《高频issue提纲》doc版.doc

50In order to improve the quality of instruction at the college and university level, all faculty should be required to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach.- 50 同意1、教师可以根据社会需要设计课程，使教学内容更贴近工作需要Journalism2、学生可以进一步明确所学内容在社会生活与工作中如何发挥作用，明确学习目标和方法Instructional Design3、但过分强调兼职会阻碍学术的前瞻性Atificial IntelligenceISSUE50为了改善大学的教学质量，所有的教员都应该被要求花一定时间到学术领域以外去参加和他们所教科目相关的工作。1 首先这样会使教员分心，有可能面外的工作占用很多精力，而忽略了教学任务，这样反而会降低教学质量。比如，现在计算机行业很热门，有很多计算机系的老师在外面的公司兼职做项目，导致上课质量下降，很多只是应付任务。（可以举自己身边的例子）2 有些学科发展很快，确实需要多了解外面的发展，但也不一定非要让教员出去工作，因为还有很多渠道的，比如参加学术讨论会议、通过网络了解最新动态等等。 3 此外，有些学科，比如基础研究学科数学、物理的发展是需要在实验室里的，不需要到外面工作，且短期内这些都不会有太大变化，这些老师更不需要必须花时间去外面工作。50. In order to improve the quality of instruction at the college and university level, all faculty should be required to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach. 2750. 为了提高大学的教学质量，（学校）应该要求所有的教员花一定时间到（学校）这个学术世界之外，在与他们教授的课程相关的职位工作。1、 让应用学科的人参与实际工作好：首先，能够激发研究人员的兴趣，并扩宽他们的视野，了解到最前沿的发展趋势。其次，可以帮助学生更了解书本知识实际的应用，让学生对书本知识产生兴趣，并为一部分学生未来参加到实际工作中做准备；2、 最后让教授和其他研究人员的理论成果更快和更好的转化成实际的产品，并促进各个学术和应用领域的公司还有学校的合作，不光有利于学生了解最前沿的科技，还可以为学校带来足够的资金3、 另一方面，对于纯学术领域的工作人员没有必要强迫他们到应用领域工作。首先，没有实际的位置适合他们；其次，这些学科需要的是学术成果，而不是实际成果，因此应当让这些人专注学术50. 大学教员应该出去工作一、不同意。学校focus on academic research而不是initiate working experience，除去工作会使老师分心，即使在应用学科也只需保持perceptive二、大学职能University is a place for its faculties to explore the unknown academic world heart and soul.1During the 19th century.2. 学生到大学是为了理论知识theoretical knowledge& edification，工作经验踏入社会就可以学到三、work outside also distracts faculties from academic research, the principal field of honor in college and university.1研究的难处。2出去工作只能带来venality in business and so-called practicality HDavy3有人说出去工作得到newest的信息，其实正好相反，学术界是最前沿的，外界的应用都使学术的成熟fruits四、It is also specious that in more applied fields, where interaction with outside world is required, faculties should go out to acquire inspiration.1尽管像经济、管理combine with ever changing circumstance outside2但跟出去工作是两码事，通过电视、网络，只要教授positive, perceptive50T In order to improve the quality of instruction at the college and university level, all faculty should be required to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach. 50 为了提高大学的教学质量，所有的教职员工应该去校外参加一些和他们教的课程相关的工作Though I fundamentally agree that most of the faculty in the universities should have the experience to participate the employment or real works outside the academic world, it is unwarranted to expand this broad assertion to embrace the all faculty in the college. Therefore, my contention toward this opinion is that it is necessary to inspire the researchers concerning the practical discipline to spend time outside the academic world, while, for those who work in the pure theoretical field, it is meaningless to compel them to gain the experience in the practical work.从老师和学生两个角度谈 开阔视野、了解前沿发展趋势；研究成果更快(by leaps and bounds)转化为科技产品。如：IT 提高学生学习兴趣；help students who are serious about pursuing a career in that field to make more informed career decisions如：管理学managementTo some academic area such as engineering, faculty members should be encouraged to work outside for some time in order to better orient instruction to students for future career 有的并没有合适岗位，in certain academic areas, there is no profession to speak of outside academia(学术界、学术环境)如pure theoretical field including mathematics, philosophy；有时会浪费时间distracting them from the research and instruction work they should concentrate on如：public administration130How children are socialized