四级形容词教师版.docVIP

形容词一、 考纲解读 1 了解形容词和副词的语法功能； 2 了解多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序； 3 掌握形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成形式； 4 掌握形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级的结构和用法； 5 掌握修饰比较级或最高级的常用的词语； 6 了解定语形容词和表语形容词的用法以及形容词后置的问题。 二、考点分析 考点1： 在具体的语境中辨析形容词与副词的语义 从复现的频率来看，此点是高考对形容词、副词考查的第一大热点。解答此类题关键是要分析具体的语境，结合基本词义、搭配等来选择正确的答案。 经过统计，常见常考的形容词和副词有（按频度排列）：even; interested; interesting; yet; hardly; just; therefore; though; too; very; common; effective; either; ever; fair; however; less; more; nearly; only; purposefully; rather; still; such; surprised; surprising；还有以下形容词和副词应当熟悉和掌握： a good many; a number of; acceptable; accidentally; actively; adequately; already; another; anxious; anyway; ashamed; attentively; bad; badly; besides; better; but; careful; changeable; cheap; comfortable; convenient; eagerly; easy; encouraging; enha-ncing; equal; even though; eventually; fairly; far; fewer; following; formally; friendly; gen-erously; gradually; heavily; historic; hopefully; immediately; inaccessible; individual; inevit-able; initial; instead; invisible; largely; never; next; no; normal; nowadays; obviously; ordin-ary; other; otherwise; patient; plenty of; prac-tical; promoting; proper; quickly; readily; reasonable; remote; seldom; seriously; short; so; stimulating; traditional; unavailable; unav-oidable; unfavorable; unfortunately; usual; va-rious; weak; well A new _bus service to Tianjin Airport started to operate two months ago. A. normal B. usual C. regular D. common 解析： 答案为C。三 用法定义：形容词是用来修饰名词的词，描述名词的性质、外观、特点等。 功能：形容词可以做定语、表语或补助语。分类：主要分为两类：描绘性形容词和限定性形容词。 描绘性形容词主要用来描绘大、小、新旧、颜色、质量等。 限定性形容词主要用来限定所修饰词的数量、距离及范围所属等。1当形容词修饰单数可数名词时，必须与冠词连用：（T/F ）Mary is lovely girl 2形容词可与系动词连用，做表语，说明主语的性状。常用系动词有：be，become，seem，appear，feel，look，taste，smell，sound，remain，go，turn，keep，stay, etc. The dish tastes delicious. The music sounds sweet. The milk went bad. 小心陷阱 (T/F) feel，smell，taste，look，keep可以用作实义动词，并可以用副词修饰。He looked me up and down carefully. I tasted the soup slowly to see whether it was salty. 3 Translation 形容词用作后置定语。（简单理解：一般的形容词修饰名词时放在名词前面，但有些形容词修饰名词时放在名词的后面）a river navigable（一条可通航的河）sight visible可见的景象person responsible（负责人）注意：responsible person（有责任心的人） the best way possible（尽可能好的办法） the number necessary（必要的数量） the people present（在场的人） 4只能作表语的形容词1）某些表示健康状况的形容词。well（身体好的），ill（病的），faint（虚弱的），poorly（身体不好的）示例：His mother has been ill for a long time. T/F He is an ill man. The man is ill特别注意：sick是个特例。它既可做表语，又可做定语。He is sick for a couple of days.（他病两三天了）He is a sick person.（他是个病人。）2）某些以 a-开头的形容词。如：afraid（害怕的），alone（独自的），alive（活着的），asleep（睡着的），awake（醒 着的），aware（意识到的）The old man is alone in the house.（老人一个人在家。）The teacher is alive with enthusiasm.（这位老师热情洋溢。）He is asleep in his mothers arms.（他在母亲的怀抱中睡着了。）I have been aware of the difficulty.（我已经意识到了困难。）5当一系列形容词修饰名词时，须注意排列顺序：代明形容词 + 数量形容词 + 性状 形容词 + 名词。（下图看起来费劲，看透了绝对实用）代明形容词数量形容词性状形容词名词1234567891011用于冠词前的形容词冠词序数基数性质状态大小长短形状新旧温度颜色国籍材料名词指示代词物主代词动名词不定代词AllthefirstonegoodbigoldblueEnglishwoodboxBothA(n)secondtwobadsmallnewyellowIndianstonethiscageSuchthat.roundcold.Ironyour.SomeEg. a broken small old gray stone bridge. such a good yellow pen.8. 形容词与副词的比较级要注意 1）要避免重复使用比较级。 （错） He is more cleverer than his brother.2）要避免将主语含在比较对象中。 （错） China is larger than any country in Asia. （对） China is larger than any other countries in Asia.3）要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。 The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.4）要注意定冠词在比较级中的使用。比较：Which is larger, Canada or Australia?Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?4.11 many, 1） 如果后接名词时，much more +不可数名词，many more +可数名词复数。 