形容词、副词的比较级、最高级讲解及练习.doc

形容词、副词比较级和最高级1、 变化形式1.规则变化：1) 加er, est:great, small, clean, fast, longThe bus runs fast.The car runs faster than the bus.The racing car runs fastest of the three.2) 以e结尾的直接加r: late, fine, nice, wide, largeTom goes to school late.-Jim goes to school later than Jim.-Kate goes to school latest in her class.3) 辅音字母加y结尾的, 把y变i加er, est: busy, easy, funny, heavyMr monkey is busy-Mr duck is busier than Mr monkey.-Mr cat is the busiest of all the animals.4) 元音加辅音结尾的，双写辅音字母加er, est: sad, hot, big, red, fat, thinLily is sad-Lucy is sadder than lily.-Kate is the saddest in the family.5) 其他多音节词在前面加more,the most: beautiful, careful, difficult, delicious, tired, pleasedWhich is the most important invention?I think TV is important,I think fridge is more important than TV.-I think computer is the most important invention.6) 有些形容词没有比较级:right, wrong, favourite7) 比较级用much, a little修饰，最高级用of, in2. 不规则变化：Good-better-best;bad-worse-worst;much/many-more-most;little-less-least;old-older/elder;farAs.as/not so .as/not as.asThis building looks not so (as) high as that oneMsSun speaks English as fluently as youThis room is three times as large as that one.二、比较级的用法1. 双方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级十 than”的结构表示例如： This pen is better than that one.2. 表示一方不及另一方时，用“ less十原级十 than”的结构表示例如： This room is less beautiful than that one3. 表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较前加表示程度的状语，如：even，a lot，a bit，a little，still，much，far，yet，by far等修饰例如： He works even harder than before注意：英语的比较级前如无 even，still，或 yet等时，译成汉语时可用“较”或“一些”或不译出，一般不可用“更”，如： She is better than she was yesterday她比昨天好些了 Please come earlier tomorrow 请明天早点来注意：by far通常用于强调最高级用于比较级时，一般放在比较级的后面，如在前面，应在二者中间加“ the”如 He is taller by far than his brother. He is by far the taller of the two brothers.4. 表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“ the 十比较级(主语十谓语)，the 十比较级(主语十谓语)”的结构例如：The harder he works，the happier he feels5. 不与其它事物相比,表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级十 and十比较级”的结构例如： The weather is getting warmer and warmer. The girl becomes more and more beautiful6. 某些以or结尾的形容词进行比较时，用 to代替 than(这些词有inferior，superior，junior，senior，prior等例如： He is superior to Mr Wang in mathematics7. 在比较从句中为了避免重复，我们通常用 that(those)，one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。 that指物，one既可指人，也可指物that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，而one只能代替可数名词.例如： The book on the table is more interesting than that on the desk. A box made of iron is stronger than one made of wood8. 表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型：A) A is three(four，ete) times the size(height，length，width，ete) of B例如； The new building is four times the size( the height) of the old one这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(四倍高)。(这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍高三倍)B) A is three(four，etc) times as big(high，long，wide，etc) as B例如： Asia is four times as lareg as Europe，亚洲是欧洲的四倍大(亚洲比欧洲大三倍)C) A is three(four，etc) times bigger ( higher，longer，wider，etc) than B 例如：Your school is three times bigger than ours， 你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍(你们的学校是我们学校的四倍大) 用 times表示倍数，一般只限于表示包括基数在内三倍或三倍以上的数表示两倍可以用 twice或 double三、最高级的用法1. 三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“ the十最高级”的结构表示这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语例如： Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three He works (the) hardest in his class.2. 最高级可被序数词以及 much，by far，nearly，almost，by no means，not quite，not really，nothing like等词语所修饰. 例如： This hat is by farmuchnearlyalmostnot nearlyby no means/not quitenothing like the biggest How much did the second most expensive hat coat?3. 表示“最高程度”的形容词，如 excellent，extreme，perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级4. 形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时，被修饰的词往往省略 He is the tallest(boy) in his class5. 