山东省青岛市2014高考英语阅读理解、完形填空及阅读类训练.docVIP

青岛市2014高考英语阅读理解、完形填空及阅读类训练（11）（答案及解析）阅读理解Words：420难度系数：建议用时：7分钟The discovery of an ancient giant panda skull has confirmed its bamboo diet dates back more than 2 million years and may have played a key part in its survival.A ChineseUS research team reports its results today following studies on a fossil skull found in South Chinas Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in 2001.The six fossils unearthed in Jinyin Cave are dated between 2.4 and 2 million years ago，according to the report in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences，an influential US journal.Jin Changzhu，of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)and lead author of the paper，said the smaller fossil skull indicates the giant pandas were about a third smaller than todays pandas.Researchers knew the panda reached its maximum size about 500,000 years ago，when it peaked，and then gradually became smaller.Jin，a paleontologist(古生物学者)at the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology(古人类学)attached to the CAS，said the size variation was a basic rule of evolution.“A species tends to grow bigger when it reaches the peak of its population，but becomes smaller when numbers decline，”he said.The dental remains of the skull，which is the oldest giant panda skull ever found，are similar to todays pandas，indicating the type of teeth that could munch(用力嚼)mountains of bamboo.A panda can eat up to 40 kg of bamboo per day.Paleoanthropologist Russell Ciochon，the US coauthor at the University of Iowa，said the pandas focus on bamboo could have helped it survive all these years.“Once an animal begins to rely on a common and stable food source，such as bamboo，it tends to evolve a larger body size，”he said.“As individuals of the evolving species grow bigger，they have a better chance not to be eaten by predators(肉食动物) due to their larger body size.”【解题导语】2001年在广西壮族自治区出土的一个大熊猫头骨化石证明，大熊猫在两百多万年前已经以竹子为主食，而且当时的大熊猫比如今的大熊猫小三分之一。本文介绍了这一考古发现的相关细节。1According to the research of the CAS，there were most pandas in the world_.A2 million years agoBbetween 2.4 and 2 million years agoC500,000 years agoDnowadays解析：选C。考查推理判断。第五段说，大约50万年前，大熊猫的个头发展到了顶峰；第七段说，一个物种到达其数量顶峰的时候，其个头往往变大，随着其数量的减少，个头也变小了。从这两处信息判断，在约50万年前，大熊猫数量最多。2The underlined word “variation” in Para.6 means _.AfallBchangeCincrease Ddecrease解析：选B。考查猜测词义。第五段说到大熊猫个头的大小变化，再结合画线词前面的size判断，其含义应该是B“变化”，即其个头的大小变化是进化的基本规则。3From the passage，we can learn that_.Apandas began to eat bamboo 2 million years agoBa species tends to grow smaller when numbers declineCthe giant pandas were about a third the size of todays pandasDpandas teeth has played an important role in their development解析：选B。文章第七段说，一个物种到达其数量顶峰时，其个头往往变大，而随着数量的减少，其个头也慢慢变小，由此判断B项陈述正确。文章开头说大熊猫吃竹子的历史可追溯到两百多万年前，故A项表述错误；从第四段可知C项错误，当时大熊猫的个头不是现在大熊猫的三分之一；文章没有谈到大熊猫的牙齿对其发展的重要作用，C项排除。4The passage mainly tells us that_.Apandas are endangeredBpandas had a long historyCpandas had bamboo to beat predatorsDtodays pandas are similar to the oldest ones解析：选C。考查主旨大意。这是一篇研究发现，本文的开头即为文章的中心，正是因为有竹子作为固定的食物来源，大熊猫的个头才长得很大，使之免于落入肉食动物之口。故C项为本文主旨。*结束 命题点1 记叙文本类考题解答锦囊 记叙文是高考完形填空的主打题材。分析高考完型填空中的记叙文，我们可以看出命题者在选题时煞费苦心的。记叙类型填空一般有这么几种情况： 1情节曲折，信息量大，结尾往往出乎意料。这样的记叙文往往情节前后有较大的曲折变化，最后才出现结果，这个结果有时出乎人们的意料。作者在叙述的过程中往往还会把人物的语言、行为、心理的描写融入到叙述中，增加了大家理解文章的难度。必须理清上下文的脉络，对人物的语言、行为、心理等做出合理的想像和推理，并仔细揣摩作者的用意，才能透彻地理解文章、才能对具体的语境理解到位。2蕴含哲理，耐人寻味。有些叙述性完形填空往往在平淡的叙述中蕴含着深刻的生活哲理，因此考生不仅要理解文章的字面意思，更重要的是要挖掘文章的内涵和哲理，这样才能透彻地理解文章，做好完形填空。 高考最新热门题1.