和more有关的词组: 1） the morethe more越就越。例如：2） more B than A =less A than B 与其说A不如说B。 He is more lazy than slow at his work. = He is less slow than lazy at his work. 他工作时，与其说是反应慢不如说是懒 3） no more than 与一样，不比多。例如：The officials could see no more than the Emperor. 官员们看到的和皇帝一样多。 no less than与一样。例如：He is no less diligent than you. 他和你一样勤勉。 4） more than不只是，非常。例如： She is more than kind to us all. 她对我们非常热心。5) not more than “不够多”His books are not more than yours.四 练习题2. These oranges taste _. A. good B. well C. to be goodD. to be well【分析】答案选A。系动词taste(尝起来)后要接形容词作表语。3. John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes _.A. openB. to be opened C. to openD. opening【分析】答案选A。形容词open(开着的)作宾补，表示状态。注意：不要选答案D，因为open是短暂性动词，不能表状态。B副词：就是修饰动词、形容词、其它副词或全句，说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词。副词在句中主要作状语。如：Its raining heavily. 雨下得很大。(副词heavily修饰谓语动词heavily)Its a rather interesting job. 这是一份相当有趣的工作。(副词rather修饰形容词interesting)She speaks English very well. 她的英语说得很好。(副词very修饰副词welTimes New RomanveryThis is just what he said. 这正是他所说的。(副词just修饰what he said)注：here, there, in, out, away, abroad等少数副词也可以作表语；here, there, home, abroad, below等表示地点或方位的词及today, tomorrow, yesterday, back, out等表示时间或动词方向词还可以作定语。如：Tom isnt here. 汤姆不在这里。(here作表语) The people there were very kind to us. 那里的人对我们很友好。(副词there作定语，修饰people) 二、定语形容词与表语形容词A表语形容词：有的形容词一般只作表语，如表示健康状况的well, unwell, ill, faint，表示情感反应的glad, sorry, fond, worth, able，以a开头的afraid, alone, asleep, alive, awake, alike, ashamed等。但有的可作后置定语或补语。B定语形容词：通常只作定语的形容词，如起强调作用的only(唯一的), single(唯一的), certain(某一), certain(真正的), true(真正的), very(正是), live(活的), exact(准确的), present(在场的)，由名词等转化而来的wooden(木制的), woolen(羊毛制的), drunken(醉的), medical, daily, weekly, electric, former(前任的), some, any, little, many, 及one-eyed之类的复合形容词等。如：This is a medical school. (不说三、形容词作定语的后置规律形容词作定语一般位于所修饰的名词前，但是在下列情况下作定语的形容词却要位于所修饰的名词之后：形容词作定语一般位于所修饰的名词前，但是在下列情况下作定语 A形容词短语作定语时要后置。如：_ to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills. A. Brave enough studentsB. Enough brave students C. Students brave enough D. Students enough brave 【分析】答案选C。enough修饰形容词时要位于形容词之后，排除B和修饰形容词时要位于形容词之后，排除D。brave enough to是形容词短语作定语，修饰students，要置于名词students之后。B表语形容词作定语要后置。如：All the people_ at the party were his supporters. A. presentB. thankful C. interestedD. important【分析】答案选A。表语形容词present(出席的、在场的)作定语，要放在所修饰的名词后。C形容词修饰不定代词something, anything, nothing等时，要位于后面。如：Is there anything important in the paper? 报纸上有什么重要新闻吗四、多个形容词作定语的排序多个形容词修饰名词时，其排序规律是：:限定词+程度副词+) 描绘性形容词+表示大小(长短、高低)、形状、年龄(新旧)的形容词+表颜色Roman的形容词+表国籍或产地的形容词+表物质材料的形容词+表类别或用途的形容词+名词。如：1. John Smith, a successful businessman, has a _ car. A. large German whiteB. large white German C. white large GermanD. German large white 【分析】答案选B。按“大小+颜色+产地”的顺序排列。2. _ students are required to take part in the boat race.ont-weight: normalA. Ten strong young ChineseB. Ten Chinese strong young C. Chinese ten young strong D. Young strong ten Chinese【分析】答案选A。数词是限定词，应排在形容词前，排除C和D；又strong是描绘，young是年龄，Chinese是国籍，其先后应为“描绘年龄国籍”。 3. The _ house smells as if it hasnt been lived in for years. A. little white woodenB. little wooden white C. white wooden little【分析】答案选A。little是限定词，应放在形容词前面，排除C和D；表示颜色的应放在表示物质材料的形容词的前面，排除B。注：限定词的排序：前位限定词 (指量限定词all, both, half等；倍数词double, twice等；分数词one-third, two-fifths等) +中位限定词 (冠词；指示代词；形容词性物主代词；名词所有格)+后位限定词 (序数词及last, next等；基数词及few, several等)等。如：1. The husband gave his wife _ every month in order to please her. A. all half his incomeB. his half all incomeC. half his all income D. all his half income【分析】答案选A。all和half都是前位限定词，his是中位限定词，所以his要位于all和half之后，只有A正确。2. How was your recent visit to Qingdao?It was great. We visited some friends, and spent the _ days at the seaside. A. few last sunny B. last few sunny C. last sunny few D. few sunny last【分析】答案选B。