新GRE的AW常用例子总结.docVIP

Platonic love VS marriageUtopian socialism理想与现实Cosmetic operation VS prospect-prevailing in Korea and Japan; unconfidentAttractive package VS functionAppealing cover VS substance/ content美好的外在是否能够保持？Unduly deforest and pasture - lush meadow degenerate into desert; desertification技术落后时候的mismanagement 和 climate 造成的；草场沙漠化；水土流失Liberty often degenerates into lawlessness.过分的自由要不得，凡是要有限制Enron 安然Fraudulent accounting techniques 财务造假Listed as the 7th largest company in the United StatesScandalBlue chip stock 蓝筹股The companys spectacular collapse resulted from the disclosure that it had reported false profits, using accounting methods that failed to follow generally accepted procedures.Shaking investor confidenceThe scandal resulted in new legislation that reformed accounting practices and strengthened the ability of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to investigate accounting fraud.Arthur Anderson 安达信Accounting firm诚信的问题，长期利益与短期利益问题历史的作用，过分的patriotic reverence的害处Benito MussoliniFascism; prime minister of Italy; extreme nationalism; vast personal power; strong-arm methods; precursor of Hitler; plunge the Europe into WWII一样是极端民族主义和爱国主义的错误Bill GatesThe wealthiest person in the worldBill & Melinda Gates FoundationBill Gates & Paul Allen成功后该干吗UNESCO国际教科文组织Impromptu speech 即兴演讲Human natureFear; desire; curiosity; the lack of the sense of security;Contemporary societyMoney-oriented; rapid-pace; information explosion; overwhelm by the fractions of informationArthur C. ClarkeBritish science-fiction writerA Space OdysseyHis novels and stories often focus on space travel and other ways in which technology will shape the futureHis works are noted for their scientific accuracyWhen a distinguished but elderly scientist states that something is possible he is almost certainly right. When he states that something is impossible, he is very probably wrong.Blackout on eastern coast 美国东海岸大停电In August, 2003Commuter be strandedBuses & ferries 还在运行Subway system 完蛋了人类对科技的依赖Computer33.9 thousand billion calculations per secondlifetimeBinary systemhackers (violate privacy and illegal gain access to computer system) & virus or worms & alter credit histories & freedom of expression电脑算一秒，人要算一辈子。用于电脑的优势和正面作用归根到底就是二进制的算法，由simplicity演绎出来的complexity，satisfy diverse requirements of human beings，也有很多负面的东西Deep blue and Garry KasparovUse 256 processors working together to calculate between 50 and 100 billion chess moves in under 3 minutes科技与人相比到底谁赢了？ConfuciusConfucianismEducatorFeudal因材施教，社会尊敬他，但是没有理会他的政治观点，终身游走于各国Socrates 苏格拉底In prison and sentenced to deathHis disciple helped him to escape from the prison, but he refused for his faith in truth and justice of the law坚持信仰Constitution10 amendmentsBill of rightsFemale suffrage每一次都是对公平的追求，对unjust的反抗The Imperial Palace 故宫Forbidden CityEiffel Tower-ParisLeaning Tower of Pisa-Pisa, ItalySydney Opera House-AustraliaParthenon-AthensColosseum-RomeSaint Peters Basilica-Vatican City标志性建筑，体现了cultural tradition, ethnical spirits, national symbol，是不能随便被modernization所取代，另外也是tradition can be compatible with modernization的表现U.S. Supreme Court BuildingNeoclassical structureAncient Greece对以往的借鉴，类似于temple of Greece，但是也是有新的元素，体现的是judicature的庄严而不是对deity的膜拜Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.Severe Acute Respiratory SyndromeSARS政府的responsibility来投资于研究vaccine & therapy，而无论结果是否controversialLikewise, HIVSimilarly, the prevention of other epidemicsClone有一些ethics方面的问题Genetic engineering引起了religion方面人士的反对Euthanasia安乐死也有诸多的controversyMarriage between homosexuals同性恋结婚，还是有争议Adam SmithInvisible hand竞争的好处，benign competition VS malignant (vicious) competitionDemocratic Party VS Republican Party政治竞争的好处NewtonIf I have been able to see further, it was only because I stood on the shoulders of giants.Newton showed an interest in alchemy, mysticism, and theology. Newton was reluctant to share his research with other scientists for fear they would take credit for his discoveries.Newton VS LeibnizDali & Raphael was crazy about money.