(典型例题) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从120各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。 It was the night before the composition was due. As Ilooked at the list of topics(题目) ,The Art of Eating Spaghetti (意大利面条) caught my eye. The word spaghetti brought back the 1 of an evening at Uncle Allensin Belleville 2 all of us were seated around the table and Aunt Pat 3 spaghetti for supper. Spaghetti was an exotic (外来的)treat in 4 days. Never had I eaten spaghetti,and 5 of the grown-pus had enough experience to be 6 it . What laughing 7 we had about the 8 respectable method for moving spaghetti from plate to mouth. 9 , I wanted to write about that , but I wanted to 10 it down simply for my own 11 , not for Mr. Fleagle, my composition teacher. 12 , I would write something else. When I finished it the night was half gone and there was no 13 left to write a proper composition for Mr. Fleagle. There was no choice next morning but to 14 my work. Two days passed before Mr. Fleagle returned the 15 papers. He said,Now ,class, I want to read you a composition, The Art of Eating Spaghetti My words! He was reading my words out 16 to the whole class. 17 laughed, then the whole class was laughing with open-hearted enjoyment. I did my best not to show 18 ,but what I was feeling was pure happiness, 19 m words had the power to make people 20 .1. A. memory B. thought C. knowledge D. experience 2. A. when B. where C. since D. after 3. A. cooked B. served C. got D. made 4. A. their B. past C. last D. those 5. A. none B. one C. some D. neither 6. A. careful about B. good at C. fond of D. interested in 7. A. speeches B. lessons C. sayings D. arguments 8. A. nearly B. naturally C. officially D. socially 9. A. Especially B. Probably C. Suddenly D. Fortunately 10. A. settle B. put C. take D. let 11. A. work B. story C. luck D. joy 12. A. However B. ThereforeC. As for him D. Except for that 13. A. time B. excuse C. way D. idea 14. A. give up B. continue C. hand in D. delay 15. A. written B. graded C. collected D. signed 16. A. loud B. fast C. publicly D. calmly 17. A. People B. Nobody C. Somebody D. I18A.shock B.wonder C worry n pleasure 19A.if B、a for C while nalthough 20A.excited B、asatisfied Cthink nlaugh命题目的与解题：本文是记叙文题材，主要考查学生对文章的整体理解。文章讲叙了作者在完成老师布置的一篇作文时，突出奇想写了一篇关于全家吃意大利面条的一段有趣经历，结果得到了老师的赞扬，而且给全班同学带来了欢乐。作此类文章的关键是理清文章脉络，此文的脉络基本是“吃意大利面条一作者回忆第一次吃意大利面条的有趣经历一挥手就写作文，交给老师老师当堂读了他的作文，给全班同学带来了欢乐。”抓住文章脉络，依次推进，是这类完形填空的关键。1A 解析：memory记忆”。根据短文内容可判断出这是作者对过去发生的事的回忆。thought思想；knowledge知识sex perience经历。 2A 解析：when引导定语从句表示“在那天晚上”。根据主 句从句的时态可排除选项C和D. 3B 解析：serve后接表示饭菜的名词的意思是“供应，上， 进”。根据上文中的around the table可判断出故事发生在饭桌旁，Auntpat正在上意大利面条(spaghetti)。 4D 解析：in those days当时”，指作者在Uncle Allen家做客时。 5A 解析：上文Spaghettiwasanexotictreatinthosedays告诉我们，因为是外来的做法，所以大人们也没有经验。 6B解析；begoodat擅长于”，tO begood“作experience的定语，表示对吃意大利面条的经验。 7D 解析：argument争论”，因为没有吃意大利面条的经验,每一个人的观点不同。 8D解析：socially在社交方面的”，根据国外的风俗，大家共同进餐被认为是种社交活动。所以，如何有礼貌地把面条从盘子里吃到嘴里就成了争论的焦点。 9C解析：suddenly突然地”。作者对这件事感到有趣，所以突然冒出把这件事写下来的想法。 10B解析：putdown写下”。 11D 解析：joy高兴的事”。作者写这件事的目的不是完成老师布置的作业，而是认为它很有趣。 12C 解析：asfor“讲到，至于，在方面”，至于给我的作文老师，我要写一些其他的东西。 13A解析：根据when I finished it the night was half gone可判断出由于写完讲述在Uncle Allen家发生的事的短文后已经到了深夜，作者没有时间再写作文老师布置的题目。 14C解析：handin交(作业等)”，学生要交老师布置的作业。 15B解析：grade评阅(作业、试卷等)”，过去分词graded作papers的定语，表示“批阅过的作业”。 16. A 解析：read10ud朗读”。老师在课堂上朗读了作者写的短文。 17.C 解析：根据下文the whole class was laughing with openhearted enjoyment可判断出同学们听了老师朗读的短文后，开始有一些同学笑了起来，接着全班同学开心地笑了起来。 18D 解析：pleasure愉快，乐事”。