高考英语冠词考点的命题规律.docVIP

高考英语冠词考点的命题规律考查基本用法在全国每年的十几套高考英语试题中，至少有百分之六十的冠词考题涉及冠词的基本用法，或涉及基本用法的引申用法。所谓冠词的基本用法，指的就是不定冠词表不确指或泛指，定冠词表确指或特指。如：I know you dont like _ music very much. But what do you think of _ music in the film we saw yesterday? (全国III)A. 不填; 不填 B. the; the C. the; 不填 D. 不填; the答案为D。第一空后的music为泛指，故不填冠词; 第二空后的music为特指，即特指the film we saw yesterday中的music，故填定冠词。考查特殊用法冠词的特殊用法比较复杂，但根据近几年的命题特点来看，以下几种特殊用法值得注意：序数词前冠词的使用问题，人名词前冠词的使用问题，星期名词前冠词的使用问题，一日三餐名词前冠词的使用问题，比较级前冠词的使用问题，等等。如：Could you tell me the way to _ Johnsons, please? Sorry, we dont have _ Johnson here in the village. (全国II)A. the; the B. the; a C. 不填; the D. the; 不填答案为B。第一空填定冠词，the Johnsons指约翰逊一家人；第二空填不定冠词，a Johnson指“一个叫约翰逊的人”，其中的a表非确指。George couldnt remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it was _ Sunday because everybody was at _ church. (重庆卷)A. 不填; the B. the; 不填 C. a; 不填 D. 不填; a答案为C。第一空填不定冠词，表泛指，指某一个不确定的星期天；第二空不填冠词，at church为习语，其中不用冠词。考查搭配用法英语的固定搭配和习惯搭配非常丰富，其中有的要用冠词，有的不用冠词，这需要同学们在平时的学习中注意积累。如：If you go by _ train, you can have quite a comfortable journey, but make sure you get _ fast one. (全国卷III)A. the, the B. 不填, a C. the, a D. 不填, 不填答案为B。根据英语的搭配习惯，by train / by bus这类表达中不用冠词，可排除A和C；表示“一辆快车”用a fast one，其中one是代词，代替train。09高考英语易错题：冠词考点来源：网络 2008年11月08日 浏览次数: 4. I once watched _ one-act play, which was played by _ 11-year-old boy.A. a, a B. an, anC. a, an D. an, a 【陷阱】几个干扰均有可能误选。 【分析】最佳答案填C。第一空填 a，因为 one-act的第一个音是辅音不是元音；第二空填an，是因为 11的英文是eleven它的第一个音是元音不是辅音。类似以下各题的答案是 C 不是其他：(1) Before he was arrested, he had taken _ one-month holiday, and stayed in the country with _ 18-year-old girl, one of his students.A. a, a B. an, anC. a, an D. an, a (2) We hired _ one-eyed man to play in our film, and we gave him _ 100-pound check for just one minute.A. a, an B. an, aC. a, a D. an, an5. “Have you seen _ pen? I left it here this morning.” “Is it _ black one? I think I saw it somewhere.”A. a, the B. the, theC. a, a D. the, a【陷阱】误选A，生搬硬套冠词用法规则：第一次提到某人或某事物用不定冠词，第二次再提到该人或该事物时用定冠词。【分析】最佳答案为C。第一空填a，比较好理解；而第二空填a是因为此句中的one 并非指前面提到的 pen，即这里的 one 与前面的 pen 并非同一事物，这从后面一句的 I think I saw it somewhere 可以清楚地知道。请比较下面一题： “Have you seen _ pen? I left it here this morning.” “Is it _ black one? I found it in the corner.”A. a, the B. the, theC. a, a D. the, a此题的最佳答案是 A不是C。请注意其后 I found it in the corner这一信息，它表明说明者是拿着笔在与对方说话。请再看一个类似的例子：“Have you seen _ new bike? I put it here just now.” “Is it _ white one? A boy has ridden it away.”A. a; a B. a; theC. the; the D. the; a此题答案选A，注意其后的 A boy has ridden it away 表明自行车已不在说话者身旁。6. My friend Mary is _ beautiful girl and _ girl everyone likes to work with.A. a, a B. a, theC. the, a D. the, the【陷阱】很容易误选B，认为第一次提到 girl 用不定冠词，第二次提到就应该用定冠词。【分析】最佳答案为A。句中第二次提到 girl 时并不是特指的，此句实为一省略句，补充完整为 My friend Mary is a beautiful girl and she is a girl everyone likes to work with. 