作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词例如 0f all the boys he came(the) earliest比较级、最高级练习一、写出以下各形容词的比较级和最高级：1. nice _ 2. fat _3. slow _ 4. dry _5. happy _ 6. wet _7. much _ 8. ill _9. little _ 10. bad _11. thin _ 12. far _13. early _ 14. careful_ 15. exciting _ 16. busy _二、根据句意，用所括号内所级形容词的比较等级形式填空：1. Bob is _ ( young ) than Fred but _ (tall) than Fred. 2. Yingtian is not as _ (tall) as Yongxian. 3. Almost all the students faces are the same but Li Deming looks _(fat) than before . 4.Which is _ (heavy), a hen or a chicken? 5.- How _ (tall) is Sally? - She s 1.55 metres _ (tall). What about Xiaoling? - She s only 1.40 metres _(tall). She is much _(short) than Sally. She is also the _ (short) girl in the class. 6. He is _ (bad) at learning maths. He is much _ (bad) at Chinese and he is the _ (bad) at English. 7. Annie says Sally is the _ (kind) person in the world. 8.He is one of the_ _(friendly) people in the class, I think. 9. A dictionary is much (expensive) than a story-book.10. An orange ia a little _ (big) than an apple, but much _ (small) than a watermelon.11. The Changjiang River is the _ (long) river in China.12. Sue is a little _ _ (beautiful) than her sister.13.My room is not as _ (big) as my brother s.14.-How difficult is physics? -I m not sure. - Is it _ (difficult) than maths? - I don t think so.15.- Annie plays the piano very _ (well). - Sue plays it _ (well) than Annie. And Sally plays it the _(well).16. Saturday is my _ (busy) day in a week.17. Her mother is getting _(fat) and _ (fat).18. I think it s too expensive. I d like a _ (cheap) one.19. He comes to school much _ (early) than I. 20.This book is not as _ (interesting) as that one. 21. Your classroom is _(wide) and _(bright) than ours. 22. Practise as _ (much) as you can. 23. The _ (much), the _ (good). 24. Nowadays(现在) English is _ ( important ) than any other subject. 25. Most of the students think a lion is much _ _(dangerous) than a bear and it is the _ _ (dangerous) animal in the world.26. Mr. Smith is _ man in this office. (rich)27. Winter is _ season of the years. (cold)28.This radio is not so _ as that one. (cheap)29. It is much _ today than yesterday. (hot)30. She is a little _ _ than her classmates. (careful)31. _ people came to the meeting than last time. (many)32. Which book is _, this one or that one? (easy)33. My room is _ than yours. (small)34. Hainan is _ from Beijing than Hunan. (far)35. Skating is _ _ than swimming. (exciting)36. Jim is _ _ than all the others. (honest)37. Things are getting _ and _. (bad)38. The higher you climb, the _it will be. (cold)39. Now his life is becoming_ and _ _. (difficult)40. There are _ boys than girls in our class. (few) 练习一、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级 old_ young_ tall_ long_ short_ strong_ big_ small_ fat_ thin_ heavy_ light_ nice_ good_ beautiful_ low_ high_ slow_ fast_ late_ early_ far_ well_二、根据句意填入单词的正确形式：1. My brother is two years _(old)than me.2. Tom is as _(fat) as Jim.3. Is your sister _(young) than you? Yes,she is.4. Who is _(thin),you or Helen? Helen is.5. Whose pencil-box is _(big),yours or hers? Hers is.6. Marys hair is as _(long) as Lucys.7.Ben _ (jump) _ (high) than some of the boys in his class.8._ Nancy sing _ (well) than Helen? Yes, she _. 9.Fangfang is not as _ (tall) as the other girls. 10.My eyes are _(big) than _ (she). 11.Which is _(heavy),the elephant or the pig? 12.Who gets up _(early),Tim or Tom? 13._the girls get up_(early) than the boys?No,they_.14. Jim runs _(slow). But Ben runs _(slow).15.The child doesnt_(write) as _(fast) as the students.三、翻译句子：1、谁比Jim年纪大？是你。_ is _than Jim？ _ are2、谁比David更强壮？是Gao Shan._ _ than David? Gao Shan _.3、谁的铅笔更长，他的还是她的？我想是她的。_ pencil is _,_or_？_is,I think.4、谁的苹果更重，你的姐姐的还是你的弟弟的？ 我的弟弟的。_ apples _ _,your _ or your