today determines the destiny of society. Unfortunately, we have not yet learned how to raise children who can help bring about a better society. -130 同意孩子的社会交往能力培养对未来社会发展有深远影响learning to be part of society: the process involved when young children are becoming aware of society and learning how they are expected to behave 1、全球化趋势下，人际交往在社会发展中越来越占有重要地位，学生交往能力的培养影响今后发展合作科学研究、合作保护环境、合作研究public health；经济贸易合作；对合作能力有高要求如果学生达不到，会影响社会发展速度与方向2、教育确实有待改进；学校教育对交往能力培养（包括技能、态度、方法）不够重视，过于看重reasoning logical thinking grades学生合作交流意识与能力不强，家庭教育也有问题，只关注和鼓励自己的孩子获胜，不强调互助合作交流3、光有社会化不足以带来better society，还要强调个性培养， 有strong conviction and belief不仅仅根据社会的要求behave,还要有创新精神与坚定信念 Mahatma Gandhi Martin Luther King用于提出社会应有而还没有的东西130. 今天的孩子社会化的方式决定了社会的明天。遗憾的是，我们还不知道如何去培养这些能有助于带来一个更好社会的孩子们。a) 儿童的社会化对于社会的未来很重要，儿童的社会化培养了儿童生活自理能力，基本的知识与技能，为价值观，道德的形成奠定了基础。比如孩子在游戏总表现出来的勇敢，领导，协作，诚实，与通过。如果人们由于不当的社会化导致了antisocial， 未来对社会只会造成危害b) 但是社会的未来不仅仅决定与儿童的社会化，还有许多其他因素，卓越的领导人改变了社会的命运，Mahatma Gandhi改变了印度社会的命运，但是他的成功源自内心对自由的信仰，而不是来自出身印度上流社会的社会化。罗斯福Roosevelt虽然从小受残疾的影响没有很好的socially developed，性格也古怪。但是依靠New Deal给美国社会注入了强大的动力。c) 现实的证据证明我们也掌握了很多进行儿童社会化的手段和方法，否则今天社会那些取得的卓越成就从哪里来。今天社会greater tolerance of differing viewpoints and people who are different from ourselves, 尊重和保护 individual rights, and greater cooperation across cultural and national boundaries, 都是由the most recent half-century创造的.今天的社会更加尊重妇女的权利，对黑人的歧视越来越少。社会对处在失业的，helpless的人给予更多的帮助。ISSUE130孩子的社会化；我们还没有学会教育孩子建设社会1 孩子的社会化与未来息息相关2 我们没有必要过分强调孩子的社会化。一方面，孩子的社会化是迟早的事情，何况我们的孩子现在都做的很好，学校的操场就是他们socialization的很好场所，社区提供很多机会让孩子们交流和合作；另一方面，过早的让他们了解社会使他们知道了社会的阴暗面，会产生不好的情绪，社会化还可能让孩子们过早的失去individuality 而变成boring和pragmatic的adult。3 并不是社会化决定我们社会的未来，决定未来的是我们的孩子健康、博学而且有创造性。除了社会化，我们应该关注孩子其他方面我们不应该过分悲观，我认为我们现在的教育做的很好。职业教育者负责孩子们的基础知识和道德培养；家长负责心里健康和生活知识；社区给孩子们提供社会化的机会，这使得孩子们能够接受到全面的教育。 130 孩子融入社会的能力决定了社会的命运。遗憾的是，我们还不知道怎样培养孩子使他们对社会有益。这个自己写了：不同意什么是socialized, 他和destiny society 的关系是什么。2，社会化并不是社会未来进步的唯一标准。主要是法律的健全等3，什么样的标准是better society 也学我们已经做到了，只是没发130 儿童的社会化对于社会的未来很重要，儿童的社会化培养了儿童生活自理能力，基本的知识与技能，为价值观，道德的形成奠定了基础。比如孩子在游戏总表现出来的勇敢，领导，协作，诚实，与通过。如果人们由于不当的社会化导致了antisocial， 未来对社会只会造成危害但是社会的未来不仅仅决定与儿童的社会化，还有许多其他因素，卓越的领导人改变了社会的命运，Mahatma Gandhi改变了印度社会的命运，但是他的成功源自内心对自由的信仰，而不是来自出身印度上流社会的社会化。罗斯福Roosevelt虽然从小受残疾的影响没有很好的socially developed，性格也古怪。但是依靠New Deal给美国社会注入了强大的动力。现实的证据证明我们也掌握了很多进行儿童社会化的手段和方法，否则今天社会那些取得的卓越成就从哪里来。今天社会greater tolerance of differing viewpoints and people who are different from ourselves, 尊重和保护 individual rights, and greater cooperation across cultural and national boundaries, 都是由the most recent half-century创造的.今天的社会更加尊重妇女的权利，对黑人的歧视越来越少。社会对处在失业的，helpless的人给予更多的帮助。130 【题目】How children are socialized today determines the destiny of society.Unfortunately, we have not yet learned how to raise children who can help bring about a better society.【翻译】现在孩子的社会化程度决定了社会的命运。可惜的是，我们还没有学会教孩子怎么样去建设一个更好的社会。【提纲】观点：孩子的社会化对于整个社会来说的确很重要，但是显然还有其他因素，所幸人们已经学会了怎样去培养孩子去更好的建设未来社会。1. 社会化的含义及其对于社会的重要性2. 除了社会化之外还有许多因素决定着社会未来的命运，比如人们的创新，科学技术水平等等（Roosevelt and his New Deal, no Bill Gates and his Microsoft and no Picasso and his impressionism）3. 从社会的发展与进步来看，人们已经学会教育孩子区建设一个更好的社会。当然也不可否认，教育中的确也存在着一些问题，但总的来说这并不影响总的趋势。（inoculations to cure diseases，exploring the space，Internet）130孩子社会化一、owing to the complexity.同意社会化很重要，但同时另外的virtue也很重要。 而且我们已经知道怎么建设好更好的社会二、社会化重要It is true that socialization is essential in constructing a persons personality1社会化定义2孩子学会learn obligation when they are organized to protect the environment, learn sharing when they exchange their toys, and learn compromise when their thoughts conflict3Isolation, unilateral and incompatible with the society, thereby inducing cynical, even criminal4. 