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全套含CAD图纸、说明书
轿车前门内板焊装夹具设计
CAD图纸全套
轿车前门内板焊装夹具设计【
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夹具设计【含全套CAD图纸
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夹具设计【全套含CAD图纸
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SY-025-BY-2毕业设计(论文)任务书学生姓名系部汽车与交通工程学院专业、班级 指导教师姓名职称教授从事专业车辆工程是否外聘是否题目名称轿车前门内板焊装夹具设计一、设计(论文)目的、意义汽车制造水平对汽车工业的发展起着至关重要的作用,就我国目前我国的汽车生产水平而言,除了从国外引进的一部分先进技术和工装设备外,整体水平还很低。其中较为突出的是在汽车装焊工艺方面自动化程度比较低。汽车焊装夹具可以保证和提高汽车产品质量,提高劳动生产率,改善劳动生产条件,降低产品制造成本,提高装焊自动化程度。因此汽车焊装夹具设计水平的提高成为一个提高汽车制造业水平的有效途径,受到国内外汽车行业的广泛关注。合理的设计焊装夹具是保证焊接质量、提高劳动生产率、减轻工人劳动强度、降低车身制造成本的根本途径。二、设计(论文)内容、技术要求(研究方法)设计内容:1.选题的背景、目的及意义;2.焊装夹具设计方法步骤研究;3.轿车前门内板焊装工艺分析;4.焊装夹具的夹紧位置及定位方式;5.焊装夹具结构设计;6.CAD绘制夹具图纸;7.撰写设计说明书。技术要求:1.设计轿车前门内板焊装夹具;2.要求:保证加工质量,设计标准化、系列化;3.生产纲领:成批生产。三、设计(论文)完成后应提交的成果CAD绘制轿车前门内板焊装夹具装配图、零件图折合0号图纸3张以上,设计说明书15000字以上。四、设计(论文)进度安排(1)知识准备、调研、收集资料、完成开题报告 第12周(2.283.11)(2)整理资料、提出问题、撰写设计说明书草稿、轿车前门焊装工艺分析 第35周(3.144.1)(3)理论联系实际、分析问题、解决问题,分析焊装夹具的夹紧位置及定位方式,焊装夹具结构设计,CAD绘制夹具装配草图等部分设计内容,中期检查 第68周(4.44.22)(4)改进完成设计,改进完成设计说明书,指导教师审核,学生修改 第912周(4.255.20)(5)评阅教师评阅、学生修改 第13周(5.235.27) (6)毕业设计预答辩 第14周(5.306.3)(7)毕业设计修改 第1516周(6.66.17)(8)毕业设计答辩 第17周(6.206.24)五、主要参考资料1.杨握铨.汽车装焊技术及夹具设计.北京理工大学出版社2.韩根云.汽车车身焊接夹具的设计.新技术新工艺3.王政,刘萍,焊接工装夹具及变位机械图册.北京:机械工业出版社4.黄天泽,黄金陵主编,汽车车身结构与设计.北京:机械工业出版社5.陈家起,罗虹,张伟编,汽车车身制造工艺学.重庆:重庆大学出版社6.盛步云等,虚拟制造系统中汽车覆盖件焊接夹具设计方法.武汉:武汉汽车工业大学学报7.网络资源,超星数字图书馆8.近几年相关专业CNKI网络期刊等六、备注指导教师签字:年 月 日教研室主任签字: 年 月 日毕业设计(论文)开题报告设计(论文)题目: 轿车前门内板焊装夹具设计 院 系 名 称: 汽车与交通工程学院 专 业 班 级: 学 生 姓 名: 导 师 姓 名: 开 题 时 间: 指导委员会审查意见: 签字: 年 月 日SY-025-BY-3毕业设计(论文)开题报告学生姓名系部汽车与交通工程学院专业、班级指导教师姓名职称教授 从事专业车辆工程是否外聘是否题目名称轿车前门内板焊装夹具设计一、课题研究现状、选题目的和意义1.课题研究现状 (1)汽车工业的发展现状随着国民经济的蓬勃发展,汽车已一跃成为当前极为重要的交通工具。从全世界范围来看,目前还找不出一个无汽车的现代化社会的先例。改革开放以来,我国的汽车工业得到较快的发展,产量,品种,型号日益增多。但由于我国的汽车工业起步较晚,集团化程度不高,其产量,质量与发达国家相比还存在较大的差距,因此面临着国际汽车发展浪潮的机遇和压力。汽车生产制造水平对汽车工业的发展起着至关重要的作用,而汽车产量和质量的提高又涉及到众多的方面,包括原材料,工艺,工装设备和管理水平等等。就我国目前汽车生产水平而言,除某些生产厂或合资厂从国外引进一部分先进技术和工装设备外,不少生产厂生产制造水平很低。较为突出的是在汽车大型覆盖件的冲压工艺及模具,汽车装焊设备及夹具和胎具,汽车涂装等生产技术方面还很落后,它直接影响着生产规模,生产效率和生产质量。尤其是汽车装焊工艺方面自动化程度很低,专业人才紧缺。汽车工业在带动其他各行各业的发展中,已日益显示出极为重要支柱产业的作用。汽车制造水平对汽车工业的发展起着至关重要的作用,就我国目前的汽车生产水平而言,除了从国外引进的一部分先进技术和工装设备外,整体水平还很低,其中较为突出的是在汽车装焊工艺方面自动化程度比较低。(2)汽车焊装夹具在汽车车身制造中的发展汽车车身是汽车的重要组成部分,是整个汽车零部件的载体,它的重量和制造成本占整车的 4060,它通常是由 300500 多个具有复杂空间曲面的薄板冲压。通过装焊、铆接和机械联接等方法而构成一个完整的车体。其中焊接是最主要的联接方法,它直接影响着车身质量、生产率和经济性。在生产线上有 200 个左右的装配工作站进行大批量、快节奏的焊装生产。焊装夹具(welding fixture) 就是为保证焊件尺寸,提高装配效率,防止焊接变形所采用的工艺装备。汽车焊装结构生产中装配和焊接是两个重要的生产环节,完成这两个环节的工艺过程离不开装配夹具和焊装夹具。焊装夹具的种类繁多,因而提高装配精度焊接质量是车身制造的核心工作。在装焊过程中,特别是对于具有基准孔的部分,应使用专用夹具或样板来确定车身的形状、尺寸和相互位置,以保证装配精度。一个完整的轿车装夹定位点达 17002500 个,焊点多达 30004000 个。