请再做以下试题(答案选A)： 上一页12345下一页典型陷阱题分析 1. “Do you know _ English for 帅哥?” “Im afraid I dont. Im not interested in _ English language.”A. the, the B. the, 不填C. 不填, the D. 不填, 不填【陷阱】容易误选D，因为表示语言的名词前通常不用冠词。【分析】最佳答案为A。在英语中，表示语言的名词前通常不用冠词，但在某些特殊情况下可用冠词。如：(1) 当语言名词表特指意义，其前可用定冠词。如：The English spoken in America and Canada is a little different from that spoken in England. 美国和加拿大讲的英语与英国讲的英语有点不同。(2) 当语言名词表示某一语言中的对应词时，其前要用定冠词。如：Whats the English for this? 这个东西用英语怎么说? (3) 当在语言名词后加上 language一词时，也要用冠词。如：There have been many changes in the history of the English language. 英语发展过程中有很多变革。2. I couldnt remember the exact date of the storm, but I knew it was _ Sunday because everybody was at _ church. A. a, the B. a, 不填C. 不填, a D. 不填, 不填【陷阱】容易误选D，因为星期名词前不加冠词；而 at church 表示在教堂里做礼拜，其中也不用冠词。【分析】最佳答案为B。确实，在通常情况下星期名词前不用冠词，但在某些特殊情况下还是可以用冠词的，如表示特指，其前可用定冠词；表示“某一个”或受描绘性定语修饰表示“某种”这样的意义等，其前可用不定冠词。如：He came on the Sunday and went away on the Monday. 他星期日来，星期一就走了。My birthday happened to be on a Saturday. 我的生日碰巧是星期六。3. Which person do you refer to, the one with _ long hairorthe one with _ long beard?A. a, a B. 不填，不填C. a, 不填 D. 不填，a【陷阱】误选A或B，认为hair(头发)和beard(胡须)性质和用法应该差不多，要么都可数，要么都不可数，或者说要么都用不定冠词，要么都不用。【分析】最佳答案选D。hair 和 beard 在用法上并不完全相同：hair 可用作可数或不可数名词，用作可数名词时，指一根一根的毛发或头发，如说 Theres a hair in my soup (我的汤里有根头发)；用作不可数名词（集合名词）时，则是整体地指一个人的头发。比较：He has gray hairs. 他有几根白发了。He has gray hair. 他满头白发了。而beard 则通常只用作可数名词，且指的是一个人所有的胡须，而不是指一根胡须，它的复数形式，通常是指多个人的胡须，而不是指多根胡须，如：He no longer wears a beard. 他不再留胡须。Not all men grow beards. 并不是所有的男人都留胡须。 12345下一页with+复合宾语结构”按其构成可分为1、with+宾语+介词短语1).EnglishlessonsarebroadcasteverydayontheradiowithexplanationsinEnglishandotherlanguages.广播电台每天播放英语课程，并用英语或其他语言进行解说。2).BBCEnglishbroadcastsprogrammesforChinawithexplanationsinChinese.英语对中国广播的节目是用汉语进行解释的。2、with+宾语+现在分词1).TheYangtzeRiverisverybusywithsomanyboatsandshipscomingandgoingeveryday.每天长江上各种船只来来往往显得格外忙碌。2).Theyoungwoman，withababysleepinginherarms，waswanderinginthestreet.那位年轻妇女，怀抱一个熟睡的婴儿，漫步在大街上。3、with+宾语+过去分词1).Theboywascryingwiththetoybroken.玩具破了，那男孩在哭。2).Youshouldgotosleepwiththelightturnedoff.你应该把灯熄了再睡。4、with+宾语+动词不定式1).Withsomanyessaystowrite，hewonthavetimetogoshoppingthismorning.他有那么多文章要写，今天没有时间去买东西。2).Withthedictionarytohelphim，hetriedtofinishreadingthestory-book.借助词典，他试着把这本书读完。5、with+宾语+形容词1).Withthedooropen，thenoiseofthemachineisalmostdeafening.由于门开着，机器的噪音几乎震耳欲聋。2).Withthefloorwet，Ihadtostayoutside.由于地板潮湿，我只得呆在屋外。6、with+宾语+副词1).Withhersisterout，shehadtostayathomealone.因为她的姐姐出去了，她只得独自呆在家里。2).Thelittleboysatinfrontofthehouse，withhisshoesoff.这个小男孩站在房子前面，他把鞋子给脱了。“with+复合宾语结构”按其用法可分为1、作状语表示行为方式或伴随、表示时间、表示原因、表示条件、表示补充说明等。例句：Withthemeetingover，weleftthemeeting-room.会议结束后，我们离开了会议室。Withtheteacherill，wehavetostudybyourselves.由于老师生病了，我们不得不自学。Withtimepermitting，wewillvisitthesummerPalace.如果时间许可的话，我们将参观颐和园。Heenteredtheroomwithhisnoseredwithcold.他进屋来了，鼻子都冻红了。2、作定语1).ThewomanwithababyinherarmsisLiPingsmother.