名词的语法功能.docx

二、名词的语法功能名同可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾(主)语补足语、状语、同位语等成分。 I.名词作主语、宾语 The book is very interesting. The boy broke his leg last week He lost the game. 2.名词作表请、宾(主)语补足语 She is a liar. We cansider him a good teacher. He was appointed ambnasador to Great Britain. 3.名词作定语 名词作定语时涌常要使用单数形式，如:evening paper, night club, Jam分tree, hearttrouble, srierwe fiction, fire wall等，但有时也要用复数形式，如:.eporls car, careers guidance,savings bank等。 The winter vacation is coming. The world is faced with population explosion and enerV crisis. In American. people pay sales tax an many items they buy. 4.名词作状语 He stayere (for) five days. The mceg lastedors. 5.名饲作同位语 I, yourfather, should advise you about your marriage. He a famous writer, is easy to get along with. like He mingwu works, especially The Old Man and the Sea. The daily neccssitics-that is clothes, food, water, etc.-were supplied.三、名词的数1.可效名词的效(I)规则变化的可数名词复数形式I)大多数可数名词的复数是在单数名词后加。 deskdcsks daydaysfricnd-.fricnds computLputer2) El字母x, s, eh.ah结尾的可数名词，在词尾坏es. bus-buses box-boxes watch-.watches brush-.brushesJ)以辅音字母加y结尾的可数名同.改y为i.再加。 party-.parties lady-.ladies6)字母、数字和缩略词的友数形式 a-tasa s-,Os 4-.four4s/4s 4个4 1990-19905/1990s P-.P.P/pagesVIP-.VIPsIV;Ps(2)不规则变化的可数名词复数形式1)有些单数名闭翅过改变内部元音变为复数形式。 foot-.feet mouse-.mice wOman-women goose-.geese Iouse-lice2)单数名词通过词尼加比变为复数形式， 3)一些外来词仍保留原语言中变化形式。 crisis-+criacs analysis-analyses meum-.me.tum-*data backri m-,cteria crite6on-.criteria index-indices diagnosis-diagnosas字母，20 年代- 90年代大人物basis,-biasphenomenon -.phenomenaformula-.formulaestimulus-stimuli 2.不可致名询的欲 一般来说，不可数名同只有单效形式，没有复数形式，但可以通过使用单位词的方式表示个体、群体、行为或状态 (1)用单位词表示个体。 a plecehheet of paper a slice of meal/cake a loa即iece of bread a bar of chooolate/gold a cake of soap a lump of sugar a flash of lightning an artlcle of clothing a cube of ice a bottle of beer/juice a tin of beer a basket of fruit 二tube of toothpaste a handful of sand a dmp/mouthjul of water a grain of rice a kilo of sugar a game of football a piece of newsadvice a species of insect a pair of shoesfleanslsocks (2)用单位饲表示群体.更多地用T复数可数名词. a crew of sailor a troop of soldiers a host of friends a gang of thieves a crowd of people a pack of wolves 。刀ark of abceplbirds a school of whale., a二of bees a herd of elephants a set of forniturelequipment a shefof books a string of pearls a bouquet of flowers a bunch of grapes (3)用单位词表示行为或状态。 a ray of hope ar of anger/coughing a burst of applause a flash of lightning a shower of criticism an attack of fever an act of kindness a stroke of luck a peal of laughter 3.蟹合名词的数 复合名伺是由两个或两个以上的词构成的。有些复合名词中词与词之间用连字符连接，有的则不用。有些复食名词是可数名词，因此也响复数形式。 (l名词十名词构成的复合名问.将第二个名词变成复致。 traffic light-.traffic lights blood type-.blood types men-ester-+ man-caters heir-style-.hair-styles shoemnLrprshcem2t!-% 100+*+9n-.footmen (2)名词十介词+名词构成的复合名词.将第一一个名词变成复致。 son-in-law- sons-in-law editor-in-chief， editors-ia-chief man-of-war-.mcn-of-war rades-in-arms (3)其他词类+名词构成的复合名词，将名词变成复数。 reenhous -+grcenhrnucs reing-mom-.rea rooms dark-room-.dark-rooms Iooker-on-+Iookers-on runner-up-mums-up bride-to-be-.tnides-to-be(4)其他词类构成的复介名词，通常把最后一个词变成复数。 90,比wccn-.go-bctwecnsgrox11-叩grown-ups stand-by-stand-bys good-for-nothing-.good-for-nothings get-together-get-togethcrs outlook-outloola income-incomes hnld-up-.hold-ups forget-me-not-forget-me-nots toach-me-not-touch-me-nots(5)由二。或woman构成的复合名词，要把两个t.1都变成复数。 man-servant-men-servants woman doctor-women doctors 注意lady doctor-.lady doctors girl friend-girl friends单岌效形式相同的名坷的效有些名i可单复数形式相同，既可用作单数，也可用作复数。 s