其中夹具的定位部分需用车身产品的 CAD 数模进行数控加工,使冲压件在装配时很好地与夹具定位面相吻合,以利于焊后的车身符合主模型。因此装焊的质量主要取决于冲压件的精度、夹具精度以及操作的正确与否。轿车车身装配的典型特征之一是柔性薄板冲压件多工位焊装。冲压件偏差和焊装夹具是影响车身尺寸质量的主要因素。在焊装过程中,由于薄板刚性差、易变形,为了保证零部件之间正确的相对位置和焊接间隙,必须通过焊装夹具将其固定。为保证白车身装配尺寸的准确性,最重要的手段就是正确的工装定位。汽车焊装夹具与其他夹具相比,定位单元型面复杂,精度要求高,设计制造难度大。另外,由于汽车零件尺寸大,定位单元无法做成整体结构,一般采用独立的定位板,安装在整体底板上。在夹具使用过程中,如果发生偏移,磨损等现象,将导致零部件扭曲变形,出现定位偏差,引起焊接间隙的变动,最终导致装配尺寸误差和构件受力状态的恶化,直接影响到白车身的质量。焊装夹具的功能是为了实现车身零件的正确匹配,工程上通常从装配精度、缩短制造周期和可调整性等方面来评价汽车焊装夹具设计的好坏。(3)国内外汽车焊装夹具的发展现状围绕着提高产品装配精度这个主题,国内外关于焊装夹具设计的研究主要集中在工件定位的问题上,即选择最优定位点数并确定他们的最佳位置,以实现工件正确的约束定位。另外在此基础上应考虑更多的实际因素,例如焊接偏差、工具磨损等,作为新的约束条件来进行更深一步的研究;焊装夹具可以按照不同的方式来进行分类,按照设计内容包括硬件和软件的设计,其中硬件包括定位件、夹紧机构、导向装置和夹具体。软件包括安装调试手册、调整图等;如果按照设计流程来分,又可以分为概念设计阶段、结构设计阶段和详细优化设计阶段。在汽车焊接流水线上,真正用于焊接操作的工作量仅占 30%40%,而 60%70%的工作是辅助和装夹。焊装夹具的技术水平往往代表着车身制造工艺水平,在现代制造业中, 夹具已成为保证产品质量、实行全面质量管理的重要手段, 在新产品的研制过程中, 夹具对缩短研制周期起着重要作用。夹具的标准化、精密化和柔性化是夹具发展的主要趋势, 也是实现产品更新换代和老产品改造的需要。目前,在汽车制造业中,车身制造质量最好的是日本,其次是德国和美国,与他们相比,我国在这方面存在着较大差距,而工装设计制造水平不高是其中重要的原因。因此提高工装设计与制造水平特别是焊装夹具设计与制造水平是急需解决的问题。2.选题目的和意义汽车焊装夹具多用于焊接薄板,对于薄板冲压件,夹紧力作用点要作用在支承点上,只有对刚性很好的工件才允许作用在几个支承点所组成的平面内,以免夹紧力使工件弯曲或脱离定位基准。夹紧力主要用于保持工件装配的相对位置,克服工件的弹性变形,使其与定位支承或导电电极贴合,对于 1.2mm 厚度以下的钢板,贴合间隙不大于 0.8mm,每个夹紧点的夹紧力一般在 300-750N 范围内;对于 1.5-2.5mm 之间的冲压件,贴合间隙不大于 1.5mm,每个夹紧点的夹紧力在500-3000N 范围内。因装夹是在焊装夹具上完成的,所以夹具在整个焊接流程中起着重要作用。在焊接过程中,合理的夹具结构,有利于合理安排流水线生产,便于平衡工位时间,降低非生产用时。对具有多种车型的企业,如能科学地考虑共用或混合型夹具,还有利于建造混合型流水线,提高生产效率。汽车焊装夹具是对车身冲压零件进行装配焊接的专用工艺装置,是汽车制造过程中直接影响产量、质量的关键设备。合理的设计焊装夹具是保证焊接质量、提高劳动生产率、减轻工人劳动强度、降低车身制造成本的根本途径。汽车焊装夹具可以保证和提高汽车产品质量,提高劳动生产率,提高装焊自动化程度。因此汽车焊装夹具设计水平的提高成为一个提高汽车制造业水平的有效途径,受到国内外汽车行业的的广泛关注。保证焊件质量,生产效率高,使用安全可靠,制造成本低等这些要求,在夹具设计时应尽可能的促其实现,实际上这些要求已经成为评定夹具设计优劣的标准。总而言之,汽车装焊夹具在汽车制造技术中处着举足轻重的地位,因此设计出合理而先进的焊装夹具对汽车工业的发展有着实际的意义。二、设计(论文)的基本内容、拟解决的主要问题1.设计(论文)的基本内容(1)选题的背景、目的及意义;(2)焊装夹具设计方法步骤研究;(3)轿车前门内板焊装工艺分析;(4)焊装夹具的夹紧位置及定位方式;(5)焊装夹具结构设计;(6)CAD绘制夹具图纸。2.拟解决的主要问题 (1)焊接工艺的分析; (2)工件定位夹紧方式的确定;(3)夹具单元的布置方案。三、技术路线(研究方法)分析任务书和设计资料轿车前门内板焊装工艺分析夹具设计的技术条件车门的材料装配焊接夹具的设计要求焊点布置原则结构开敞性装配焊接夹具的分类焊接接头型式精度合理性夹具的设计基准完成设计说明书定位元件及夹紧元件基板旋转及翻转机构完成装配图和零件图四、进度安排(1)知识准备、调研、收集资料、完成开题报告 第12周(2.283.11)(2)整理资料、提出问题、撰写设计说明书草稿、轿车前门焊装工艺分析 第35周(3.144.1)(3)理论联系实际、分析问题、解决问题,分析焊装夹具的夹紧位置及定位方式,焊装夹具结构设计,CAD绘制夹具装配草图等部分设计内容,中期检查 第68周(4.44.22)(4)改进完成设计,改进完成设计说明书,指导教师审核,学生修改 第912周(4.255.20)(5)评阅教师评阅、学生修改 第13周(5.235.27) (6)毕业设计预答辩 第14周(5.306.3)(7)毕业设计修改 第1516周(6.66.17)(8)毕业设计答辩 第17周(6.206.24)五、参考文献1杨握铨.汽车装焊技术及夹具设计.北京理工大学出版社,1996.18雷玉成,于治水.焊接成型技术.化学工业出版社,2004.19张迪妮.先进制造技术M. 北京大学出版社,2006.3王政,刘萍.焊接工装夹具及变位机械图册.北京:机械工业出版社,2006.4黄天泽.黄金陵主编,汽车车身结构与设计.北京:机械工业出版社,2005.5宋晓琳.汽车车身制造工艺学. 北京理工大学出版社,2006.6成大先主编.机械设计手册,第五版,第一卷,北京:化学工业出版社,2008.7闻邦椿主编.机械设计手册,第五版,第一卷,北京:机械工业出版社,2010.8胡敏.轿车车体装偏差研究方法综述J. 