抱小孩的那个妇女是李平的母亲。2).Thesouthernpartoftheislandisaseparatecountry，calledtheRepublicIrelandwithDublinasitscapital.该岛南部则是另外一个国家，叫做爱尔兰共和国，首都是都柏林。3、作主语补足语和宾语补足语1).Thenextmorningthelakewasfoundwithathinsheetoficeon.第二天早上，人们发现湖面上结了一层冰。2).Shesawabookwithredflowersandgreengrassonbosssides.她看见一条小溪，两岸长满红花绿草。要注意的是，在with的复合结构中，with大都无含义，译成汉语时往往省略。但如果是without复合结构，就一定译出来，因为without有否定意义。如：1).Possiblythispersondiedwithoutanyoneknowingwherethecoinswerehidden.可能这个人去世后，无人知道这批硬币藏于何处。2).Withoutanyonetotalktothewholeafternoon，hefeltverylonel.整个下午他没有人可以交谈，他感到很寂寞。.2With的复合结构作独立主格表伴随时，既可用分词的独立结构，也可用with的复合结构。with+名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语举例:Hestoodthere,hishandraised.=Hestoodthere,withhishandraise.典型例题Themurderwasbroughtin,withhishands_behindhisback。A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied答案D.with+名词（代词）+分词+介词短语结构。当分词表示伴随状况时，其主语常常用with来引导。由于本句中名词手与分词绑是被动关系，因此用过去分词，选D.注意:1)独立主格结构使用介词的问题：当介词是in时，其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分（如物主代词或冠词），也不用复数。但with的复合结构不受此限制Arobberburstintotheroom,knifeinhand.(hand前不能加his)。2)当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时，及物动词用现在分词，不及物动词用过去分词。Helaythere,histeethset,hishandclenched,hiseyeslookingstraightup.典型例题：Weather_,wellgooutforawalk.ApermittedBpermittingCpermitsDforpermitting答案B.本题中没有连词，它不是复合句，也不是并列句。句中使用了逗号，且we小写，可知其不是两个简单句。能够这样使用的只有独立主格或with的复合结构。据此判断，本句中使用的是独立结构，其结构为：名词+分词。由于permit在这里翻译为天气允许，表主动，应用现在分词，故选B。一、 整个结构以with/without打头 例1 You have no idea how she finished the relay race_her foot wounded so much.（2008福建） A. forB. when C. withD. while 解析 C。此题考查句式结构“with+宾语+补语”的用法。并列连词for表示原因，且其前常用逗号隔开；连词when/while表示时间，用在此处虽无句法错误，但不如句式结构“with+宾语+补语 ”用在此处表示伴随更好。句意：你不知道她是怎样克服脚伤坚持跑完接力比赛的。 启示整个结构以with/without打头，后接复合结构。高考利用此结构，表面考查介词辨析，实则考查考生对此结构的认知和把握。考生还应注意此结构与as引导的非限制性定语从句以及其他连词引导的状语从句的区别。如： It was a pity that the great writer died with his works unfinished. 二、 宾语用名词或代词形式 例2 Possibly the person died without_ knowing where the old coins were hidden. A. no oneB. someone C. anyoneD. everyone 虚拟语气考点 典型陷阱题分析 1. I forget where I read the article， or I _ it to you now. A. will show B. would show C. am going to show D. am showing 陷阱几个干扰项均有可能误选。 分析正确答案选B.根据上文的语境可知句中的 or 隐含有一个虚拟的条件，即 or=if I didnt forget where I read the article（要是我没忘记我在哪儿读过这篇文章的话但事实上忘了）。 2. “It looks as if he were drunk.” “So it does. _.” A. Hed better give up drinking B. He shouldnt have drunk so much C. Health is more important than drink D. I wonder why he is always doing so 陷阱几个干扰项均有可能误选，主要是受句中 drunk 一词的影响。 分析最佳答案为D.关键信息是It looks as if he were drunk 中的虚拟语气，句子既然用了虚拟语气，也就是说，“他喝醉了”不是事实，只是他的言行好像是醉了，所以此题的最佳答案是D. 3. “Mary looks hot and dry” “So _ you if you had so high a fever.” A. do B. are C. will D. would 陷阱容易误选A或C.选A者，认为前后两句的动词性质应一致；选C者，认为其后带有if 条件状语从句，从语气上看，主句应用将来时态。 分析此题最佳答案为D.分析如下： （1） “so + 助动词 + 主语”是一个很有用的结构，它表示“也一样”时。如： He likes to watch TV， and so do I. 