2012GCT考前点睛analysis.docVIP

2012 GCT 考前二周点睛I. Structure1. 时态和语态1) 区别一般过去和现在完成e.g.: I had breakfast. I have had breakfast.J 如果时间状语使用：in+过去时间; . ago; last .; S V . then; yesterday; the other day. 谓语常用一般J 如果时间状语使用：for + 时间段; since + 过去时间点; in the recent years I had breakfast two hours ago. I have had breakfast for two hours. die dead dying34e.g.: He died.e.g.: He died ten years ago.e.g.: He has died for 10 years.e.g.: He has been dead for years.e.g.: He is dying.e.g.: He is dead. 2) 区别过去完成时和现在完成时从理解，以及句子给出的时间线索J 现在完成时：-past-now- 发生在过去的事情，对现在产生影响。J 过去完成时：-past of past-past-now- 发生在过去的过去的事情，对过去产生影响e.g.: I had hardly fallen asleep when the telephone rang.e.g.: The old man has lived in the old house since his wife | was gone.Since uncertainty is always there, risk accompanies decision.3) 过去将来时：发生在过去一点的将来She said that she would do that. -past-now -I will do itI said that I would do it4) 非谓语动词的被动 I kicked the desk The desk was kicked The method | enables certain experiments .Enable sb. 2. 非谓语动词v. 谓语 非谓语谓语：S | V 1. be am is are was were 2. have has had 3 情态 + do4 do does did They | attempt their attempt Attempting to attempt 1) V + to do/doing.的区别J to do作动词的宾语a.通常接to do 作宾语的动词: agree, decide, desire, determine, expect, hope, pretend, promise, refuse, wish.J b. 通常接doing 作宾语的动词和短语: admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practise, risk, resist, suggest. be used to, cant help, cant stand, give up, go on, feel like, look forward to, devote to , stick to , object to, be busy.prep. + n./pron./doing.J doing与 to do 的区别: love, like, hate + to do 表示具体行为 e.g.: I like to go swimming this weekend.+ doing 表示经常性的行为 e.g.: I like swimming. start, begin书面语中接doing, 口头语中接to do, 区别不明显, 多根据使用者的语言习惯而定 e.g.: He starts to walk / walking.下列三种情况接to do: * 当主语为物时: e.g.: It starts to rain. 要下雨了.* 以-ing形式出现时: e.g.: She is beginning to cook dinner.* 当后面的宾语表示情感,思维,意念等 e.g.: He began to realize his mistakes. forget, remember, regret+ to do 没有做的事情 + doing做过的事情e.g.: Dont forget to turn off the lights I forgot to returning your money.e.g.: I regret to inform you that. I regret seeing the film. try, attempt+ to do 努力/试图做某事 或者表示还未行动+ doing 尝试着做某事(不行不会坚持) 或者表示已经行动e.g.: I tried to break up the deadlock. He tried moving the table.e.g.: Rose tried to kill herself. Rose tried killing herself. mean+ to do 意欲/想/企图 + doing 意味着e.g.: I meant to give you this book today, but I forgot. e.g.: Doing without a pet and sending the money to relief organization means saving a life. go on continue+ to do 继续做刚刚停在的事情/做完一件事情,继续做另一件事情+ doing 继续做同一件事情 e.g.: stop+ to do 停下(正在做的)某事,去做某事+ doing 停下正在做的事情 need, require, want+ to do 主动+ doing 被动e.g.: Radios today seldom need repairing or the attention of a technician. Radios today seldom need to be repaired or the attention of a technician.2) 分词短语做状语，以及独立主格结构J 分词短语做状语 doing ed When he had lunch, Jack sneezed.When he | had lunch, Jack | sneezed主动关系,用现在分词表示 Having lunch, Jack | sneezed.Jack | sneezed, Having lunch.Jack |, Having lunch, sneezed._ from the high building, people | look like ants.To be seen seen seeing sawJ 独立主格结构如果有自己独立的逻辑主语,直接加在分词短语前Rose having lunch, Jack sneezed.独立主格结构的形式: A型 和 B型A型: 1. 逻辑主语 + 现在分词, S V With Rose having lunch, Jack sneezed2. 逻辑主语 + 过去分词, S V With after The problem had been solved, everybody was tired.3. 逻辑主语 + 不定式, S V With The question to be discussed on the meeting, I have to prepare it4. 逻辑主语 + 形容词, S V With Mom being ill, I have to care for her.5. 逻辑主语 + 副词, S V With Time up, lets go.6. 逻辑主语 + 介词短语, S V With Sword in hand, I am afraid of nothing.