汽车与配件, 2007, (34) _2 .9史丰荣,韩华伟,周维华等.焊装夹具方案设计智能CAD技术研究 J .中国工程机械学报, 2010,08 (2) .10 莫泽文,刘俊华,池源等.柔性焊装夹具的设计及制造 A . 2008年中国汽车工程学会年会论文集C .2008 .12姚春玲,张俊华.汽车车身焊装夹具的三维设计.制造也自动化,2009,7(31).13吕毅,周华.汽车焊接拼台上的气路系统设计及管路布置浅谈 J.装备制造技术,2008,(3) _4. 14徐杰,雷刚.轿车车门焊点布置优化设计及仿真分析A.重庆工学院学报,2009,23(11).15林忠钦.汽车车身制造质量控制技术M.北京:机械工业出版社,2005.16席升印.基于实例的车身总拼柔性夹具方案设计研究硕士学位论文.上海;上海交通大学,2008.16汪文芳.轿车车身尺寸控制与夹具工艺设计分析硕士学位论文.武汉;武汉理工大学,2010.17佟静.RPS 理论在车门上的应用硕士学位论文.吉林;吉林大学,2003.2 王毅,杨建国等.可重构新型汽车车身焊接夹具设计 J .机械设计与制造,2008,(9) _2.20Ceglarek, D., W. Huang, S. Zhou, Y. Ding, R. Kumar, and Y. Zhou., Time-Based Competition in Multistage Manufacturing: Stream-of-Variation Analysis (SOVA) MethodologyReview. InternationalJournal of Flexible Manufacturing Systems ,2004 ,16: 1144.六、备注指导教师意见:签字: 年 月 日黑龙江工程学院本科生毕业设计 I 摘 要 焊装是汽车制造的四大工艺之一,焊装生产系统的快速高效建造是汽车制造业快 速响应市场需求的重要条件之一。夹具在汽车焊装线上占有相当大的比例,它的设计 制造精度和进度直接影响汽车的制造精度和生产周期。 以车门为例,车门内板的焊装质量更直接地影响整个车身的装配精度,这只能用 合格的焊装夹具来解决。针对轿车前车门内板焊装夹具的设计任务书,研究了车门的 结构和装配特点,制定了焊装生产系统的工艺流程。根据汽车焊装夹具的设计原理及 焊装精度控制方法,系统的进行了轿车前门内板焊装夹具的设计。通过对车门内板焊 装工艺的分析,设计了基板、安装板、连接板、定位元件、夹紧机构、旋转机构,合 理的选配了气缸、L 型板、圆柱销与菱形销。利用零件本身冲压出来的凸台和凹坑进 行定位,气动夹紧机构进行夹紧,完成了门窗加强板、防撞杆、车门内板三个件焊装 夹具的总体设计。 关键词关键词:车门内板;焊装夹具;连接板;夹紧机构;防撞杆 黑龙江工程学院本科生毕业设计 II ABSTRACT Welding assembly is one of the four techniques used by automotive manufacturing industry. Effective and rapid development of its production system means one of important conditions for the industrys quick satisfaction to market demand. Clamps are extensively used in the welding assembly, its precision and progress can directly affect automotive manufacturing precision and production period. The door, for example, the welding quality of inner door panels directly affects the entire bodys assembly accuracy, which only can be resolved by qualified welding fixture. Based on the assignment of the design of automobiles front door inner panel welding- installation, I researched the vehicle structure and assembly characteristics, and established welding-installation production systems process. According to the principle of designing automobile and the method of controlling welding assembling accuracy , automobiles front door inner panel welding-installation was systematically designed . After analyzing the welding process of door inner plate, designing substrate, install board ,connection board, positioning original, clamping institution , rotating mechanism, I choosed the appropriate cylinder、L board 、cylindrical pin and diamond pin. Positioned by pits and bosses on the parts stamped by their own and clamped by pneumatic clamping mechanism, the designs of welding assembling fixture of windows reinforcing