. 2. Do the following exercises.后记：巩固练习1. Its _ a difficult question, so its _impossible for me to answer it. A. too, quite B. rather, quite C. so, fairly D. very, rather2. They are _ little animals that you can put them in your hand. Whats more, they can fly _ in the air. A. so, high B. very, highly C. how, highly D. such, high 3. Stand _ to me and watch me _.A. close ; close B. closely ; closely C. closely ; close D. close ; closely4. I just cant believe that _little birds can eat up _many insects a day . A. so; so B. such; such C. so; such D. such; so5. He often works _into the night, which moves us_. A. deep; deep B. deeply; deeply C. deep; deeply D. deeply; deep6. Ive got _ work to do on a _ cold day. A. much too；much too B. too much；too much C. too much；much too D. much too；too much7. We decided not to climb the mountain because it was raining _. A. badly B. hardly C. strongly D. heavily 8. How _can you finish the drawing? In a week. A. often B. soon C. long D. rapid9. _ box cannot be lifted by a boy of five. A. So a heavy B. So heavy a C. A such heavy D. Such heavy a 10. When they came in, Mr Harris _ like a baby. Nobody would like to wake him from a good dream, because he needed rest. A. fell asleep B. was sound asleep C. got asleep D. went to sleep11. She seems a _ waitress. Yes, each of us always feels _ with her good manners and service. A. pleasant; pleasing B. pleasant; pleasant C. pleased; pleasant D. pleasant; pleased 12. This kind of apple tastes _ and sells _.A. well; well B. good; good C. good; well D. well; good 13. Mr. Smith, _of the _ speech, started to read a novel. A. tired, boring B. tiring ; bored C. tired ; bored D. tiring; boring 14. When they heard the bad news, they all looked _ at the master and felt quite _. A. sad；sad B. sadly；sadly C. sad；sadly D. sadly；sad 15. You won the first prize in the concert. Are you _? Its impossible！ A. real B. serious C. true D. such16. _ to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills.(2000全国，8) A. Brave enough students B. Enough brave students C. Students brave enough D. Students enough brave 17. Mr Smith bought a _ purse for his wife. A. small black leather B. black leather small C. small leather black D. black small leather 18. I have seldom seen my mother _ pleased with my progress as she is now. A. so B. very C. too D. rather19. The school was moved out of downtown as the number of students had grown too _（2010四川, 12）A. smallB. fewC. 1argeD. many20. It was a nice house, but _ too small for a family of live. (2009天津, 12) A. rarelyB. fairlyC. ratherD. pretty21. The weather was _ cold that I didnt like to leave my room. (2008全国I, 32) A. reallyB. suchC. tooD. so22. After the long journey, the three of them went back home, _. ( 2008北京, 26) A. hungry and tiredly B. hungry and tired C. hungrily and tiredly D. hungrily and tired23. He doesnt have _ furniture in his roomjust an old desk. (2008陕西, 12) A. anyB. manyC. someD. much24. Although badly hurt in the accident, the driver was _ able to make a phone call. (2008四川, 3) A. stillB. evenC. alsoD. ever25. He has made a lot of films, but _ are good ones. (2007北京, 27) A. anyB. someC. fewD. many26. This magazine is very _ with young people, who like its content and style. (2007湖北21) A. familiarB. popularC. similarD. particular27. _ and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize. (2006全国, 32) A. SurprisingB. SurprisedC. Being surprisedD. To be surprising28. I thought she was famous, but none of my friends have _ heard of her. (2006广东, 23) A. evenB. everC. justD. never语法复习 第3课时 形容词、副词备课人 年 月 日教学目标：学习形容词、副词的用法教学重点：作用与位置教学过程及方法：Step 1：Oral work: Self-introductionStep 2. Revision:Review the rules of pronunciation. (开音节和闭音节中元音字母的发音规则) 注音标：blade catch quite think post bold lock whole hush main letter he borrow trousers coat July loose hook meat green third niece quarter young angry hunger grass past photo motor Step 3：Presentation:四、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成1. 规则变化： 单音节词，一般直接加er/est。如：great-greater-greatest 单音节词，以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写辅音字母, 再加er/est。如：hot-hotter-hottest, red-redder-reddest, fat-fatter-fattest, thin-thinnerthinnest , big-bigger-biggest, 单音节词, 以不发音的e结尾，加r/st。如：nicenicer-nicest, largelarger-largest, simplesimpler-simplest, 双音节但以-y结尾（不含slowly等派生词），变y为i再加er/est。 如：busy-busier-busiest, early-earlier-earliest, happy- happier- happiest; lovely-lovelier-loveliest, 以-er, -ow结尾的双音节词加er/est。也可在前面加more和most。如：clever-cleverer (more clever)-cleverest(most clever), narrow-narrower(more narrow)-narrowest(most narrow), 其它双音节或多音节词在前面加more和most。如：important-more important-most important , often-more often-most often, 以ly后缀结尾的在前面加more和most。