独立主格结构的形式: B型: With + A3) 形式主语it代替真正的主语to doJ It is + adj. + to do .J It is + adj. for sb. To do sth.J It is + adj. that sb. do sthe.g.: It is a great pity for there to be any quarrel in the school board meeting.= It is a great pity that there was any quarrel in the school board meeting.Have sth done. I had my computer reparied Leave vi I am leaving for Vt I left my cup in the classroom Leave me Leave the trouble undone I reparied my computer 3. 从句引导词S | V because S V and S V if S V .名词从句引导词：that, whether, if; who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, why, how, how many.S 从句it is adj that S V.What .V | V . ?What they are telling me | is that the dying have no the right.O 从句Vt. Know that S V 动宾 Tell sb. that S V Prep + that S V. 介宾P 从句 Be that s v 是. Seem / appear that S V 好像同位语从句n 抽象 that 定语从句引导词：that, which, who, whom, whose, prep. + which / whom, when, where, why, as.N/pron. + 引导词 + 残缺的句子状语从句引导词：时间when, whenever, as, while, after, before, since, not.until, till, as soon as, hardly.when., no sooner. than., every time地点where, wherever条件if, unless, provided, supposing, as long as, once, in case原因because, since, as, in that, now that目的so that, in order that, lest结果so that, so + adj./adv. + that, such + n. + that比较as + adj/adv. + as S V., adj./adv.er. than S V., the adj./adv.er S V, the adj./adv.er + S V.方式as, as if, as though让步although, though, as, even if, even though, however + adj/adv + S V, whatever + n. + S V1) 名词和代词后面的从句 n./pron. + that/who/which/whom + 残缺的句子e.g.: Is there anything else _ you | want to get sth. ready for the party this evening?A. which B. who C. what D. thatWhich that 引导定语的区别：如果 n/porn 不定代词充当的 最高级 以及序数词修饰的时候e.g.: The people _ S are opposed to euthanasia are telling me that the dying people have no right to choose what they want.A. whom B. what C. who D. which 抽象n. + that + 完整的句子e.g.: No one could deny the fact _ we | are the part of eco-system. They didnt expose the fact (that the public want to know O). 时间n + when + 完整句子e.g.: Do you remember the time (when we | fall in love)? 时间n + that/which + 残缺句子e.g.: The time _ we | spend O on a pat does not belong to our own.Spend st./sm. Doing Spend st./sm on/in. 地点n + where + 完整句子e.g.: Do you still remember the little flat (where we used to live)? 地点n + that/which + 残缺句子e.g.: XXX that my husband and I | visited O last month is a really wonderful dream land. n./pron. + prep. + which/whome.g.: The circumstances (under which people | live under . Circumstances) | have an effect on their cultures and customs. Under no circumstances=in no waye.g.: A black hole is a space region _ _ nothing can escape from which. n. + whose n. e.g.: I like the room whose window faces the south.e.g.: People are surprised to the teenagers whose behaviors are offensive. 2) 及物动词和介词后面的从句 vt./prep. + that/whether/if + 完整的句子That 无意义；whether，if是否I see if it is effective e.g.: We know that a parrot cant really speak. vt./prep. + what +残缺的句子e.g. I dont care what she thinks O. tell me what I should do. 3) S V., _ s v. S V., + which + 残缺的句子e.g.: my policy has always been not to worry but to start planning the next experiment, (which S is always fun). S V., 状语从句引导词 + 完整句子Jazz was actually appreciated as an important art form in Europe _ it gained such recognition in the United States.After Before since although if S V., however + adj/adv S V.S V., whatever + n. S V. S V. However, S Ve.g.: _ small the new finding may be, it is great to think “I am the only person who knows this”e.g.: _ difficulties we are confronted, we will exert all of our strength.4) as/though引导让步状语从句的倒装P + as/though + S V, S V.Although he is handsome, he has no gf.Though he | is handsome,.Handsome though he is, .Handsome as he is, .e.g.: Handsome as he is, he knows nothing about e.g.: Child as he is, he could speak four languages.Although he is a child 4. 