社会化的程度决定了个人和社会的interaction，从而决定了社会命运三、除了社会化还有其他virtue对社会命运有重大作用not only socialization determines the destiny of society, but also other virtues as specialization, innovation and persistence do.1是specialized 科学家使得科技发展到现在水平2研究的困难性，居里，Mendel3政治家像邓小平四、claim的第二部分有问题，我们已经学会建设更好的社会1人类社会自从存在起keeps developing，along with riots.但都是为了建设更好的社会2great respect for individual rights, for our nature mother, for races different from us, and has a better medical care, better public education, better living quality130T How children are socialized today determines the destiny of society. Unfortunately, we have not yet learned how to raise children who can help bring about a better society. 130 孩子们的成长决定着社会的命运。不幸的是，我们还不知道怎样抚养孩子才能使他们对将来的社会有用。 How children are socialized is indeed crucial for the future society. cooperative, accommodating, political。 Upon the question of how to raise children that can help bring about a better society, neither do we have learnt enough, nor do we have done well. A learn B do。 How children are socialized should never be the only determinant in developing a better society. Roosevelt 小时候身体差，孤立，但最后靠其毅力，成长为总统。 Although insufficient, we have already learnt something about how to raise the salt of the society. (北美范文P146)If we define a “better” society as one characterized by greater tolerance of differing viewpoint and people who are different from ourselves, greater respect for individual rights, and greater cooperation across cultural and national boundaries, then the children of the most recent half-century are creating a better society.Consider first the speakers assertion that societys destiny depends on how children are socialized. Socialization is only one factor influencing the extent to which an individual will ultimately contribute to a better society. And it is not the most important one. 103The study of history has value only to the extent that it is relevant to our daily lives.- 103 学习历史的作用不仅仅在于日常生活1、历史研究和日常生活的直接关系不大2、对个人来说，历史人物可以激励3、对社会来说，历史研究的经验教训可以避免犯错103. 只有在历史研究与我们的日常生活相关的前提下，历史研究才有价值。1、 不可否认一些历史的价值已经不能够适应现代的高科技时代了(the rapid change of technological advance have made many historical events and lessons have little values in modern society)2、 但是，大部分的历史事实能够帮助人们认识社会的发展历程，并总结出发展的规律，在社会发展中提供指导。3、 从前辈们的教训中，现代人能够吸取他们的教训，并避免发展中出现失误。比如环境问题4、 正确对待历史的态度应当是有选择的吸收，换句话说就是吸取其中有用的，把没用过时的去掉103 研究历史的价值只体现在这种研究和我们的日常生活相关时。Insofar as possible 尽可能不同意The speaker alleges。only insofar as。I find this allegation to be specious。It wrongly suggests。To the contrary,。studying historical examples of courage in the face of adversity can provide motivation to face their own personal fears in life历史让个人明白社会变化：History is indispensable to understanding why such changes occur.Once we determine when the trend began, we can try to identify which of the factors present at the time combined to set the trend in motion.A purely contemporary analysis may shed some light on the problem, but a historical assessment is clearly fundamentaland essential for anyone concerned about History as art and entertainment serves a real purpose, on aesthetic grounds but also on the level of human understanding. Stories well done are stories that reveal how people and societies have actually functioned, and they prompt thoughts about he human experience in other times and places. The same aesthetic and humanistic goals inspire people to immerse themselves in efforts to reconstruct quite remote pasts, far removed from immediate, present-day utility.