连接代词that和what引导名词性从句的用法比较.doc

连接代词that和what引导名词性从句的用法比较 ( 2008-1-29 16:51 )先看下面一道单项选择题：_impressed me most was _such a little boy could play the violin so well.A. That; what B. What; that C. That; that D. What; what很明显，这道题考查的知识要点是名词性从句。名词性从句是高中阶段的重要语法项目之一，也是历年高考英语试题考查的重要语法项目之一，是高中阶段的重点，也是难点，尤其对于连接代词that 和what 的用法, 不少学生感到十分困惑，做题几乎是靠“蒙”来寻求答案。以这道题为例，第一空是what 引导的主语从句，并在主语从句中作主语；第二空是that 引导的表语从句，that在表语从句中不能省略，不作成分，也没词义。虽然that 和what 都可以引导名词性从句,但他们在句子中的语法功能截然不同。下面我们结合2005年和2006年全国及各省市高考英语试题中that 与 what 的相关题目对二者在引导名词性从句时的用法加以比较和区别。一2006年全国及各省市高考英语试题中that 与 what 的相关题目1. - What did your parents think about your decision?- They always let me do I think I should.A. when B. that C. how D. what ( 全国II T16 ) 解析：这一题的正确答案是D。what 在本题中引导名词性从句并作动词do 的宾语。2Engines are to machines hearts are to animals. A. as B. that C. what D. which ( 山东 T23 )解析：这一题的正确答案是C。本题汉语意思为“发动机对于机器正如心脏对于动物一样”。该句式是一个固定句型，其基本结构是“A is to B what C is to D ”。在这个句型结构中，what 引导的表语从句作第一个are 的表语，同时what 在表语从句中又作表语。3. With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased he was a man of action. A. which B. that C. what D. whether ( 湖南 T34 ) 解析：这一题的正确答案是B。本题考查宾语从句的用法，因从句he was a man of action 为主系表结构，不缺少句子成分，且表达肯定意义，所以此空应填入连词that, that 只起连接作用，不作句子成分。4- Its thirty years since we last met. - But I still remember the story, believe it or not, we got lost on a rainy night.A. which B. that C. what D. when ( 四川 T30 ) 解析：这一题的正确答案是B。本题考查that 引导的同位语从句的用法，两个逗号之间的部分believe it or not 为插入语，因空的后面是一个语法意义上完整的句子，可以断定这是一个以that 引导的同位语从句。A 项which 引导定语从句在从句中要作成分；C项What 引导名词性从句时意思是 “-的东西/事情/人/时间/地点等”，等同于定语从句中的“先行词 + that ”，本句中已有先行词 the story, 如选 what造成语意的重复；D项when 引导定语从句从句缺少表时间的先行词。二that 引导的名词性从句首先，在引导名词性从句时，that 一般具有不可省略性。连接代词that除引导第一个宾语从句时可以省略外，引导其他各类名词性从句皆不能省略。例如： It is required in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account. ( 2005 天津 ) - Dont you think it necessary that he not be sent to Miami but to New York? - I agree, but the problem is that he has refused to. ( 2005 江苏 ) There is much chance that Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race. ( 2006 天津 T14 ) Our English teacher told us (that) we all did very well in the examination and that ten of us got full mark.以上四个句子中，that 分别引导主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句和宾语从句，除在第四个例句中第一个that 可以省略外，其他的that 均不可省略。其次，在引导名词性从句时，that不作句子中的任何成分。例如： Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class that he had to meet his uncle at the airport. ( 2006 重庆 T33 )该句中，that引导同位语从句，但在句中不作任何成分。 It is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy. ( 2006 浙江 T4 )该句中，it 是形式主语，that引导的主语从句才是整个句子的真正主语，that在句中不作任何成分。最后，在引导名词性从句时，that没有任何词汇意义。 A warm thought suddenly came to me that I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday. ( 2006 安徽 T29 ) Danby left word with my secretary that he would call again in the afternoon. ( 2005浙江) 在以上两个考例中，that仅起引导同位语从句的作用，没有任何词汇意义。综上所述，that 在引导名词性从句时具有三大特点：不可省略，不作成分，没有词义。三 what引导的名词性从句首先，what 引导名词性从句时，what 在句中不省略。这一用法与that引导名词性从句时的用法不尽相同。 He spoke proudly of his part in the game, without mentioning what his teammates had done. （ 2006 上海 T39 ）what 在该句中引导宾语从句，what 不可省略。 Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer what it was 20 years ago, when it was so poorly equipped. ( 2005 安徽 )what在该句中引导表语从句，但在句中不可省略。其次，what 引导名词性从句时，具有词汇意义。这是what 与that 引导名词性从句的重要区别之一，What 一般指“-的东西/事情/人/时间/地点等”。例如： Do you have any idea what is actually going on in the classroom? (2005 辽宁 )what在该句中引导同位语从句并作这个同位语从句的主语，词义为“-的东西、事情”，整个句子的汉语意思是“你知道教室里到底发生了什么事”。 It is what you do rather than what you say that matters. ( 2005 天津 ) 这是一个强调句型，被强调的部分是由what引导的两个主语从句，what在句中的词义为“-的东西、事情”，整个句子的汉语意思是“关键要看你做什么而不是说什么”。最后，what 引导名词性从句时不仅只起引导作用，同时还要作句中的某个句法成分。这一点是what 在引导名词性从句时与that 用法区别的关键所在。 I just wonder that makes him so excited.A. why it does B. what he does C. how it is D. what it is （ 2006 山东 T32 ） 这一题的正确答案是D,是一个强调句型作宾语的典型考例，被强调的成分what 在句中不仅只起引导宾语从句的作用，同时在宾语从句中作makes 的主语。 A modern city has been set up in what was a wasteland ten years ago. ( 2004 天津 )在这个句子中，what 引导的从句作了介词in 的宾语，同时what 又在宾语从句中充当主语，意思是“的地方”。值得注意的是，在引导名词性从句时，that 引导的句子一般不作介词的宾语，相反，由what 引导的句子作介词宾语的情况显得更为常见。例如： The other day, my brother drove his car down the street a