单是领导对他的称呼.doc

1 单是领导对他的称呼，就够他思索半天。留心“单”字的译法，弄不好就译成了“仅有、只有”。注意“半天”的比喻用法，避免死译。1 经验告诉他，倘或领导称他为“白天明同志”，这便意味着一场严肃的谈话，领导准会又向他指出他的一些该去掉的毛病，或者应该加紧改造的问题。本句的第一个小句“经验告诉他”在内容上涵盖了下面所有的四句话。如将其译成主句，则后面所有的句子都成为其宾语从句，这样会导致异常复杂的长句，难以驾驭，所以应该考虑在此断句，使用分句法将其译成独立的句子。注意“准”、“又”和“毛病”的译法，留心“改造问题”在英文里如何搭配。注意本句中以及下面另外三个句子里的“倘或”如何处理。这是一个排比结构，但结构上的排比不等于意义上的并置，请寻找四句话中隐含的逻辑关系（并列、转折、递进）。1 倘或称他为“白天明”，那就更糟，说不定接下去就是一场批判。句6）与句5）之间是递进关系。注意“批判”一词在中文里含有的情感意义，确定译文的选词。1 而倘或称他为“老白”，这便是说，领导已经认可他属于地地道道的人民一分子，而且还有了点成绩，让领导高兴。句7）与句6）之间是转折关系。注意分析中文句式，不要拿中文句子往英文里套。思考“老”字的译法。既要让英文读者看得懂，又不能造成误解。（”lao” 还是old？）如何才能两全其美？“老”在此起什么作用？英文里如何表达这层意思？分析“有了点成绩”中“点”的含义，这是主人公自谦的想法，不宜直译为“little achievement”。注意“人民”一词的情感意义。英文里一个光秃秃的people是无法表达出该词丰富的内涵的。1 再倘或称他为“天明”，这便是他的幸福，足可以让他沉浸在苦涩的快乐里许多许多天。句7）和句8）之间是递进关系。考虑“苦涩的快乐”如何译。琢磨“幸福”的选词。最后，请研究四种称谓“白天明同志、白天明、老白、天明”的表述。这几个词是全篇的关键，是“文眼”，译得好坏事关全局。由于中文姓名的顺序及使用方法与英文有别，直接用汉语拼音将其塞到英文里不便于西方读者领会其中的奥妙，不妨考虑对它们使用阐释性翻译法，即在字里行间加入描述性词语，譬如：“白天明同志”=“在全名前面缀以同志的正式称呼”“白天明”=“光秃秃的名字，无任何称呼”“老白”=“Dear Old Bai，一种尊敬而不失亲切的称呼”“天明”=“直呼其名的亲密的称呼”当然，这些办法只能起到有限的作用，有时文化差异在翻译中造成的障碍是无法逾越的。如尽管“同志”可以译成英文的comrade，但是英文里comrade使用的场合及其社会意义与汉语里的“同志”并不相同。有人试图用Mr.代替，希望借此达到“对等”，但是中文里“同志”所含有的郑重语气和政治色彩是英文的“先生”所没有的。这只能是个遗憾。 As a result, he felt his heart jumping to his throat (he is filled with apprehension, seized with misgivings, he was on tenterhooks, uneasy, upset) whenever summoned for an interview from above. Just the way he is addressed (or greeted) (The form of address alone used on him,) by the leader would cast him into long hours of speculation. For his sensitivity had been borne out by experience. If the conversation was started by the chief with the addressing “Comrade Bai Tianming”(If he was addressed by his full name prefixed by “Comrade”), this would signal the opening of a harsh speech (severe lecture), when his superior would (, as usual,) again enumerate the flaws he had found with him which was in need of overcoming, or some defects to get rid of. If the greeting was a bare “Bai Tianming”, blatantly called out without being prefixed by any appellation, it meant he was going to fare worse this time. More often than not, what followed would be a torrent of severe verbal condemns. Occasionally, however, if the chief opened the talk with “(Dear) old Bai”, it would suggest that he, Bai Tianming, had been recognized as a bona fide element of the “common people”, and, more importantly, had scored a bit of accomplishment to the bosss pleasure. If, rarely, he was further blessed by good luck and was greeted as “Tianming”, with his surname left out, this attitude of intimacy would constitute (consist in) his ultimate happiness, an ecstasy which could keep him in a bitter (grieved) blissf