plate、impact-proof stem、automobile inner door panel were completed. Key Words:Inner Door ; Welding Fixture; Connection Board; Clamping Institution; Impact-Proof Stem 黑龙江工程学院本科生毕业设计 目 录 摘要I Abstract.II 第 1 章 绪论.1 1.1 目的及意义1 1.2 汽车制造业与车身制造的关系1 1.3 汽车焊装夹具在汽车车身制造中的发展2 1.4 国内外汽车焊装夹具的发展现状3 1.5 车门内板焊装夹具的技术要求及设计内容3 第 2 章 汽车车身焊装技术.4 2.1 白车身的概念.4 2.2 车身尺寸偏差的形成5 2.3 车身焊装工艺设计6 2.3.1 流程图设计7 2.3.2 焊点描述.8 2.3.3 焊钳的选型8 2.3.4 焊装工艺卡.8 2.3.5 车身的工艺设计应该注意的一些问题9 2.4 车身焊装夹具的结构、定位及夹紧的特点.9 2.4.1 车身焊装夹具的结构特点.9 2.4.2 车身焊装夹具的定位特点.9 2.4.3 车身焊装夹具的夹紧特点.10 2.5 车身焊装夹具的精度控制及设计的模块化.10 2.5.1 车身焊装夹具的精度控制.10 2.5.2 车身焊装夹具设计的模块化11 2.6 本章小结11 第 3 章 车门内板焊接设备.12 黑龙江工程学院本科生毕业设计 3.1 电阻焊的分类.12 3.1.1 点焊.12 3.1.2 缝焊.13 3.1.3 凸焊.14 3.1.4 对焊.14 3.2 电阻焊的优缺点.14 3.2.1 电阻焊的优点.14 3.2.2 电阻焊的缺点.15 3.3 电阻焊对金属材料焊接性的要求.15 3.3.1 金属材料点焊、缝焊的特点15 3.3.2 低碳钢的焊接16 3.4 电阻焊设备18 3.4.1 焊机的分类与要求18 3.4.2 点焊机.19 3.4.3 移动式点焊机.20 3.5 本章小结22 第 4 章 轿车车门内板焊装工艺.23 4.1 前车门结构及其装配过程.23 4.1.1 前车门总成及其装配过程.23 4.1.2 前车门内板总成及其装配过程.23 4.2 前车门内板的材料24 4.2.1 各汽车厂用钢板型号24 4.2.2 车门内板材料.26 4.3 焊接接头的型式.26 4.4 焊点的布置原则.27 4.4.1 焊点的形状与尺寸27 4.4.2 点焊的基本要求.27 4.4.3 焊点的布置28 4.4.4 点焊的顺序29 4.5 结构的开敞性.29 4.6 精度的合理性.29 4.7 本章小结30 黑龙江工程学院本科生毕业设计 第 5 章 夹具的总体设计31 5.1 焊接夹具的分类及设计要求31 5.1.1 焊接夹具的分类.31 5.1.2 焊接夹具的设计要求32 5.2 焊接夹具设计流程图32 5.3 定位夹紧元件的设计32 5.4 点焊钳的选择34 5.5 主要零件设计说明.36 5.5.1 夹紧单元(POST)36 5.5.2 L-型板36 5.5.3 支撑板(连接板)36 5.5.4 压头37 5.5.5 夹紧块37 5.5.6 调整垫片及限位板37 5.5.7 定位销38 5.5.8 基板38 5.5.9 旋转机构.39 5.6 相关计算.39 5.6.1 压转臂张开角计算39 5.6.2 气缸夹紧力计算40 5.7 本章小结.42 结论.43 参考文献44 致谢.46 附录.47 黑龙江工程学院本科生毕业设计 1 附 录附录A 英文文献On Welding-Installation Fixtures Design of Sheet StampingAbstract: Due to forming error and compliance of stamp-ing, the fixture design of sheet stamping assembly is different from the fixture design of common machining component. In recent years, the new principles and algorithms of fixture design of sheet stamping have been developed. In the paper, the concept of shape closure and force closure, screw theory were firstly introduced. Secondly, the deterministic locating and total fixturing conditions were derived. Thirdly, an “N-2-1”locating principle and optimal design method for sheet stamping were described. Finally, the varia-tional method of robust fixture configuration design for 3-D workpieces was discussed. It can be predicated that the locating error can be reduced by this method.Key Words: Fixture; Sheet Stamping; Optimal Design; Ro-Bust DesignDue to its high productivity and material utilization, stamping is widely used in automobiles, aircraft, and various household appliances manufacturing industry. The welding assembly of stamping becomes the key process of those products manufacturing, because