他喜欢看电视，我也一样。 When animals and plants disappear， so will man. 当动植物消失的时候，人类也会随之消失。解析 C。4. “He will come tomorrow.” “But Id rather he _ the day after tomorrow.” A. will come B. is coming C. came D. had come 陷阱容易误选A或B.根据上文的 He will come tomorrow 以及下文的时间状语 the day after tomorrow 似乎都表明空白处应填一个一般将来时态。 分析但此题的最佳答案是 C.按照英语习惯，would rather 后接that 从句时，从句谓语通常要用虚拟语气，即用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成时表示过去。又如： Id rather you left right now. 我宁愿你现在就离开。 I would much rather it was forgotten. 我更愿这事被遗忘掉。 Id rather he hadnt told me about it. 我宁愿他没告诉我这事。 请再做以下试题（答案均为B）： （1） “Shall I come tomorrow ？” “Id rather you _.” A. wont B. didnt C. dont D. wouldnt （2） “Ive told him about it.” “But Id rather you _.” A. didnt B. hadnt C. dont D. wouldnt （3） “He will take you as well.” “But Id rather he _.” A. wont B. didnt C. doesnt D. wouldnt 5. All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he _ badly wounded and that he _ at once. A. should be； be operated on B. were； must be operated on C. was； should be operated分析最佳答案选 D.insist后的从句谓语有时用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，有时不用，具体要看该谓语动词所表示的含义。一般说来，若该谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气；若该谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。分析上题的句意，可知只有选D最合适。请做以下类似试题（答案选B）： （1） The patient insisted that he _ ill and _ to the hospital. A. wasnt， wasnt sent B. wasnt， shouldnt be sent C. shouldnt be， wasnt sent D. shouldnt be， shouldnt be sent （2） The man in prison insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ set free. A. should do， should be B. had done， should be C. had done， had been D. should do， had been （3） I advised that he _ to the hospital at once， but he insisted that he _ quite well then. A. was sent； felt B. be sent； was feeling C. he sent； feel D. should be sent； should feel 6. _ smoking， he would not have got cancer in the lung. A. Was he given up B. Had he given up C. Did he give D. If he gave up 陷阱容易误选 D. 分析正确答案应选B.之所以不能选D，是因为时态前后有矛盾。由于主句谓语是would not have got，这表明是对过去事实作出的假设，所以从句谓语应该是 had given up，而不是像D项那样用一般过去时。另外，当虚拟条件句中有 had， should， were 等词时，通常可以省略 if，并将 had， should， were 提前置于句首。又如： Were they to cease advertising， prices would come down.= If they were to cease advertising， prices would come down. 如果他们停止做广告，价钱会降下来。 Had I been there， I would have filmed the occasion.= If I had been there， I would have filmed the occasion. 如果我在那里，我会把那场面拍摄下来了。 上一页1234561. “I still havent thanked Aunt Lucy for her present.” “Its time you _.” A. do B. did C. had D. would 2. If I hadnt been lucky enough to meet you. I really _ what I would have done. A. dont know B. hadnt known C. wasnt knowing D. wouldnt know 3. “Ive told everyone about it.” “Oh， Id rather you _.” A. dont B. hadnt C. couldnt D. wouldnt 4. It has been raining for a day， but even though it hadnt rained， we _ there by tomorrow. A. cant get B. wont get C. hadnt got D. wouldnt get 5. “Do you know his address？” “No， I also wish I _ where he _.” A. knew， live B. knew， lives C. know， lives D. know， lived 6. “Isnt it about time you _ to do morning exercises？” “Yes， it is. Would you like to join us？” A. begin B. have begun C. began D. had begun 7. