动词应用的做题技巧.doc

动词应用的做题技巧 “动词应用”主要用来测试考生对动词和非谓语动词形式的掌握情况。它不仅仅考查谓语动词的正确时态，还包括动词不定式、动词-ing和分词等形式，而且还涉及到主动语态和被动语态及主谓一致等知识。因此，掌握好动词的各种形式及其用法是做此类题的关键。那么，怎样才能做好此类题呢？我们可以从以下几方面着手：1、从时间状语或上下文判断时态。2、从主语与动词的关系判断语态。3、分析句子结构，确定所给动词是充当谓语动词还是非谓语动词。4、快速识别些固定搭配的用法。解题技巧选用动词的适当形式填空主要是测试动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词的用法和其他方面的掌握程度。谓语动词有时态、语态的区别；非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)。因此，做此类试题首先要判断是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，然后确定其正确形式。下面按四个方面将如何确定动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词等形式的方法分述如下：1.确定时态的方法A)从句中所含的时间状语来判断：一般现在时常用的时间状语有：sometimes，often, always，usually，every Tuesday，in the morning等等。一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用：last year，yesterday，ago，last Monday morning，just now等等。 一般将来时常有表示将来含义的时间状语：tomorrow，next week，this evening等等现在进行时常与now连用，或用look，listen，its 7 oclock创设现在进行时的语言环境。过去进行时常与表示“具体的过去时间”连用。如： at eight last night，at that time，this time yesterday等。现在完成时常用的时间状语有：already，just，ever，never，yet以及sincefor引导的时间状语。过去完成时常与表示“与过去时间比较已经完成”，含有“过去的过去”之意的时间连用。如：by the end of last year，by l990, when he got there等。过去将来时，常出现在主句为一般过去时的宾语从句里，且常与表示“过去将来”的时间状语连用。如：the next weekmonth等B)根据上下文联系和时态呼应来判断时态。如；Listen! Who is singing?在复合句中，可根据从句的时态判断主句的时态。如：He has been to many places since he came to China也可根据主句的时态决定从句的时态。如宾语从句中若主句是一般过去时，宾语从句一般要用过去某种时态。如：Bill asked if they could(can)come当主句为一般将来时，从句为if，when，as soon as，until等引导的状语从句时，从句常用一般现在时表示将来。如： If you dont hurry，youll miss the trainC)根据习惯表达来判断时态。如：表示客观真理的句子常用一般现在时。如：He said the earth goes round the sun 2.确定语态的方法当句子主语是动作的承受者，含有“被动”之意时，要用被动语态。被动语态的谓语由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。be要随着时态和主语的人称和数而变化。中考所涉及的被动语态只有一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和情态动词的被动语态，只要熟练掌握，一般没有什么困难。3.确定非谓语动词的用法 对于动词不定式，主要掌握其几种基本用法。对动名词和分词只要掌握教材中所出现的常用句型搭配。并把这些动词分清、记牢，同时要注意在用中学。跟动词不定式作宾语的动词有：want，try，forget，hope，decide，choose，agree等。跟动名词作宾语的动词有：keep，go，like，finish，enjoy，hate等。动词stop，remember，forget等动词既可接不定式也可跟动名词作宾语，意义不同。如：He stopped talking He was so tired that he stopped to have a rest动词let，see，hear，make，feel等后面的宾补在主动语态中常用不带to的不定式作宾补，但改被动语态时，则要带to。如： They made him work 10 hours a day He was made to work 10 hours a day. 4其他方面包括习惯用法、句型、短语等有关动词基本形式的测试。如一些常见句型：It takes sb. some time to do sthtoo to do sth.等。介词后面应用动词ing形式。系动词、实义动词在情态动词、助动词后面及在祈使句里用原形。此处，还应注意一些常见的短语。如：well done，had better do sth等。这些方面的知识主要靠平时积累，并且多做有关练习，加以巩固记忆，在用中学，才能熟练掌握。济宁市近年来中考动词应用分析2009中考“Tom? Are you in bed yet?” called Mrs. Green. There 1 (be) no answer. Mrs. Green put down her book and 2 (go) to her 14-year-old sons room. Tom 3 (sit) in front of a bright computer screen, playing computer games.（据句义和本段的整体时态）“Oh, Tom. How long 4 you 4 (play) on that computer? You must stop now, its half past eleven. If you dont go to bed soon, you 5 (be) very tired tomorrow,” said Mrs. Green.（直接引语；条件句） “But Ive nearly won the game,” said Tom to Mrs. Green. She 6 (see) the excitement on his sons face. （据句义加情态动词） “You 7 always 7 (play) on the computer. You have spent more time on this machine than on your homework.” （always用于现在进行时含抱怨的意思）Today many children use computers to play games, 8 (watch) videos, instead of studying. The result is that they 9 (not, want) to study. （上下文判断和本段的整体时态）In some other countries, computers cause millions of people to lose their jobs or cause them a lot of trouble. Scientists say something 10 (do) to solve the problem.（据本段的整体时态和主语是事物）1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 2010中考AMartin Robinson is a famous doctor. He (have) a lot of experience dealing with teenagers. His new book, What Would You Do If? 2 (come) out last month. It gives advice on what 3 (do) in lots of different situations. （注意时间状语的变化；非谓语动词的应用）B Have you ever heard of Backstreet Boysone of the best groups on the music scene? Now, they 4 (give) a concert in our city! When one of them, Nick Carter 5 ( interview) by the local newspaper, he said, “In the last six months, we 6 (have) many concerts and made a hit CD. And we 7 (appear) on CCTV next month.” Be sure not to miss them if they come to your city or a city near youif you can get tickets, that is.