应用翻译期末复习指南.doc

Fill the blank*Definition of Translation In the light of popular orientation方向, 目标: translation is to express (sth spoken or esp. written) in another language or in simple words. 1、Translation is a kind of cross-language, cross-culture communication by transferring the meaning carried by one language and its culture into another language and its culture翻译是将一种语言文化承载的意义转换到另一种语言文化中的跨语言、跨文化的交际活动。2、Translating consists in reproducing复制; 重现 in the receptor受体 language the closest natural equivalent相等的 of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. 所谓翻译, 是指从语义到文体, 在译语中用最切近而又最自然的对等语再现原语的信息, 首先是意义上的对等, 其次是风格上的对等3、Translating is rendering翻译 the meaning of a text into another language in the way the author intended the text. 4、Translation is the production of a functional target text maintaining a relationship with a given source text that is specified详述；指定 according to the intended or demanded function of the target text.翻译是创作使其发挥某种功能的译语文本。它与其原语文本保持的联系将根据译文预期或所要求的功能得以具体化。*Basic concepts of Skopostheorie1、Skopos is a Greek word for “purpose”.2、According to Skopostheorie, the prime principle determining any translation process is the purpose of the overall translational action3、To say that an action is intentional is to presuppose预先假定, 假设 the existence of free will and a choice between at least two possible forms of behaviour. One form of behaviour is nevertheless仍然, 然而, 不过 held to be more appropriate than the other in order to attain实现, 达到, 得到 the intended goal or purpose. 4、We can distinguish between three possible kinds of purpose in the field of translation: the general purpose aimed at by the translator in the translation process (perhaps “to earn a living”)the communicative purpose aimed at by the target text in the target situation (perhaps “to instruct the reader”)the purpose aimed at by a particular translation strategy or procedure (for example, “ to translate literally in order to show the structural particularities of the source language”) Nevertheless, the term Skopos usually refers to the purpose of the target text5、 The top-ranking rule for any translation is thus the “Skopos rule”, which says that a translational action is determined by its Skopos; that is, the end justifies the means.6、The landmarks of the German School of functionalist translation theory。7、Taking equivalence as her basis8、Translation cannot be considered a one-to-one transfer between languages. Within the 9、What is needed is a theory of culture to explain the specificity of communicative situations and the relationship 10、In the framework of this theory, one of the most important factors determining the purpose of a translation is the addressee, who is the intendedVermeer makes no mention of the source text11、In Skopostheorie, equivalence means adequacy to a Skopos that requires 12、That is, the concept of equivalence is reduced to “functional equivalence” on the text level of 13、Equivalence is a static不发展的, 静止的, result-oriented concept14、Functions of practical writing: Informative function Expressive function Aesthetic审美的 function Vocative呼唤的 functionAdvertisingAdvertising is the non-personal communication of information usually paid for and usually persuasive in nature about