根据下文中的what I was feeling was pure happiness可判断出作者当时内心充满了愉悦，但是在同学面前他尽力掩饰这种情绪。 19B 解析：for表示原因，说明自己高兴的原因。 20D 解析：根据上文的内容可判断出作者为自己的作文具有使人们大笑的威力而感到高兴。*结束第二部分 阅读理解 阅读下列短文，选出最佳选项。（共20小题。每题2分；满分40分）AThere are fifty states in the United States. The largest in population is California. The largest in area is Alaska. Alaska is the smallest in population and Rhode Island is the smallest in size. The oldest states are the ones along the Atlantic coast. The newest states are Alaska and Hawaii. Alaska is also the coldest state. California and Florida are the warmer. Henry and his family live in Seattle, a big city, on the Pacific coast. But Los Angeles and San Francisco, also on the Pacific coast, are larger than Seattle. Henrys cousin, Susan, lives in New York. It is the largest city in the United States. Thousands of people visit New York each year. The most important city in the United States is Washington, D. C. It is the capital, but it is much smaller than New York.46. How many states are there in the U. S. A.?A. Five B. Forty- Five. C. Fifty D. Fifteen.47. Which state is the largest in population?A. California B. Rhode-Island. C. Alaska D. Los Angeles.48. Which state is the coldest, the newest, and the smallest in population?A. Rhode Island. B. Seattle. C. San Francisco. D. Alaska.49. Which of the following is true?A. The oldest states are the ones along the Pacific coast.B. Washington is the most important and the largest city.C. New York is the largest city in the United States.D. Henrys cousin lives in the Seattle.*结束 Waste can be seen everywhere in the school. Some students ask for more food than they can eat and others often forget to turn off the lights when they leave the classroom. They say they can afford these things. But I dont agree with them. Waste can bring a lot of problems. Although China is rich in some resources（资源）, we are short of others, for example, fresh water. It is reported that we will have no coal or oil to use in 100 years. So if we go on wasting our resources, what can we use in the future and where can we move? Think about it. I think we should say no to the students who waste things every day. Everybody should stop wasting as soon as possible. In our everyday life, we can do many things to prevent waste from happening, for example, turn off the water taps when we finish washing, turn off the lights when we leave the classroom, try not to order more food than we need, and so on. Little by little, everything will be changed. Waste can be stopped one day, if we do our best. 50. From the passage we know that some students often _ in the school. A. eat too much B. dont work hard C. waste things D. throw rubbish everywhere 51. Which is not mentioned in this passage？ A. Fresh water B. Forest. C. Oil. D. Coal. 52. What may happen in 100 years？ A. We may still have enough oil. B. We may still have enough coal. C. We may have a little oil. D. We may have no coal or oil to use. 53. Which is the best title of this passage？ A. Stop Wasting B. School life C. Waste in the School D. Rich Resources in China *结束(4)One hot night last August, I tried everything I could think of a warm bottle, songs etc. to make him fall into sleep, but he just couldnt do it. Since I believed that a long night was waiting for me ahead, I had no choice but to bring a TV into his room to kill off the hours until dawn. I was surprised that the moment I turned on the TV the baby became quiet right away and fixed his little eyes brightly on the screen. Not willing to waste an opportunity for sleep, I then tiptoed out of the room, leaving him to watch the boring TV programs. I heard no more of the babys crying that night and the next morning when I went into his room, I found him still watching TV by himself. I found there was a metaphor(暗喻) in my babys behavior(行为) for the new generation. When I gave my boy some books to go over, he only spit upon them; when I read to him, he did not feel comfortable. And so it is in the schools with my students. I find that our students dont read and they look down upon reading and make light of those of us who teach it. All they want to do is watch TV. After this experience with the baby, however, I have drawn a conclusion: “Let them watch it!” If television is that much more attractive to children than books, why should we fight against it? Let them watch what they want！ 1. Why did the father bring a TV set into his sons room? A. To enjoy some interesting programs together with his son. B. To help himself pass the long hours ahead of him. C. To help his son fall asleep sooner. D. To keep his son from making noises. 2. The baby seemed to be _ at the sight of the TV set. A. excited B. surprised C. bored D. pleased 3. This experience with his baby helped the father _.A. to know his baby better B. to know better how to educate his students C. to change his opinions towards TV D. to know better about the new generation 【答案与解析】本文记述了通过孩子看电视一事，作者反思了对孩子们的教育问题。1. B。细节题。根据文章第1段第2句to bring a TV into his room to kill off the hours可推知此题答案为B。2. A。推断题。根据文章第1段倒数第2句fixed his little eyes brightly on the screen及第2段第1句I found him still watching TV by himself可推知此题答案为A。3. D。推断题。根据文章第2段第2句I found there was a metaphor(暗喻) in my babys behavior(行为) for the new generation可推知此题答案为D。*结束 (3)There is one type of illness in the world that affects more people than anything else and is very deadly. If untreated this illness could affect everything you do. What is this illness? Depression. Serious depression requires professional treatment. Self-induced depression is something each of us can change. Everyones circumstances are different, but the causes of self-induced depression are common: low self-esteem, hurtful thinking and a bad attitude. So how can we change the way we think, feel, and cultivate a cheerful attitude? First we must look at ourselves, truly and honestly examining our motives for what we wish to achieve. If you are dissatisfied because you feel you havent or cant do anything, then one step is needed - to set goals.Always start your goals relatively small and easy to attain. Think of them as sand; one grain may be insignificant but as a group they form the beach. Once you have set and attained small goals for yourself, move on to slightly larger, more challenging goals. It takes more than just setting goals to be happy. It takes positive thinking. How can we attain this? There are a number of factors that can make us think negatively and one of those is diet. In my opinion, a person who eats a lot of take out and fast food is feeding their body junk. Start by eating better foods which give the body much NEEDED minerals. If your physical body is happy, its much easier for your mental body or thinking ability to be happy. Next, exercise. A half-hour a day is recommended for positive well being. Then think about good memories you had, or generally think of things that make you smile. Remember, everything you wear costs money but to wear a smile is free. A smile can be