welding fixture not only affects the performance of productivity, but also is directly related to the quality of the product. Statistics from the U.S. auto industry show that 72% of the body manufacturing errors are from the position error of welding fixture, so how to effectively reduce and control the positioning error is essential to improve the welding quality. Sheet stamping assembly is significantly different from general machining, which not only meets the common requirements of precise positioning, but also gives full consideration to the easy deformation of sheet metal parts and stamping manufacturing characteristics of large deviations to adapt the products quality requirements. Over the last decade, many scholars working in the design of sheet stamping assembly have proposed design theories and methods of some new sheet stamping assembly, and achieved remarkable results. At first, this paper introduces the research progress of fixture design, and then systematically elaborates the N-2-1 locating principle of fixture and the methods of optimal design and robust design, finally makes the conclusion.Manufacturing process (such as machining, welding, assembly and testing, etc.), the fixture is used in three-dimensional positioning and clamping device. The central problem of fixture design is to choose the optimal positioning points and determine their best position to achieve the determine constraints positioning of work piece. If the work piece can be full restriction depending on the geometry of contact area will, we called it shape closed; If it also have to be fully bound with friction, we called it force closure. Generally, shape closure stresses dynamic analysis, but force closure focuses on the work piece of static stability. In 1885, Reuleaux first studied the mechanism of two-dimensional objects shape closure, and proved that the formation of two-dimensional objects shape closure need four anchor points 2. After that Somoff proved the formation of three-dimensional objects shape closure need seven anchor points. In 1978, Lakshminarayana 3 further proved the formation of three-dimensional objects shape closure need at least seven anchor points in the perspective of static equilibrium using algebraic theory In 1988, Nguyen researched the mechanism of the machine hands force closure 4, and in 1989 Asada and Kitagawa 5 researched the machine hands shape closure which used for convex and concave parts Generally six positioning principles requires clamping force to make work piece fully constrained, so usually it is force closure.Over the last decade, the spiral theory” widely