products, services or ideas by identified认出, 识别 sponsors赞助, 发起 through the various media.Translate the following brand namesSony索尼 Kodak柯达 Gillete吉列(razor) Philips飞利普 Addidas 阿迪达斯 Rolls Royce 劳斯莱斯 茅台Mautai 潘婷Pantene 北京Beijing Nescafe雀巢 Playboy花花公子熊猫Panda 大白兔WhiteRabbit 小天鹅Little Swan 钻石Diamond 长城Great Wall Caco-cola可口可乐 Dove德芙 Olay玉兰油 护舒宝Whisper Kingway金威 Johnsons强生Colgate 高露洁 Signal洁诺 Pepsi Cola 百事可乐 Future Cola非常可乐 Midea美的 Benz平治(香港)朋弛(台湾)奔弛 BMW宝马 Ricoh丽确 厘确 Rank Xerox悉录 索牌 Solid Seven-up七喜 True 唇真 纯真 真彩 Goldlion金利来 Nike耐克 雪碧Sprite 清扬Clear舒肤佳Safeguard 汰渍Tide Avon雅芳 Poison百爱神 OMO奥妙 The aesthetic effect should be taken into consideration.芳芳Fangfang Fragrance 芳草Fragrant Grass 小白象(童鞋)Pet Elephant 藕粉Powder/Pudding轻身减肥片Slimming Pills 海尔Haier 海信Hisense 马戏扑克 Maxipoker 金鸡牌闹钟Golden Rooster Cultural element sometimes has to be consideredPractice罗莎Rosa李宁Lining 安踏Anta 光明Bright 老板Boss太阳神Apollo皇冠Crown 蜂花Bee & Flower自由鸟Free Bird自然美Natural Beauty乐凯（胶卷）Lucky来福（补品）Life 四通（电脑）Stone 回力（球鞋）Warrior捷安特（自行车）Giant穗宝（床垫）Symbol 美丽岛（地板Merryland新科Shinco康佳Konka格力Gree长虹Changhong 美菱Meiling Audi奥迪方正Founder梅赛德斯Mercedes波音飞机boeing雀巢Nescafe联想Lenovo爱华Aiwa王朝牌葡萄酒Dynasty博士Doctor“飞鸽”牌Flying Pigeon.Translate the following Chinese advertisement into English.1、买一送一 Buy one and get one free.2、机不可失，失不再来 Its now or never3、心动不如行动 Action is better than emotion. 4、百闻不如一尝。Tasting is believing5、给您一个新的选择A new choice for you.6、人带梅花，准时乐道。（梅花牌手表）Give the plum to all and to all a good time.7. 百思得立即购。 Best lets go8. 穿上“金鞋”，足下生辉。GOLDENSHINE, shines your way9. 上海中华铅笔：品质优良，书写润滑，美观大方。Chung Hwa pencils: superb quality, smooth writing and elegant style10. 接天下客，送万里情-天津出租汽车公司9.Tianjin Taxi Company is forever your companyYour satisfaction is our final destination! Your comfort and safety is our promise!11. 华天大酒店以其卓越的服务和完善的设施，为您的长沙之行留下温馨的感受。Enjoy the first-rate service and homely atmosphere.Advertising writing follows the KISS principle: keep it short and sweet12、Not all cars are created equal.车到山前必有路，有路必有丰田车13、衣食住行，有龙则灵。Your everyday lifes so busy, but our Long Card can make it easy.14、要想皮肤好，早晚用大宝。Applying Dabao morning and night: It makes your skin care a real delight15、上海丝绸及纤维织品 一摸就知。Shanghai Silk and Other Fiber Knitwear Touching is believing.Shanghai Silk and Other Fiber Knitwear with the touch thats just right.16、有了南方，就有了办法。 （某科技咨询公司）Where there is South, there is a way17、滴滴香浓，意犹未尽。（麦氏咖啡广告）Good to the last drop.18、让“上海交宝”驰名世界，让世界遍布“声佳”电器。Make a global hit Shengjia Auto Electric.19、钻石恒久远，一颗永流传。The Diamond is Forever.20、鹤舞白沙，我心飞翔。Fly higher21、华夏始建于1945年5月，至今已有四十多年的悠久历史，业务关系遍及全世界，是一个具有丰富经验、享有良好信誉、以航运为主的综合性运输公司。FARENCOL, was founded in May,1945. With a history of over 40 years, it has established business relations all over the world.FARENCOL is a comprehensive transportation business specialized in shipping.22、Life is a Journey, Travel it Well United Airlines生命是一次旅行，一路走好 美国联合航空公司23、Hi-Fi, Hi-Fun, Hi-Fashion, Only from Sony高保真，高乐趣，高时尚只来自索尼24、More sun and air for your son and heir. 这里有充足的阳光，清新的空气，一切为了您的子孙后代。25、25、Trust us. Over 5，000 ears of experience. 相信我们吧。历经5 000多只耳朵的检验，有着5000 多年的经验。（助听器）.P114.Translation of Tourism 1、 The harbor looked most beautiful in its semi-circle of hills and half-lights. The color of a pearl gray and a fairy texture soft, melting halftones. Nothing brittle of garnish.