板坯连铸机垛卸板机设计【8张CAD图纸和说明书】

摘要
连续铸钢是五十年代以来在钢铁工业中发展起来的一项重大新技术。连续铸钢是将钢水连续注入结晶器，待钢水凝固成一定厚度的坯壳后，从结晶器下口拉出活底（引锭链），这样，铸钢坯就连续从结晶器下口被拉出来。这种将高温钢水直接浇注成钢坯的新工艺就是连续铸钢，简称“连铸”。
常规的连铸出坯后，由吊车将钢板一块块运入成品库，劳动时间较长，劳动量大而且比较频繁。
本次设计的垛卸板机则是对连铸出坯精整系统中以上的一系列弊端进行改良和创新而设计的一台连铸出坯系统中堆垛钢板的设备。
垛卸板机是个升降机械，由去毛刺机和打号机出来后的板坯在运输轨道上，由推钢机将钢板推送到垛卸板机升降台上，每堆垛一块钢板后，升降台下降一个板坯厚度，直到堆垛4块板坯后，由吊车将板坯吊运到成品库中。
设计中采用齿轮与齿条传动方案，来实现将旋转运动转变为直线运动。
本次垛卸板机的设计，设计内容包括:电动机的选择、传动比的分配、联轴器的选择、齿轮与轴的计算及强度校核等。减化了连铸生产出坯系统中的工艺流程，改善了劳动条件的同时，减少了工人的劳动时间及其劳动强度。
关键词：连续铸钢，出坯系统，垛卸板机

The unloader of the continuous slab casting
Abstract
Continuous cast steel has developed a major new technology in iron and steel industry in the 1950s. Continuous cast steel is molten steel continuous infusion crystallizer when molten steel curdle into a shell thickness of unburnt earthenware, pulled live from the mouth of the crystallizer (from 120,000 chain), so that continuous cast billet on the mouth pulled out from under crystallizer. That this will involve high-temperature molten steel directly into the new craft is continuous cast steel billet, short for "continuous metal casting."
  Conventional continuous metal casting out unburnt earthenware, the cable car will be a piece of metal pieces into Chengpinku, longer working hours, labor and the large volume of relatively frequent.
  The interior design of this machine is for continuous metal casting off panels of unburnt earthenware finishing system over a series of improvement and innovation and design defects in the system, one Taiwan continuous metal casting out unburnt earthenware piling steel equipment.
  Stack dumping board aircraft is a mechanical movements from and to burr plane hit out of the plane after banpi in transport tracks from the plane onto steel plates push to stack dumping aircraft landing platform boards, a piece of steel per pile , a drop-Taiwan banpi thickness until piling pieces banpi 4, the cable car will be lifted to Banpi Chengpinku.
  Used gear and spline drive design programmes to achieve rotary movement into linear movement.
  This pile dumping board aircraft development, been greatly simplified the production of continuous metal casting unburnt earthenware system, given that a significant improvement in the working conditions, while reducing the working hours of workers with the labor intensity in continuous metal casting workshop for trial installation and commissioning achieved expected results and their purpose. 
Keywords : continuous cast steel, a unburnt earthenware system ,stack dumping boards plane.