比如：high-art 艺术家，知道了Van Gogh后就明白坚持艺术要孤独要艰辛Require strong belief, persistence, and the ability to bear loneliness and misunderstanding. Van Gogh, two of whose still life paintings have recently broken all records in selling for $50 million, sold only one of his paintings in his entire career.Yet, an ever-lengthening honor roll distinguishes works first received as unacceptable by resistant audiences.错过的不要再错：to avoid repeating those mistakes.比如：二战 世界混乱，经济depression, 人们苦难suffer，进步停滞impede development 知道和平的珍贵，stability and peace，treasure范文例子：The nuclear accidents at Three Mile Island and Chernobyl have been studied to ensure that they do not happen again. Certainly the study of the effects of nuclear materials on humans and the environment provides value beyond that of the day-to-day life of people. The study of oil spills and their effects on the environment gives similar guidance on how to avoid or at least minimize the damage of an oil spill on the environment. The study of the disintegration of the ozone layer over the poles of the earth has given birth to new laws and regulations on certain chemicals that help to preserve this valuable part of our atmosphere. All of these examples of studying history provide value far beyond its impact on the daily lives of people.宝贵遗产，至今适用：precious historical heritageHistory also provides a terrain for moral contemplation.比如：孔子的话“two heads are better than one” “know is know” Socrates : Genuine education, as Socrates knew more than two thousand years ago, is not inserting the stuffing of information into a person, but rather eliciting knowledge from him; it is drawing out of what is in the mind. 孙子兵法From the ancient Chinese author Sun Tzus book The Art of War, todays military commanders and even business leaders gather valuable information that allows them to operate more efficiently and effectively.对国家忠诚：histories that tell the national story, emphasizing distinctive features of the national experience, are meant to drive home an understanding of national values and a commitment to national loyalty.比如：美国独立战争总结：不仅明白，而且提高修养 Helps us understand how recent, current, and prospective changes that affect the lives of citizens are emerging or may emerge and what causes are involved Lift spirits.In sum, the speaker fails to recognize that in all our activities and decisions-from our grandest to our most rote-history can inspire, inform, guide, and nurture. In the final analysis, to study history is to gain the capacity to be more human-and I would be hard-pressed to imagine a worthier end. 另一开头：To state is to ignore the value It would seem to be a rather shallow statement that implies only rather than 103 在现代社会，科技的进步导致传统观念和过去人类积累的经验都面临挑战moral euthanasia Homosexuality；world issue nuclear warfare。医学上，AIDS, SARS.有些情况没有出现过，有些可能用不上但更多是有用的。At the individual level, 从历史中得到鼓舞,吸取经验教训。如：Edison; perpetual motion machine。Community level，了解GE100年来发展的历史有借鉴意义。了解一个国家，一个民族的历史得到归属感。，中国人对自己5000年历史的了解更使他民族自豪感和爱国。At the nation level, only seek into history can we learn how events cone into being.如：苏联解体，冷战后的世界格局。研究世界大战的起因，能够避免今后发生同样的战争有些看似回顾历史没有用处，但是确很有用，比如犯罪，社会运动。都是人本性的作用，了解历史能把握这些，更好的制定政策。但是不能简单的照搬历史，毕竟当今和过去有着千差万别，很多客观调价都变了，学要我们根据今天的具体情况来调整，得出符合实际的解决问题的方法。比如教育制度，就不能只按照过去的内容来教育学生，科技的进步，要求我们加入新的知识。