只见海港被环抱于半圆形的小山丛中，煞是好看，朦朦胧胧，一片银灰，宛若仙境它浓淡交融，光彩柔和，清雅绝俗。2、 Tao gave birth to the One; the One gave birth successively to two things, three things, up to ten thousand. These ten thousand creatures cannot turn their backs to the shade (Yin) without having the sun (Yang) on their bellies, and it is on this blending of the breaths (both Yin and Yang) that their harmony depends”. 道生一，一生二，二生三，三生万物。万物负阴而抱阳，冲气以为和3、The energy of heaven and earth is a unified one. It consists of Yin and Yang and manifests itself in 4 seasons and 5 elements.4、 天地之气，合而为一，分为阴阳，判为四时，列为五行。路左有一巨石，石上原有苏东坡手书“云外流春” 四个大字。To its left is another rock formerly engraved with four big Chinese characters Yun Wai Liu Chun (Beyond clouds flows spring) written by Su Dongpo (1037-1101), the most versatile poet of the Northern Song Dynasty 5、林边有一个洞，叫白龙洞，传说白蛇传的白娘子曾经在这里修炼。Near the forest is the White Dragon Cave which is said to be the very place where Lady White, the legendary heroine of The Story of the White Snake, cultivated herself according to Buddhist doctrine.6、绍兴是越瓷的产地。Shaoxing is the home of Yue Porcelain. Yue is a state name used to refer to the Shaoxing region in ancient China.7、 湖南省位于长江中游南部，东经108度至114度，北纬24度至30度。因地处洞庭湖之南，所以叫湖南。Hunan Province lies just south of the middle reaches of the Changjiang (Yangtze) river between 108 and 114 E longitude and 24 and 30 N latitude. As it is also situated south of Lake Dongting, the Province has the name Hunan, which means “south of the lake”. 8、这些山峰，连同山上绿竹翠柳、岸边的村民农舍，时而化入水中，时而化入天际，真是“果然佳胜在兴坪”。These hills and the green bamboo and willows and farm houses merge with their reflections in the river and lead visitors to a dreamy world.9、刘备章武三年病死于白帝城永安宫，五月运回成都，八月葬于惠陵。Liu Bei died of illness in 233 at present-day Fengjie county, Sichuan Province, and was buried here in the same year.10、水映山容，使山容益添秀媚，山青水秀，使水更显柔情。有诗云：岸上湖中各自奇，山觞水酌两相宜，只言游舫浑如画，身在画中原不知。The hills overshadow the lake, and the lake reflects the hills. They are in perfect harmony, and more beautiful than a picture.11、亭西侧石壁上有“江山汇景处”五字，意为登临此山，一城江山之美景尽收眼底。A five-character inscription, meaning “ Center for Viewing the Scenery”, is carved on a rock surface on the western side of the pavilion.12、济公劫富济贫，深受穷苦人民爱戴。Jigong, Robin Hood in China, robbed the rich and helped the poor.13、故宫耗时14年，整个工程于1420年结束。The construction of the Forbidden City took 14 years, and was finished in 1420, 14 years before William Shakespeare was born. 14、The darkness was thinning, but the street was still dimly lighted天色渐渐放亮，但是昏暗的街灯还没灭。15、上海系江南名城,远东巨埠, 内联九州, 外通四海, 物 华天宝，人杰地灵。Shanghai is a famous port city in south east China and in the Far East. Linked with all the places in China and major ports throughout the world, this metropolis is known as a land of attractive resources and magical power, a birthplace of creative minds and gifted talents. English for science and technology1. Archimedes first discovered the principle of displacement of water by solid bodies.阿基米德最先发现固体排水的原理。2. She was of a helpless, fleshy build, with a frank, open countenance and an innocent, diffident manner. Her eyes were large and patient, and in them dwelt such a shadow of distress as only those who have looked sympathetically into the countenances of the distraught and helpless poor know anything about.