目录
1.绪论······································································································································1
1.1选题的背景和目的·······································································································1
1.1.1选题的背景········································································································1
1.1.2选题的目的········································································································1
1.2连铸在国内外的发展概况···························································································1
1.3连续铸钢的优越性·······································································································2
1.4连铸机的类型及生产工艺流程···················································································3
1.4.1连铸机的类型····································································································3
1.4.2连铸机的生产工艺流程····················································································3
1.5连续铸钢生产所用的设备···························································································4
1.6目前国内外相关邻域垛卸板机的研究成果(堆垛机）··············································4
1.6.1目前用于各种类型的小型车间用的标准堆垛机············································4
1.6.2用于物流仓储中的堆垛机················································································5
2.垛卸板机的工况分析和传动方案分析··············································································7
2.1垛卸板机的工况分析···································································································7
2.2垛卸板机的传动方案分析···························································································7
3.传动方案的设计计算········································································································10
3.1电动机的选择及校核·································································································11
3.1.1电动机的选择··································································································11
3.1.2电动机的发热校核··························································································12
3.1.3电动机的过载校核··························································································12
3.2减速器中传动比的分配·····························································································13
3.2.1求各轴P、n、T备用······················································································13
3.3与电机轴相联接的联轴器的选择·············································································14
3.4Ⅴ轴的强度校核··········································································································16
3.4.1按转矩估算轴的直径······················································································16
3.4.2计算轴各截面的弯矩和扭矩··········································································17
3.4.3按弯扭合成应力校核轴的疲劳强度······························································18
3.4.4精确校核轴的疲劳强度··················································································18
3.5齿轮的强度校核与几何尺寸计算·············································································22
3.5.1选择齿轮的类型、精度等级、材料及齿数··················································22
3.5.2按齿面按触强度设计······················································································22
3.5.3按齿根弯曲强度校核······················································································24
3.5.4齿轮的几何尺寸计算······················································································25
3.6轴承的选择和轴承寿命的计算·················································································26
3.6.1轴承的选择······································································································26
3.6.2轴承的寿命计算······························································································26
3.7键的选择及其强度计算·····························································································27