used in fixture design, which describes the three-dimensional motion as translating along one direction and rotating around this axis. Originally spiral theory proposed by Ball 6, and developed by literature 7 and 8. According to spiral theory, literature 9 studied seven different types of finger contact, and suggested using finger-like shape to completely fix objects. Literature 10 using the extended spiral theory analyzed that rigid bodys full or part restriction exist frictional clamp. Literature 11 proposed mathematical theory of fixtures automatic layout for prismatic work pieces. Literature 12 discussed the ability of different fixtures position contact preventing work pieces from spiral movement, and proposed a restrict method of work piece movement for the fixture design. Using small spiral model literature 13 discussed the positioning errors of fixture impact work pieces geometry accuracy. Literature 14 researched surface contact and friction problems in the analysis of fixture restriction. Considering dynamic constraints, completely clamping, and tool path errors, literature 15 developed fixture design and analysis software. It can be said that spiral theory of fixture design has been used for determining position, full clamping, contact type, and friction problems and achieved remarkable results.Lots of literatures focus on the fixture design of rigid pieces, but the fixture design of flexible sheet pieces is rarely involved, especially considering the deformation of the work piece under processing loads is almost none. In fact, as in the aviation industry and the automotive industry, the deformation of sheet may result in serious bias. For easily deformed sheet, positioning fixture not only has basic functions that limiting rigid body motion, but also must be able to limit excessive deformation of the work piece. The research that earlier considering the rigidity of work pieces or fixture positing cell will be found in the literature 16 based on the experimental results they studied fixture stiffness and wears effects on the size accuracy. Literature 17 proposed a finite element model of the fixture system for flexible positioning fixture, and the power in process of processing can be seen as the force acting on the node. Based on this model, you can calculate the deformation of the work piece, the clamping force, stress distribution and friction between the work piece and fixture positioning units contact points can be calculated by Coulombs law. Although by considering the deformation of the work piece and the finite element analysis this area have been promoted, but it