八年级下第一单元知识点.doc

新目标八年级英语下Unit1 Will people have robots ?精品学案【基础知识精讲:单词短语精讲、语法精讲】【重点知识拓展:重点句型短语同近义归纳】【中考考点衔接:重点知识及中考考点解读】【基础知识精讲】make predictions 做预测free time 空闲时间flyto 乘坐飞往on a space station 在太空站上I disagree. 我不同意.fall/be in love with sb. 与sb.相爱keep pets 养宠物be able to 能够predict the future 预测未来come true 实现see sb. do sth. 看见sb.做某事（的全过程）see doing sth. 看见sb.正在做某事（片断）help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事hundreds of 数以百计的try to do sth. 尽力做某事look like 看上去长的像look for 寻找一段时间 + from now （从现在起）之后from now on = in the future 今后Do you think ?I think (that).I dont think (that).2. study at home on computer 辨析：on，in和with. on：表示使用通讯工具、信息或传媒，乘坐交通工具等； in：使用语言文字等媒介； with：借助具体的手段或工具。 Eg. I dont want to talk about it on the phone. Can you speak it in English? Dont write it with a red pen.3. Will people use money in 100 years? “in+时间”结构常与一般将来时连用，对其进行提问时用特殊疑问词how soon.4. before ago 与过去时连用语法精讲：一般将来时用法： A. 表示将要发生的行为动作或存在的状态。常与表示将来的时间状语连用：tomorrow, next week, next month, in a few days, from now on等。例如： Ill be there in half an hour.我将在半个小时内到那儿。 Im going to visit the museum this Sunday.这个星期天我将去参观博物馆。 B. 句子中没有时间状语提示动作发生的时间，可以通过上下文判断其谓语动词是发生在将来。例如： I dont know who will do it.我不知道谁将做这件事。 Dont worry, he will be there on time.不要担心，他会准时到达那儿的。 C. 表示将来经常发生的动作。例如： From now on, I will get up early every day.从现在开始，我将每天早起。 I will often go to see you next year.我明年会经常去看你的。 注意： 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，除了用上述的表示方法外，还可以用：“am/ is / are going to动词原形”表示。“am/ is/ are going to动词原形”这个结构的用法如下： A. be going to动词原形表示“意图”，即打算、计划要做某事。 （2）一般疑问句及其简略回答： 一般疑问句是以be / have或助动词/情态动词开头，以yes或no回答的问句。 一般疑问句可以用完整的句子回答，但在大多数情况下，只用yes或no作简略回答即可。但应注意：简略回答应该是：Yes肯定回答；No否定回答；不能用“Yes否定回答”或“No肯定回答”来回答一般疑问句。时态标志词： 1.含tomorrow; next短语；2.in+段时间 ；3.how soon； 4.by+将来时间；5.by the time sb.do6.祈使句句型中：or/and sb. will do 7.在时间/条件状语从句中, 如果从句用一般现在时, 主句用将来时 8.another day 比较be going to 与will:be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情，will 表示的将来时间则较远一些。如： He is going to write a letter tonight. He will write a book one day.2. be going to 表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情，will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。3. be going to 含有“计划，准备”的意思，而 will 则没有这个意思，如： She is going to lend us her book. He will be here in half an hour.4.在有条件从句的主句中，一般不用 be going to, 而多用will掌握了它们的这些不同，你就能很好的区分be going to与will了。在时间/条件状语从句中, 如果从句用一般现在时, 主句用将来时【重点知识拓展】1 across.from./ across from2 fall in love with3 as 作为As a student, you must work hard to improve your grades.4 alone adj. apart from others 单独的 adv. with no other people 单独，独自地5 might 表示请求语气，比may更加委婉。- Might I smoke here ? - Of course, you can. Sorry, you cant. 表示推测，可能性比may要小。否定形式用cant.6 keep7 during8 look smart9 put on, wear, dress, in put on 表示穿的动作，“穿上”，反义短语为take off。