（注意时间状语的变化和语态）1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 2011中考Do you still remember Old Henry? Last Sunday, he 1 (go) for a walk with Wang Wang, his cute dog. It was a nice day. Old Henry sat down and watched Wang Wang 2 (play) with a friendly black cat. Then it was time to go home. Old Henry looked for his dog. But Wang Wang 3 (be) not there! Now Old Henry is very sad. He 4 (miss) his dog and doesnt want to do anything. （注意时间状语的变化；重点词汇的用法；连词的应用） B My pen pal Peter came to Beijing 3 months ago. These days he 5 (learn) Chinese ina language school. He likes travelling. And he 6 already 6 (visit) many great places of interest in our country. Next month, he 7 (fly) to Harbin for the summer vacation. I am sure he will have a good time there.（注意时间状语的变化和一些时态的标志性词汇）1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 2012中考【2012山东济宁】 阅读下面短文，用括号内的所给的动词的适当形式填空，必要时可加助动词或情态动词。A Middle school life is coming to an end. Different students have different memories(记忆). Lets take a look at two of the unforgettable memories. Li Xiaohui, 15* My most unforgettable experience was the running for the PE test. When I 1 (run), I was too tired to go on. all my classmates came up to me and cheered me up. their encouragement helped me finish the run! I 2 never 2 (forget) it!（注意本段的整体时态；上下文及句义） Gao Mingyi, 16 The most important one to me was my English teacher. Last year, when she 3 (know) I had given up an English-speaking contest, she told me, “any opportunity is important and you dont know the result until you 4 (finish) it. Dont give up easily.” Later on, I made my good use of every opportunity I had and achieved good results.（注意时间状语及直接引语）A【主旨大意】本文讲述了两位学生初中生活最难忘的事情。 B Whos the boy in the photo? Yes, he is Liu Wei, an armless pianist. 中%&国#教育出版网 Liu lost both arms in an accident at the age of 10, but he never gave up his dream of becoming a pianist. He couldnt find a teacher 5 (teach) him to play the piano with his feet. So he learned it by himself. He kept practicing for 7 hours every day. Three years later, he became the champion of Chinas Got Talent. And he 6 (choose) as one of the “Top Ten People Who Touched China in 2011.” He often 7 (say) “For people like me, there are only two choice: one is to give up all dream, which will lead to a quick, hopeless death. The other is to struggle without arms to live an outstanding life.” What can you learn from Liu Wei?（注意非谓语动词的应用；时间状语；连词；一些时态标志性的词汇） 1._ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 5. _ 6. _ 7. _B 【主旨大意】本文是记叙文。主要讲述了残疾人刘伟的成功事迹。虽然他没有双臂，但是身残志坚，成为了一位成功的钢琴家。在2011年被选为“感动中国10大杰出人物之一”。动词应用练习AHow can we practice our 1 (speak) English? The first and the most important thing is 2 (believe)yourself. You should always be full of confidence or you 3 (never be) able to improve your EnglishYou should often encourage yourself“Come on, 4 (not be) afraid!” You should never lose heart and never give upMaybe you are afraid of 5 (lose) face, but you should think since we are students and were 1earning, theres no need 6 (worry) about anything. You must always be active in practice. Theres no problem that your pronunciation and intonation(语调)can be as good as the native people because we are Chinese, and we dont have chances7 (live) in foreign countries and talk with the people there for some time. But you must know that the main way 8 (study) English is to make ourselves understood and understand other people. You should believe that native speakers 9 (not laugh) at you. Instead, they will encourage youSo if you are brave enough youll certainly make a rapid progress in your spoken English. Dont be shy or afraid! Just 10 (have) a try.B My name is Wang Bing. Im from China. Now I _1_ (study) at this school. I _2_ (arrive) here on January 8. Since then, I _3_ (make) a lot of friends. At school we speak English all the time. Next week, some new students from Africa, Asia and Latin America _4_ (come) to our school. Im very glad to know this because I enjoy _5_ (meet) people from other countries. Since 1946, one of the most important inventions has been the computer. It