has neither proposed any specific positing principle, nor proposed positioning scheme for flexible sheet. In addition, this model does not combine the finite element analysis results of the work piece with the fixture design; it is more than the analysis of the work piece other than fixture design. Literature 18 proposed a analysis method of sheet fixture positing, they studied the fixture positioning system using the case and flat three-point and four-point to posit, so the fixture layout must make the stress in the work pieces below the yield stress. However, this method does not solve the essential problem of sheet fixture, because reducing deformation is the key to the positioning of sheet. Based on literature 17, literature 19 continued further study, that using the finite element modeling to choose fixture layout makes the deformation minimum in the first base-level. To determine the optimal fixture layout, using quasi-Newton optimization algorithm makes the deformation squares on the finite element mesh of the key nodes minimum. Design variables are the three anchor points on the first base required by 3-2-1 principle.Sheet stamping assembly fixtures are widely used in automobiles, aircraft and household appliances industries, whose design quality directly affects the entire product manufacturing deviations. Due to sheet metal stampings characteristic of flexibility and manufacturing variations, the principle of traditional fixture design can not meet the design requirements, although the research of fixture design is already quite mature and the positioning principle of rigid part and the spiral theory has been in-depth study. N-2-1 Location principle, for the characteristic of easy deformation on the horizontal of Sheet Metal Stamping, presents that when the number of anchor points is more than 3 in the first base surface, position effect depends not only on the number of anchor points, but also on the arrangement of the anchor points. Apart from that, it proposes the finite element analysis and the design of nonlinear programming method of the anchor, which provides theoretical basis and design methods for the design of sheet welding fixture. Because of the larger manufacture size deviation of sheet metal parts and the remarkable effect of the choice of anchor position for position deviation, robust fixture design can significantly improve the positioning error. Therefore, during the design of sheet welding fixture, implementing the N-2-1 location principle and robust design method is extremely important. It has been proved to have a multiplier effect.References1Li B, Tang H, Yang