103历史与日常生活一、不同意,far more than，通过历史，对于个人来说人们establish our value system, refine our personality, and define ourselves，对于社会，经验和教训二、Studying history, for an individual, is useful.1Children come to the world.学习历史人物2To upper degree，牛顿巨人，framework and basic ideas, 找到灵感三、 resorting to history, individuals define themselves, and have a sense of who they are.1每个社会有独特的祖先形成的belief，shared by its members2Socialization is the process.3. history teaching people what the environment around them is, and what beliefs are valued.4日本武士精神，美国民主the ways Americans behave四、the society can learn much from history.1Avoid tragedies 非典，原子弹, Prohibition2学习经验，发展中国家103T The study of history has value only to the extent that it is relevant to our daily lives. 103 只有当历史和我们的生活相关时，对它的研究才有扩展性和价值要侧重讨论那些看起来和现在无关的历史的有用性。 在现代社会，科技的进步导致传统观念和过去人类积累的经验都面临挑战euthanasia；nuclear warfare。有些情况没有出现过，有些可能用不上 与日常生活有关的。At the individual level, 从历史中得到鼓舞,吸取经验教训。如：Edison; perpetual motion machine 与日常生活无关的，但与国家决策有关的。At the nation level, only seek into history can we learn how events cone into being.如：苏联解体，冷战后的世界格局。 有些历史事件表面上看来与现代社会无关，但是本质上，都是人类社会发展中的各个台阶，应当符合历史发展的客观规律。First of all, to study history is to look at a road map of human behavior that has led us to where we are today in the world. For example, the lessons learned during all of the past wars can make for more effective wartime leadership by avoiding mistakes made by past commanders. From the ancient Chinese author Sun Tzus book The Art of War, todays military commanders and even business leaders gather valuable information that allows them to operate more efficiently and effectively. Another example is that by studying history, parents can help to improve the lives of their children in the future. Additionally, the study of medical advances made throughout history can be the foundation to build upon to make the medical advances of today and tomorrow to make people live longer and healthier lives.A further example of the value of the study of history beyond its effect on daily life is the treatment of the environment and the earth as a whole40Scholars and researchers should not be concerned with whether their work makes a contribution to the larger society. It is more important that they pursue their individual interests, however unusual or idiosyncratic those interests may seem. - 40 部分同意1、在科学研究结束以前，研究成果对社会的贡献是不确定的，所以不需要太关心The discovery of electricity is a case in point. When the scientist first found the phenomena of electricity, some reporters asked him to predict the potential use of it. The scientist replied like this: could you predict the contribution of a man when he was just a baby? As time passes, electricity becomes one of the fundamental factors in peoples everyday life in modern world. 2、许多科学家凭自己的兴趣研究，最后成果仍然对社会有益兴趣激发的研究更有动力，且容易成功Einstein Albert who simply put his effort in the theoretical physics eventually promoted the advances in natural science. Watt James who just interested in the mechanism of the steam engine eventually propelled the Industrial Revolution in the eighteen century. 3、当然科学家也要考虑到研究对社会可能的影响纳税人的钱；对社会有危害的研究And their research should not cause serious problems in society. Clone of Human is an example. Although some scientists have strong interests in cloning human beings, they should not do that, because such research will cause many problems in ethics and morality. *40. 学者和研究人员不应该关注他们的工做是否对社会有所贡献； 他们追求自己个人的兴趣更为重要，无论那些兴趣看起来是多么不寻常或者多么特殊。Prcis & Syllabus:许多人认为科学和研究应当为整个社会服务，并根据这个原因得出