has been changing all our lives.C The first computer _1_ (build) in 1946. It _2_ (be) as large as a room and very difficult and slow _3_ (use). But since the invention of silicon “chip”（硅片），computers _4_ (become) smaller, easier and faster to operate. Some computers _5_ (be) as small as TV sets. Some can even _6_ (make) smaller than a book. And computers _7_ (get) smaller and smaller all the time. Who knows what the computers of tomorrow _8_ (be) like? There _9_ (be) several reasons why the computer is useful to us. First, a lot of information can _10_ (put) into computer. Second, the computer works very quickly-thousands of times faster than a man and it will not be tired. Third, modern computers can be built into other kinds of machines, like radios, cars and planes. So today people can spend less time doing more work with a computer.A sudden ringing woke Peter up. He turned on the light, got up and went to answer the phone.D “ 1 you still _ (lie) on the bed?” Came Henrys voice. “Yes,” said Peter. “But its only four.” “ 2 your watch _ (not work)? Open the window and look outside. I 3 (arrive) at the bus stop already.” Peter did as his friend said. It 4 (snow) heavily and it was white everywhere. Skiing was both Peters favorite hobby and mine, too. I ran to the telephone and said, “Wait for me there and I 5 (get) there in a quarter of an hour.” After half an hour Peter and his friends were on the bus. It was cold and the roads 6 (cover) with snow. The old driver seemed to be careful. He drove slowly and all the passengers 7 (understand) why he did so. Suddenly a woman in the front of the bus called out. People 8 (not know) what happened and they looked ahead. A truck quickly approached our bus. We were too 9 (frighten) to say a word. At the last moment the driver turned the bus aside and it hit a tree by the road. The truck passed by quickly and fell into the river. Luckily, none of the passengers 10 (hurt). But they were not happy. They had to save the truck driver!1Over the years, we (see) musical groups with pretty strange names (come) and go. Few have stranger names than this band. As the name (suggest), the band has lots of energy. And they play the kind of music that I love to hear. Every song is really loud and often you (not understand) the words, but this is okay because the lyrics arent very good. However, these are musicians who make us happy-even on a Monday morning!2For your next vacation why not consider (visit) Paris? Paris is the capital of France, and is one of the liveliest cities in Europe. It doesnt have any beaches or mountains, but there are still many things (do) there. For example, it has some fantastic sights, including the Eiffel Tower and Notre Dame Cathedral, one of the most famous churches in the world.Traveling around Paris by taxi can cost a lot of money, but its usually quite convenient (take) the underground train to most places. In general, though France is quite an expensive place. One thing that is not expensive in France, however, is the wine!Most people in France (learn) English. But many people dont like to speak English, especially in Paris. So unless you speak French yourself, its best (travel) with someone who can translate things for you.3“Not only do I feel good about (help) other people, but I get to spend time (do) what I love to do.” Pei says he has learned more about animals. Ming says he (meet) some wonderful people at the hospital. The three students plan (set) up a student volunteer project at their school. “Dont put it off,” says Huiping. “ (become) a volunteer today!”4Last week everyone (try) to cheer up Jimmy, the Bike Boy. But this week, Jimmy is happy again. On Monday he told a radio interviewer that he (run) out of money to buy old bikes. He also (put) up some signs asking for old bikes and called up all his friends and told them about the problem. He even handed out advertisements at a local supermarket. Then he told the teachers at school about his problem and they (set) up a call-in center for parents. The strategies that he came up with worked out