3.7.1尺寸的选择······································································································27
3.7.2键的强度校核··································································································27
3.8制动器的选择·············································································································27
3.8.1制动器的类型的选择······················································································27
3.8.2外抱块式制动器的性能特点··········································································28
3.8.3垛卸板机上制动器的选择··············································································28
4.润滑及密封························································································································29
4.1润滑的作用·················································································································29
4.2润滑油的选择·············································································································29
4.3润滑脂的选择·············································································································29
4.4右起升传动箱中的润滑与密封·················································································29
结论·······································································································································30
致谢·······································································································································31
参考文献·······························································································································32
1绪论
1.1选题的背景和目的
1.1.1选题的背景
鞍钢第二炼钢厂现有职工1855人，下设5个生产车间和4个辅助车间。厂区占地面积17.8万平方米，建筑面积20.8万平方米。设备总量3.6万吨，主要设备有：100公称吨氧气顶吹转炉3座，R5.25米弧型机六流高效连铸机两台，板坯连铸机2台，600公称吨混铁炉2台，铁水预处理和炉外精练设备各1套。钢年生产能力330万吨，方坯年生产能力190万吨，板坯年生产能力180万吨。正在建另一台板坯连铸机，预计2003年5月投产，拟再建一座转炉，届时年钢产量将达450万吨。
主要产品规格：方坯120mm2、150mm2；板坯150mm×(850mm～1200mm)；
 135mm×(900mm～1550mm)；100mm×(900mm～1550mm)；
主要生产品种有：普通碳素结构钢、优质碳素结构钢、低合金钢、高合金钢、铝钢、军工钢等7个系列120多个品种。
1.1.2选题的目的
本次设计的板坯连铸垛卸板机，为经连续铸钢后的板坯出坯后，用来堆垛钢板的一台设备。
连铸垛卸板机为连铸机出坯系统中的一台专用设备。它承载能力大，结构简单，占地面积小，便于集中控制且检修周期长，在满足生产要求的同时，提高了成材率和劳动生产率。
提高了连铸机的生产效率，缩短了劳动时间和工人的劳动强度。
1.2连铸在国内外的发展概况
钢液经过连续铸钢机（简称连铸机）直接生产钢坯的方法叫连续铸钢，它生产出来的钢坯叫连铸坯。
连续铸钢技术是在五十年代发展成功的。从六十年代中期就在钢铁工业中迅速发展。七十年代以后，发展更为迅速，世界连铸比以3%的速度增长。到1986年，世界钢的连铸比已达52%。在几个主要产钢国家中，连铸比增长更快，日本连铸比1979年为52%，1986年为92%；美国1979年为16.7%,1986年为53.6%，西欧一些国家连铸比已达100%。
日本是一个资源极其贫乏的国家，钢铁工业消耗量很大的原材料和燃料都需要耗用大量外汇从国外进口，日本的第一台连铸机是1955年投产的，开始对连铸并未引起重视，到1965年后，不断认识到发展连铸技术会带来巨大的经济利益，就不断投入大量的资金和力量。到1986年底，日本已经拥有各类连铸机188台494流，其中小方坯连铸机79台246流，大方坯连铸机53台158流，板坯连铸机56台90流，现在日本已经成为连铸生产的第一大国，连铸坯的年产量已超过9000万吨，连铸比达到93%，居世界各国之首。
美国在发展连铸技术方面起步较早，1962年美国的罗诺克电炉炼钢公司就正式投产了一台两流小方坯连铸机，由25吨电炉供应钢水，生产（75×75）～（150×150）mm断面铸坏。1968年美国国家钢铁公司在转炉车间建成了当时世界最大的板坯连铸机，年生产能力为100万吨。到1983年就有7台年产百万吨以上生产能力的大型连铸机投产。到1986年底美国拥有各种连铸机133台，总计369流。1988年美国连铸坯产量已由1982的2000多万吨提高到5526.6万吨，连铸比达到60.9%，连铸坯产量居世界第二位。
我国的连铸开发较早，1958年第一台立式连铸机就在重钢三厂建成投产。到1980年全国共有连铸机25台，生产能力为345万吨。从80年代起，我国的连铸进入了一个新的发展阶段，陆续从国外引进了各种类型的连铸机。1989年底，我国已拥有各类连铸机109台，铸坯产量达到1004万吨，连铸比16.3%。与1980年相比铸产量增加了4.36倍，连铸比提高了2.62倍。要提高我国的连铸坯产量和连铸比，发展板坯连铸机是关键。
1.3连续铸钢的优越性
连续铸钢的迅速发展，是因为它与传统的“模铸—开坯”相比具有很多的优越性。
(1)简化了生产钢坯的工艺流程，节省了大量投资，连续铸钢可直接从钢水浇注成钢坯。省去了脱锭、整模、均热、开坯等一系列中间工序和设备。使钢坯的生产工艺流程大为简化，节省了大量资金。
(2)提高了金属收得率和成材率。由于连铸从根本上消除了模铸中注管和汤道的残钢损失，因而使钢水收得率提高。又因连铸坯没有热帽也不需切去7～8%的坯头，因而成材率也提高10～15%。
(3)极大地改善了劳动条件，并为钢铁生产向连续化、自动化发展创造了条件。普通模铸生产是在高温多尘的条件下工作的，连铸机使铸锭工作机械化，从根本上改变了模铸的劳动条件。
(4)提高了铸坯质量。采用连铸方法可以合理地调节铸坯的冷却条件，实现比较合理的冷却速度，使铸坯结晶过程稳定，内部组织致密，非金属夹杂物减少。化学成分偏析及内部低倍组织缺陷等都减少了。并且提高了金属的机械性能，改善了铸坯的质量。
尽管连续铸钢是一项先进的新技术，新设备，且发展很快。但是目前还存在一些问题：连铸工艺对钢水的要求比较高，无论是化学成分，钢水温度，还是对炼钢炉出钢时间与连铸机的配合，都有严格的要求；在实行多炉连浇的生产条件下，连铸机如何才能适应长在高温条件下作业而不出事故，或一旦出现问题又怎样才能在短时间内排除，恢复正常生产；连铸的操作工艺有待进一步稳定，浇铸品种尚需扩大，浇铸板坯时的某些缺陷有待于改进，设备作业率和拉坯速度还必须提高。
1.4连铸机的类型及生产工艺流程
1.4.1连铸机的类型
在连续铸钢的发展过程中，连续铸钢设备先后出现了立式、立弯式、弧形、椭圆形和其它形式。
近些年来新发展的并且已经用于生产的连铸机的结构类型主要有：
立式连铸机、立弯式连铸机、弧形连铸机、水平连铸机