X,et al.Quality Design of Fixture Planning for Sheet Metal Assembly J .International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2007,32 (7-8):690-697.2Ceglarek D, Shi J. Dimensional Variation Reduction for Automotive Body Assembly J.Manufacturing Review, 1995,8(2):139-154.3Ceglarek D, Shi J. Fixture Failure Diagnosis for Autobody Assembly Using Pattern RecognitionJ.ASME Journal of Engineering Industry,1996,118(1):55-66.4Apley D, Shi J. Diagnosis of Multiple Fixture Faults in Panel AssemblyJ.ASME Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering,1998,120(4):793-801.5Chang M, Gossard D C. Computational Method forDiagnosis of Variation-related Assembly Problems J . International Journal of Production Research,1998,36 (11):2985-2995.6Liu Y, Hu S. Assembly Fixture Fault Diagnosis Using Designated Component Analysis J.ASME Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engine ering,2005,127(2): 358-368.7Khan A, Ceglarek D, Shi J,et al.Sensor Optimization for Fault Diagnosis in Single Fixture Systems: a Methodology J .ASME Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering,1999,121(1):109-117.8Djurdjanovic D, Ni J. Stream of Variation Based Analysis and Synthesis of Measurement Schemes in Multi-station Machining Systems C . Proceedings of the ASME International Mechamical Engineering Congress and Exposition, New York,2001,12:297-304.9Ding Y, Kim P, Ceglarek D,et al.Optimal Sensor Distribution for Variation Diagnosis for Multi-station Assembly ProcessesJ.IEEE Transactions of Robotics andAutomation,2003,19(4):543-556.10Camelio J A, Hu S. Sensor Placement for Effective Diagnosis of Multiple Faults in Fixturing of Compliant Parts J.ASME Journal of Manufacturing Science andEngineering,2005,127(1):68-74.11Li B, Yang J, Ding H. A Rapid Location and State Memory Fixture System for Arbitrarily PartJ.Journal of Donghua University,2000,17(3):27-31.12Wang Q, Yang J, Li B. Application and Realization of Rapid Searching Technology in the RL&SM Universal Fixture SystemJ.Journal of Donghua University,2002, 19(3):19-22.13Wang Y, Li B, Yang J. Investigation on Dimensional Error Compensation for Single Sheet Metal Assembly StationC. Proceedings of ICMEM, Wuxi, China,2007:699-703.14Cai W, Hu S, Yuan J. Deformable Sheet Metal Fixturing: Principles, Algorithms, and SimulationsJ.ASME Journalof Manufacturing Science and Engineering,1996,118(3): 318-324. 367Journal of Donghua University (Eng. Ed.) Vol.26, No.4(2009)附录B 文献翻译薄板冲压件焊装夹具设计方法摘要:由于薄板冲压件的易变形性和制造误差特征,薄板焊装夹具设计显著区别于普通机械加工工件定位夹具。本文首先介绍了夹具设计的形闭合与力闭合概念、螺旋理论的发展,给出了确切定位和完全夹紧条件;然后,重点阐述了面
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