如：slowly-more slowly-most slowly, 2. 不规则变化： bad/ badly/ ill-worse-worst good/well - better-best little-less-least much/ many-more- most old-older(较旧的、较老的)/elder（较年长的）-oldest(最老的、最旧的)/eldest（最年长的）; far-farther（较远的）/further（更远的，进一步的）-farthest/furthest（最远的）；如：walk farther /further；further discuss the problem; until further notice直到另行通知3. 不可分级的形容词和副词，如: dead, daily, usually, particularly, perfect, perfectly, totally, entirely, completely, extreme(ly) ,excellent, impossible, favorite, right, wrong, wooden等没有比较级。五、比较等级的用法（1）表示两者(或两部分)比较：“比较级 + than”。 如：Mary is cleverer than the other girls.the +比较级（+of the two）表示“（两者之中）较的一个 ”。 The boy is the taller of the two. The larger of the two islands is Britain. Which is the larger country, China or America?= Which is larger, China or America?固定搭配：change for the better/worse 变好/变坏比较级的修饰语：a bit, a little, any（稍微、丝毫）, no, much, a great deal, a lot, rather,far, by far(得多), even(更) , still(更), twice, three times, 25%, I think its something far less pleasant. It was far more interesting than I expected. (1991全国卷) The bridge being built is by far the longest. (by far放在最高级前面) This hat is bigger by far than that one.（by far放在比较级后面） This task is a little more difficult than that one. It takes many more hours to go from Beijing to Nanjing than to Tianjin. (又如：much more food, 注：用much还是用many取决于名词。) He has made much more progress this term than last term. （2）表示三者或三者以上比较用最高级 This book is the easiest of the four I have got.（the +形容词最高级+ of) This is the happiest day in my life.（the +形容词最高级+ in) He runs (the) fastest in his class. (the) +副词最高级+ of/ in没有比较范围时most= very，前面用不定冠词。如：It is a most interesting film. He is a best student.最高级句型中范围的表达法： 介词短语。如：He is the tallest boy in the class. He is the tallest of the brothers. 在范围内：in our class/family在同类中：of all，of/among the three，one of the best= among the best如：China is one of(=among) the largest countries in the world. 定语从句。如：This is the best film Ive ever seen. 表示“第几个最”也用最高级。The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. The computer is the most useful invention. Which is the second most useful invention? This is the largest collection of coins yet discovered. (迄今为止所发现的)（3）表示同等程度 He is as tall as you. (as +原级 + as ) He cannot run as/ so fast as you. ( not as/ so + 原级 + as)Step 4. Homework. 1. Read the materials. 2. Do the following exercises.后记：形容词、副词的比较等级 巩固练习1. The number of people present at the concert was _than expected .There were many tickets left.（2004福建, 29）A. much smaller B. much more C. much larger D. many more2. He speaks English well indeed, but of course not _ a native speaker.（2004上海, 32）A. as fluent as B. more fluent than C. so fluently as D. much fluently than 3. Are you feeling _better today? No, Im feeling _ worse. A. by far, quite B. more, very C. fairly, rather D. any, even4. Did you take enough money with you? No, I needed _ I thought I would. (2006全国, 14) A. not so much as B. as much as C. much more than D. much less than5. This washing machine is environmentally friendly because it uses _ water and electricity than _ models. (2006北京, 21) A. less; olderB. less; elderC. fewer; olderD. fewer; elder6. Of the two sisters, Betty is _ one, and she is also the one who loves to be quiet. (2006安徽, 22) A. a youngerB. a youngestC. the youngerD. the youngest7. Did you enjoy yourself at the party?Yes, Ive never been to _ one before.(2006四川, 27) A. a more excitedB. the most excitedC. a more excitingD. the most exciting8. The new group of students is better-behaved than the other group who stayed here _. (2007北京, 30) A. earlyB. earlierC. earliestD. the earliest9. It looks like the weather is changing for _. Shall we stick to our plan? (2008辽宁, 30) A. the worseB. worseC. the worstD. worst10. It is _ to spend money on preventing illnesses by promoting healthy living rather than spending it trying to make people _ after they are ill. (2008江苏, 30) A. good; goodB. well; betterC. better; betterD. better; good11. Alan is a careful driver, but he drives _ of my friends. (2007上海27) A. more carefullyB. the most carefullyC. less carefullyD. the least carefully12. After two years research, we now have a _ better understanding of the disease. (2007全国, 9) A. veryB. farC. fairlyD. quite13. Speaking of all the songs he has written, I think this is probably his _ one. (2007全国, 10) A. better-known B. well-knownC. best-knownD. most-known14. The children loved their day trip, and they enjoyed the horse ride _. (2009全国, 9) A. mostB. moreC. lessD. little15. Of the two coats, Id choose the _ one to spare some money for a book. (2007四川, 31) A. cheapestB. cheaperC. more expensiveD. most expensive16. Though he started late, Mr. Guo played t