倒装部分倒装Be/情态do/助do + S + .I love you.In no way do I love you1) 表示否定或基本否定的词和词组放在句首作状语时否定的副词：not until, never, scarcely, hardly, rarely, little, nowhere, no soonerthan, hardlywhen, not only, in no case, in no way, on no account, at no time, under (in) no circumstances.e.g.: Never before has anyone applied such principles to practice.Anyone has applied such principles to practice never before.e.g.: Not only was Chaplin admired as a first-class actor, he also made his name as a famous director. Chaplin was not only admired as a first-class actor, he also made his name as a famous director.e.g.: Under no circumstances, could we accept the so-called “Taiwan Independence”We could accept the so-called “Taiwan Independence”, under no circumstances.e.g.: Not until she was dead, had people remembered her misfortunes not until she was dead had People remembered her misfortunes.2) only 修饰的状语放在句首 only V情动/ be /V助动 + S +e.g.: Only in a harmonious family, can a child build up his self-esteem. Only when she calms down, she will listen to your explanation.Only you can save my life 3) 句首为so, nor, neither等副词，表面前句说明的情况也适用于本句时. so + be/have/助动词/情态动词 + 主语 .也是一样. nor/neither + be/have/助动词/情态动词 + 主语 .也是一样e.g.: - I was afraid. - so was I.e.g.: - I cant speak English. - nor can I. e.g.: - A rabbit is a gentle animal. - so it is. nor/neither 可以用 not. either比较:I have never been abroad. So hasnt he. OI have never been abroad. Neither/Nor has he. PI have never been abroad. He has never/not been abroad, either. P4) 虚拟语气中的倒装倒装的是从句部分，从句中的谓语部分要出现助动词：had，should，were，非真实条件从句中连词省略e.g.: If I should fail, I would try again.Should I fail, I would try again.e.g.: If had you taken my advice, you would have down well5) as引导让步状语从句adj + as + S V , S V V + as + S + V情态 , S Ve.g.: Handsome as he is, he has no girl-friend.6) so. that.的倒装So + adj./adv. + be/have/助动词/情态动词 + S + that S V.He speaks english so clearly that .e.g.: So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.Exercises:1.Not until actually faced with water scarcity appreciate the value of water to a region. (08)Aone canBone cannotCcan oneDcannot one2Only by understanding the Web deeply hope for people to grasp its full potential. (06)There can be Acan there beBcan be thereCbe there canDthere can be3Scarcely those words when suddenly the monster was transformed into a very handsome youth. (05)Ahad he utteredBdid he utterChe had utteredDhe did utter4Not until recent years a popular means of communication. Ae-mail becameBe-mail has becomeCdid e-mail becomeDwill e-mail become5 Before we departed last weekend, we would have had a wonderful dinner party. AHad they arrivedBWould they arriveCWere they arrivingDWere they to arrive形式从句 if主句现在were / did would (should could might) +do动词原形过去had +done would (should could might) + have +done将来were / didshould do were to dowould (should could might) +do动词原形II. Vocabulary A charge A指控B curse B诅咒C accuse C控告D scold D责骂A abandon A放弃B desert B抛弃C injure C伤害D punish D惩罚A damage A损害,伤害B spoil B宠坏C hurt C伤害D harm D伤害A sentence A判决B tear B撕破C wreck C(船,飞机的)失事D fatigue D疲劳A release A释放B relieve B使宽慰，减轻C loosen C放松，松弛D dismiss D解散，解雇，驳回A grant A同意,准予B entitle B授权,给.权利C credit C相信,信任,信贷D give D交给A attraction A吸引力B attentionB注意C arrangement C安排D appointmentD约会A appoint A任命,委派B order B整顿C arrange C安排D tidy D整理A tip A给.