The pants are too small for me to put on. wear 表示穿的状态，“穿着，穿”。 dress vi. 穿He often dresses very casually. vt. 给穿衣服Mother is dressing her baby. dress sb in be dressed in = be in = wear in 穿着，戴着 in + 服装名词Hes in a red jacket. in + 颜色名词，表示穿着某种颜色的服装。10 one day 有一天 用于一般过去时态的句子中。I will go to visit the United States one day.11 This paper says Ill be an engineer in ten years.事物作主语，say作“写道”讲。The letter says he will have to study for the exams.12 win vi. 获胜 The Chinese soccer team won at last. vt. 赢得Our school team didnt win the basketball game.13 - What will the weather be like tomorrow? - I think itll be sunny but a little cold.14 What will teenagers do for fun twenty years from now? for fun 为了开心；闹玩He often plays computer games for fun. twenty years from now, in twenty years常见动词不定式词组、句型用法总结.固定用法(非谓语动词)：以下是带to的动词不定式常见搭配希望做某事hope to do sth.决定做某事decide to do sth.同意做某事agree to do sth.需要某人做某事need to do sth.使用某物做某事use sth to do sth迫不及待做某事cant wait to do准备做某事get/be ready to do尽力/努力做某事try to do sth计划做某事plan to do sth.不得不have to do 轮流做某事take ones turns to do sth.拒绝做某事refuse to do sth.告诉某人做某事tell sb. to do sth.请某人做某事ask sb. to do sth.希望某人做某事wish sb. to do sth.想要某人做某事want /would like sb. to do sth.同意某人做某事agree sb. to do sth.教某人做某事teach sb. to do sth.喜欢/想要某人做某事 like sb. to do sth.帮助某人做某事help sb. to do sth/help sb.doencourage sb to do鼓励某人做Its ones turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事 例句:It your turn to clean the blackboard.Its time(for sb.) to do sth.是某人做某事时候了例句:Its time for me to go home.Its +adj. for/of sb. to do sth. 对于某人来说做某事是（当adj.是表示性格、品德的形容词时用of）. It takes sb. sometime to do sth. 某人做某事花了某时间.too+adj./adv. to do sth. 太.而不能 find/think/feel it +adj. to do sth.发现/认为/感到做某事是. 序数词+to do 第.个做某事例句:Who is the first to get there?我不知/忘记了怎么办。I didnt know/forgot what to do.离开房间时不要忘记/记住关灯 be+adj+to do sth例句:I am very sorry to hear that.I am ready to help others.I am happy/pleased/glad to meet you.顺口溜： 以下是不带to的动词不定式(即动词原形)的常见用法let sb. do sth让某人做某事 make do sth使得某人做某事 hear do sth do sth听见某人做某事see do sth do sth看见某人做某事why not 或why dont you +动词原形？为什么不.?（表示建议）例:Why not/Why dont you take a walk?某人+had better( not)do 某人最好(不)做某事情态动词can/may /must /should+ 动词原形（包括情态动词的否定形式+动词原形）助动词do/does/did/will/would在构成疑问句或者构成否定句即dont /doesnt /didnt /will not /would not+ 动词原形be going to + 动词原形（表示“即将”“打算” 做某事） 【中考考点衔接】【课本要点】there will be 将有【中考聚焦】Do you know there will _ English party this Friday. (2006 贵州铜仁)A. have an B. hold an C. is an D. be an【考点点拨】【课本要点】 be able to do 能/可以做.（P6）【中考聚焦】I am afraid that I _ finish the task in such a short time. Could you help me, please? (2006福建厦门)A. can B. am not able to C. am going to 【考点点拨】【课本要点】 . the same as 与一样（P8）【中考聚焦】Mrs Green gave birth to Lucy and Lily in 1992. Theyre twin sisters. (改为同义句)Lucy is the _ age _ Lily. (2006江苏盐城)【考点点拨】【课本要点】 for example （P8）