last, few是限定词，sunny是描绘性形容词，根据“限定词+形容词”的原则，排除C的原则，排除和D。又根据“序数词(包括last, past, next, another等)+基数词(包括few, several等)”的原则，排除A。 五、副词在句中的位置规律1) 副词修饰形容词或其它副词时，一般位于被修饰词的前面，但enough却要放在被修饰的形容词或副词的后面。如：1. Mum, I think Im _ to get back to school. Not really, my dear. Youd better stay at home for another day or two. A. so well B. so goodC. well enough D. good enough【分析】答案选C。指“身体好”用形容词well (=healthy)而不用good；副词enough修饰形容词时，要位于形容词之后。2. If I had _, Id visit Europe, stopping at the small interesting places. A. a long enough holiday B. an enough long holiday C. a holiday enough long D. a long holiday enough【分析】答案选A。enough要放在形容词long之后。3. _, some famous scientists have the qualities of being both careful and careless. (上海卷)A. Strangely enough B. Enough strangelyC. Strange enough D. Enough strange【分析】答案选A。修饰整个句子，要用副词，排除C和。修饰整个句子，要用副词，排除D；副词enough应放在它所修饰的副词strangely的后面，所以选A。2) 频度副词always, usually, often, never等一般放ONTbe动词之后。如：She always gets up early. 她总是起得早。(副词always放在行为动词gets之前)She is seldom late for school. 他很少上学迟到。(副词seldom放在be动词之后)3) 词表示地点的副词常放在句末；表示确定时间的副词放在句首或句末；表示方式的副词词通常放在“动词(+宾语)”之后，也可放在其它位置；同时有表示时间、地点和方式的副词时，其顺序一般为：方式地点时间。如：_ I went to the railway station to see my friend off. A. After eating quickly my dinner B. After my quickly eating dinnerC. After eating my dinner quickly D. After eating my quickly dinner【分析】答案选C。方式副词一般位于“动词(+宾语)”之后。六、ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别-ed形容词，通常说明人，意为“(某人)感到”；-ing形容词通常说明事物，意为“(某事物)令人”或“令人的(事物)”。这样成对的形容词有：interested / interesting; excited / exciting; frightened / frightening; surprised / surprising; pleased / pleasing; moved / moving; disappointed / disappointing等。1. Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents _. A. worried B. to worriedC. worrying &333300nbsp; D. worry【分析】答案选A。表示人“感到忧虑的”用-ed形容词。句意是：法律使得做父母的感到忧虑。2. It is believed that if a book is _, it will surely _ the reader. A. interested; interest B. interesting; be interestedC. interested; be interested D. interesting; interest【分析】答案选D。指书令人有趣用interesting而不interested，排除A和C。interest是动词，“使有趣”。注：即使-ed形容词用以说明事物，那也是指与该事物相关的人；即使-ing形容词用以说明人，也是指此人具有该性质或特征。如：-ingHe told me the news in an excited voice. 他告诉了那个消息，声音很激动。这个有很有趣。另外，glad, happy, sorry, angry, thankful, proud等的主语也只能是人；而pleasant, easy, difficult, important 等则通常以事物或it作主语，因为它们是说明事物的。如：Im very _ with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious. Mn, it does have a _ smell. A. pleasant; pleasedB. pleased; pleasedC. pleasant; pleasant D. pleased; pleasant【分析】答案选D。pleased指“(人)感到高兴”，pleasant指“令人愉快的(事物)”。) so, neitherso和neither都可用于倒装句， 但so表示肯定，neither表示否定。例如：My brother likes football and so do I.My brother doesnt like dancing and neither do I.3. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级(1) 两个人或事物的比较时（不一定每一方只有一个人或一个事物），用比较级。 Our teacher is taller than we are. The boys in her class are taller than the boys in your class.(2) most 同形容词连用而不用 the,表示 极,很,非常, 十分。 Its most dangerous to be here. 在这儿太危险。 (3) The+形容词比较级., the+形容词比较级.表示 越. 就越.。 The more you study, the more you know. (4) 形容词比较级 + and + 形容词比较级 , 表示 越来越. 。 Its getting hotter and hotter. (5) 主语+谓语(系动词)+as+形容词原形+as+从句。表示两者对比相同。 This box is as big as mine. (6) the + 形容词 表示某种人。 He always helps the poor. (7) 形容词和副词最高级用于三个或三个以上的人和物进行比较。 Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.测试精编I选择正确选项：1. The Chinese food served in American restaurant is not bad but I prefer _. A. Chinese food authentically B. Chinese authentic food C. food Chinese authentically D. authentic Chinese food 2. _ lessons were not difficult. A. Our first few short EnglishB. Our few first