小费B offer B提供C present C赠送,提出,呈现D representD代表A equip A装备B install B安装C furnish C供应D provide D供应,供给A reserve A储备B retain B保持C rescue C援救D recoverD痊愈A preserve A保存B perceive B察觉C penetrate C渗透D persist D坚持,持续A assessment A估计，评估B assignment B分配,委派C procedure C程序D protection D保护A manner A方式B mission B使命C route C路线D motion D运动A count in A把.计算在内B count on B依靠,指望C count up C把.加起来D count out D点数A account for A占,说明B on account of B由于C take into account C重视,考虑A collect A收集B acquire B获得,取得C derive C来自,源自D reward D酬劳,奖赏A gain A获得B grasp B抓紧C seize C抓住D grip D紧握A perform A执行B embrace B拥抱C earn C赚得D generateD产生A acquaintance A相识,熟人B acknowledgement B承认C recognition C认可,识别D association D联合A evidence A证据B status B身份C identity C身份A adapt A使适应,改编B suit (to) B()合适,适合C regulate C管制,控制,调整D adopt D采用A coordinate A调整,整理B cooperate B协作，配合C remedy C治疗D treat D治疗A adjust A调整B halt B暂停C interrupt C打断D combat D战斗A refer to A提到B point to B指向C extend to C延伸D amount to D总计A accurate A精确的B delicate B精致的C fixed C固定的D rigid D坚硬的A urgent A紧急的B excessive B过多的C adequate C足够的D steadyD稳定的A anxious A忧虑的B beneficial B有益的C fruitful C多产的,富有成效的D validD（法律上）有效的A effective A有效的B partial B局部的C potential C潜在的D respectiveD分别的A efficient A有效率的B sufficient B足够的C plenty C充足，大量D proficientD精通的A incline A倾向,倾斜B relate B把.联系起来C lessen C减少,减轻D decline D下降,衰落A turn down A拒绝B turn in B上缴C turn over C翻转D turn off D关掉A aggressive A侵略性的,攻击性的B arbitrary B任意的,武断的C ambitious C野心勃勃的,有抱负A allowing A允许,承认B drifting B漂流的,飘动的C mobile C可移动的,机动的A range A排列,归类于B separate B分开,隔离C differ C不一致,不同D reduce D减少A exception A除外,例外B exclusion B排斥C modification C更改D substitution D替代A trouble A烦恼B nuisanceB麻烦事C worryC苦恼D anxiety D忧虑A arrive A到达B increase B增加C promote C提拔,促进D heighten D升高A multiply A相乘B emphasize B强调C reinforce C强调D push D推动A trend A趋势B schedule B进度表A arrival A到达B dismissal B免职C survival C幸存D disposal D处置A artificial A人造的B unnatural B不自然的C false C假的D unreal D不真实的A automatically A自动地B artificially B人造地C manually C手工做地D synthetically D人工合成地A engage A使从事，使订婚B involve B卷入C interact C交互作用D associate D联合A attached A附上.的B responsible B有责任的C resistant C抵抗的D contrary D相反的A insure A给.保险,保证B guarantee B保证C ensure C确保D assureD确信A tolerate A容忍B undergo B遭受C endure C忍受，持续D witness D目击，为.作证A sustain A维持B maintain B维持，保养C deposit C储蓄D measure D测量，衡量A attribute A归因于B contribute B捐献,贡献C devote C投入于,献身D justifyD证明.是正当的A available A可得到的,可利用的B approachable B可接近的,平易近人的C attainable C可到达的,可得到的D applicableD可适用的,可应用的A preferable A较合意的,更可取B considerable B相当大(或多)的C possible C可能的D adaptable D能适应的,可修改的A suitable A适当的B proper B适当的C partialC部分的D liable D有责任的A bare A赤裸的,无遮蔽的B blank B空白的,空着的C hollow C空的，中空的D vacant D空的,空闲B seek B寻找C stimulate C刺激D shape D成形A register A登记，注册B resolve B解决，分解C bargain C契约,合同，便宜货D negotiation D商议,谈判E consult E商量,商议A conflict A斗争,冲突B struggle B斗争C campaign C竞选运动D battle D战役,战争E debate E争论,辩论F dispute F争论,辩论A barrier A障碍B battery B电池C basket C篮D barrel D桶E obstacle E障碍A fence A栅栏,围墙B prevention B预防,防止C jam C拥挤,堵塞D tragedy D悲剧,惨案E vacuum E真空A confuse A搞乱,使糊涂B trouble B麻烦C disturb C打扰D puzzle D迷惑E offense E进攻F distressF悲伤A prevent A阻止B turn B扭转C prohibit C禁止D avoidD避免A fault A过错B errors B过失C shortcomings C缺点D flawD缺点A boundary A边界B edge B边缘C border C边界D margin D页边的空白A distance A距离B scope B范围C range C行列D span D跨度A scale A规模B occupy B占据C classify C分类D gradeD等级，级别A break A打破B crack B裂纹C split C裂开D burst D胀裂A withdraw A撤消B failure B失败C absence C缺席D drop D下降A break into A破门而入B break through B突围,突破C break down C制服,压倒D break o