伟人也不是超脱于时代的，他们对于money & reputation仍然执着，全是human nature惹的祸Peter the Great对modernization的鼓励，对tradition的破坏WashingtonWashington rejected a movement among army officers to make him king of the United States.Warren G. HardingTeapot Dome; bribery; Albert Bacon Fall; secretary of the interiorOliver Cromwellleader in the English Revolution (1640-1660) and the first commoner to rule England. He refused to rule without constitutional authority. His civilian government introduced electoral reform, moderate religious toleration, and the first truly British Parliament. The revolution that he guided did not survive him, and after a period of political chaos he was succeeded by the restoration of Charles II to the throne.Nelson Rolihlahla MandelaNegotiating the end of apartheid and leading South Africas peaceful transition to democratic rule. 政治家的道德水准Illicit love between Bill Clinton & Monica Lewinsky政治家的道德水平与行政效率之间的关系Counter-terrorism政治家要强硬Julius IIArt patron of Michelangelo and Raphael; Pope; brilliant; abiding interest in the arts; commission the ceiling painting of the Sistine Chapel; masterpieces政府对艺术的资助Leonardo da VinciProfound love of knowledge (keynote of his artistic endeavor);科学研究的态度搞艺术创作，学习科学的必要性，应用anatomy; dissect the corpse来画nudeThomas JeffersonAuthor of Declaration of Independence; boundless interests; accomplishments are great and varied也是通才MonetEver-changing qualities of sunlight in nature; impressionism; technique of applying bright, unmixed colors in quick, short strokes; 从不放弃印象主义的创作Pierre Auguste RenoirFemale nude; brilliance of color; cripple by arthritis, use a brush strapped to his arm; depict the lustrous, pearly color and texture of skin and to impart lyrical feeling and plasticity to a subject; 阳光下的女人体曾被斥为腐尸Impressionism的leading exponents，都是到后来才得到认同，先前超脱于时代，但都没有放弃创作，另外影响派adopt the advanced theory of optical science，也是艺术于科学的结合John NashMathematician; pioneering work in game theory; “Nash equilibrium”; applied extensively in different branches of economic theoryMathematical economicsCalculus, linear algebra, and other sophisticated techniques; alliance of economics with mathematics and statistics; model building which link together hundreds or thousands of equations数学与经济学的结合Pablo PicassoHenri Matisseboldest color and distortion of shape; begin to gain approval and enjoy the favor of a number of influential critics; emphasize the importance of instinct and intuition俩都是大牛，一个是cubism一个是fauvism，在生前就获得了极高的名望，work看起来像是scrawl，其实是经过classical training的，远不是scribble那么简单，直觉是很重要，但是想要创新需要实力UtilitarianismThe greatest happiness of the greatest number; what is useful is good; the ethical value of conduct is determined by the utility of its results; conscience is not made the absolute arbiter of right and wrong;结果是一切RenaissanceDominant intellectual movement is humanism; based on the idea that people are rational beings; dignity and worth; studied the great civilizations of ancient Greece and Rome and came to the conclusion that their own cultural achievements rivaled those of antiquity; had its roots in medieval times and the change were progressive rather than abrupt; ideal person should not be bound to one specific discipline; Middle Age encouraged specialization文艺复兴强调人性，认为人是不拘于一个专业的，是应该全面发展的，对古希腊罗马艺术的继承，对中世纪文化的发展Uncle Toms CabinAntislavery; abolition文学作品的魅力Dmitry MendeleyevRussian chemist; periodic table; left gaps for elements that were not yet known受了梦境的启发创造了元素周期表，想象的作用，另外在证据不足的情况下大胆提出观点Plato; a discussion of justice; witness the death of Socrates at the hands of the Athenian democracy; founded the Academy in Athens which provided a comprehensive curriculum; pursue an opportunity to combine philosophy and practical politics大牛，理想国是通过辩论的方式最后阐明道理，说明了contradiction的积极作用，寻求理论与实践的结合点，是亚历山大大帝的老师，也认为教育是需要全面的Darwin & Henslow布鲁诺 & CopernicusKarl Marx & EngelsSupport的重要性Louis XVIMarie-AntoinetteOn Louiss accession, France was impoverished and burdened with debts, and heavy taxation had resulted in widespread misery among the French people.Lavish注意对权利的谨慎使用Karl MarxMeticulous background research for Das KapitalMarx lived much of his life in exile and poverty, and his ideas were not widely recognized until after his death.Religion . is the opium of the people.伟人先于时代，创新需要实力，需要研究，其哲学理论也是对黑格尔等人的总结与发展Financial engineering; mechanical engineering; genetic engineering; biochemistry;学科的融合Agnosticism; agnosticFascism; Nazism; fascist; followers of Hitler; partisan过分的loyaltyextreme nationalismNationalism, in modern history, movement in which the nation-state is regar