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love， at the age of seven， with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall 8. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball， otherwise he _ a goal. A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored 9. If only he _ quietly as the doctor instructed， he would not suffer so much now. A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie 10. Without the air to hold some of the suns heat， the earth at night _ for us to live. A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldly C. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly 上一页123456下一页11. Yesterday， Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise， she _ something she would regret later. A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have said 12. You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn， you _ so tired. A. drove； didnt get B. drove； wouldnt get C. were driving； wouldnt get D. had driven； wouldnt have got 13. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water， it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken 14. But for the help you gave me， I _ the examinations. A. would have passed B. would pass C. wouldnt have passed D. wouldnt pass 答案与解析 1. 选B.Its time you did 为 Its time you thanked Aunt Lucy for her present 之略。按照英语语法，its time 后从句通常要用过去式。 2. 选A.虽然前有虚拟条件句， 后有使用了虚拟语气的宾语，但 I dont know 却宜用一般现在时，因为 I dont know 表述的是现在的真实情况，句意为“我要不是有幸遇到你，我真不知（指现在不知）我会做出什么蠢事来”。 3. 选B.Id rather 后接从句时，从句谓语的时态规律是：用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成式表示过去。 4. 选A.we cant get there by tomorrow 为客观事实，故宜用陈述语气。 5. 选B.第一空填 knew，因为 I wish 后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气（即用过去式表示现在的想法）；第二空要填lives，即用陈述语气，因为 where he lives 是一个客观事实，而不是 I wish 的内容。 上一页123456下一页非谓语动词考点典型陷阱题分析 1. Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could _ a good college.A. enter B. to enterC. entering D. entered【陷阱】容易误选A。有的同学一看到空格前的情态动词 could 就断定此处应填动词原形 enter。【分析】其实正确答案应是B。此句为省略句，即在 could 后省略了动词 do，若把句子补完整应为Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could do to enter a good college。即句中的不定式短语(to enter a good college)是用作目的状语的，而不是与情态动词(could)一起构成谓语。请再看类似例句：(1) They did what they could to comfort her. 他们尽量安慰她。(2) They did everything they could to save her life. 他们尽一切力量拯救她的性命。(3) He studies as hard as he could to catch up with his classmates. 他拼命学习以便赶上他的同学。值得指出的是，这也并不是说今后只要遇到类似结构的题就一定选带to不定式。请看以下试题：(4) He ran as fast as he could _ to catch the early bus.A. to hope B. hopeC. hoping D. hoped