fine. He now has sixteen bikes to fix up and (give) away to children who dont have bikes.5Did you know that tea, the most popular drink in the world (after water), (invent) by accident? Although tea wasnt brought to the Western world until 1610, this beverage (discover) over three thousand years before that. According to an ancient Chinese legend the emperor Shen Nong discovered tea when he (boil) drinking water over an open fire. Some leaves from a nearby bush (fall) into the water and remained there for some time. The emperor noticed that the leaves in the water (produce) a pleasant smell. Later he decided to taste the hot mixture. It was quite delicious. And in this way, one of the worlds favorite drinks was invented.6Ive never been late for school, but yesterday I came very close. My alarm clock didnt go off, and by the time I (wake) up, my father had already gone into the bathroom and I had to wait for him (come) out. I had to really rush. I took a quick shower, and had some breakfast, and then (run) off to the bus stop. Unfortunately, by the time I got there, the bus had already left. I started (walk), but I knew I (get) to school on time. Luckily, my friend Tony and his dad (come) by in his dads car and they gave me a ride. When I got to school, the final bell (ring). I only just made it to my class.7One April Fools Day, a reporter in England announced that there (be) no more spaghetti because the spaghetti farmers in Italy had stopped (grow) spaghetti. Many people ran to there local supermarket (buy) as much spaghetti as they could. By the time people realized that the story was a hoax, all of the spaghetti across the country (sell) out. 8LAURA: Actually, dont you know that it (find) in laboratory testing that some types of oil are really bad for us? So I dont eat anything that (cook) in oil. Also, did you know that some foods (cause) cancer? Like burnt barbecued meat. Ive heard eating burnt food like this (increase) the risk of cancer. PETER: Really! But I love to eat meat thats well cooked, even if it is a little burnt. Its delicious, and meat isnt really dangerous, is it? 9Basketball (invent) by a Canadian doctor named James Naismith, who was born in 1861. When he was at college, his class was once asked to invent a new game that ( play) indoors during the long winters. Dr Naismith (create) a game to be played on a hard wooden floor, so the safety of the players was important. (knock) into players and falling down would be dangerous. Dr Naismith divided the men in his class into two teams and (teach) them how to play his new game. The aim of basketball is for players to get a ball into the basket： a net hanging from a metal hoop. Players shoot from below the basket and (use) the backboard for guiding the ball into the basket. Players move towards one end of the court while (throw) the ball to each other. 初三英语被动语态专练一、选择题1. It_ that China has sent up another man-made satellite successfully. A. was report B. is reported C. reported D. is reporting2. _is known about the traffic accident, for it is still kept _a secret. A. Nothing, for B. Little, as C. A little, at D. Few, on3. May I use your car? Mine _for a long time. A. has broken B. has break down C. has been broken D. is broken4. One more bridge _the Changjiang River in a few years time. A. will be built on B. will built above C. will be built across D. will be built over 5. The sign “NO PHOTOS” is often seen _. A. on a boxB. at a museum C. in a street D. at a station6. Older people must _well. A. look after B. take care of C. looked for D. be taken care of 7. Look! How big the eggs_ by the hen are! A. laid B. was laying C. lays D. were laid8. Do you know when the PLA _? A. foundB. was found C. was founded D. founded9. Driving fast _ him his life. What a serious lesson it is! A. paid B. costC. spend D. took10. The little boy was made by all of us _happily. A. laughed B. laughC. to laughD. laughing11. The apple trees_, and the apples on it _. A. grow well, look good B. are grown well, looks well C. are grown good , looked well D. grows well, are looked good12