那妇人生着一副绵软多肉的体格，一张坦率开诚的面容，一种天真羞怯的神气。一双大落落的柔顺眼睛，里边隐藏着无穷的心事，只有那些对于凄惶无告的穷苦人面目作过同情观察的人才看得出来。3. The rotation of the earth on its own axis causes the change from day to night.地球绕轴自转，引起昼夜的变化。4. Television is the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves.电视通过无线电波发射和接受活动物体的图像。5. Attention must be paid to the working temperature of the machine.应当注意机器的工作温度。6. Electrical energy can be stored in two metal plates separated by an insulating medium. Such a device is called a capacitor, or a condenser, and its ability to store electrical energy capacitance. It is measured in farads. 电能可储存在由一绝缘介质隔开的两块金属极板内。这样的装置称之为电容器，其储存电能的能力称为电容。电容的测量单位是法拉。7. There are a number of methods of joining metal articles together, depending on the type of the metal and the strength of the joint which is required. Soldering gives a satisfactory joint for light articles of steel, copper or brass, but the strength of a soldered joint is rather less than a joint which is brazed, riveted or welded. These methods of joining metal are normally adopted for strong permanent joints.把金属连接在一起的方法很多，因金属的类型和所需接缝的强度不同而异。软钎焊焊接薄钢件、薄铜件和薄黄铜件，其接缝合乎要求，但其强度比硬钎焊铆接或焊接接缝要低得多。这三种连接金属的方法通常用于高强度的永久性焊接。8. The elimination of the errors of these types is a major problem in the design of physical experiments. A few possible lines of attack on this problem are indicated below, but the devising of experiments to investigate a particular point, to the exclusion of disturbing factors, is the most exacting of experimental physicist. 消除这几种误差，是设计物理学实验的重要问题。下面叙述了解决这个问题的几种可行办法，不过，要排除各个干扰因素设计出一个实验方案来，去对特定的问题加以研究，却是实验物理学家一项最艰巨的任务。9. The solar wind grossly distorts the earths magnetic field, dragging it out to a long tail. 太阳风使地球磁场的形状发生很大的变化，将它向外牵拉，扯出一条长尾。10. Long regarded by elementary particle physicists as a costly nuisance, synchrotron radiation is now recognized as a valuable research tool.同步加速器辐射长期被基本粒子物理学家当作是一种费钱的废物，现在人们却认识到，它是宝贵的研究工具。 11. Using a computer, we composed a series of synthetic songs by shuffling natural syllables into different patterns.我们用计算机把音节组织成种种不同的结构模式，从而合成了一系列曲子。12. To signal the presence of a hunting hawk, the chaffinch becomes a ventriloquist, “throwing” its voice so that the hawk can not find it.为了通知同伴有恶鹰到来，苍头雀变成了口技表演家。它把叫声“抛”得老远，既警告了同伴，又让老鹰找不到它。13. Using this reasoning, we can estimate the number of the detectable civilization in our galaxy.根据这种推理，我们可以估计出银河系中可探测到的天体的数目。14. Bred in the areas around the equator, this protozoan proves very inactive out of the tropical zone.这种在赤道周围繁殖的原生物，在热带地区以外的地方是极不活跃的。18. The forces due to friction are called frictional forces.由于摩擦而产生的力称之为摩擦力。16. A call for paper is now being issued. 征集论文的通知现正陆续发出。17. In this country the only fuel available is coal.该国唯一可用的燃料是煤。 18. In radiation, thermal energy is transformed into radiant energy, similar in nature to light.热能在辐射时，转换成性质与光相似的辐射能。19.The air outside pressed the side in.外面的空气将桶壁压得凹进去了。20. The force upward equals the force downward so that the balloon stays at the level.向上的力与向下的力相等，所以气球就保持在这一高度。20. The results obtained must be checked.结果必须加以校核。21. The heat produced is equal to the electrical energy wasted.产生的热量等于消耗了的电能22. During construction, problems often arise which require desig