仁爱英语八年级上册稿件Unit4.doc

Unit 4 Our WorldTopic 1 Which do you like better, plants or animals?Section A【重点单词和短语】1. think about 考虑2. enjoy the beauties of nature 享受大自然的美景3. on the farm 在农场上4. enjoy the beauty of nature 享受大自然5. chat with 与聊天【自主学习】不规则名词的复数。sheep-sheep (绵羊)goose-geese (鹅)mouse-mice (老鼠，鼠标)如：Look at this picture. There are many sheep on the hill. There are ten geese in the river and three mice in the tree. 看这张图画，山上有许多绵羊，河里有十只鹅，树上有三只老鼠。Section B【重点短语】1. take photos/pictures 照相2. talk about 谈论3. talk with/to 与交谈4. give sb. joy 给某人乐趣5. play with 与玩6. bothand 和都；两者都7. as we knowit is well known that众所周知8. share with . 与分享9. different kinds of 不同种类的10. feed on 以为食11. in the future 在将来12. be important to/for sb. 对来说很重要【自主学习】1. They give us joy. 它们给我们带来了乐趣。joy 不可数名词，意为“欢欣，喜悦”。如：There were tears of joy in her eyes. 她眼里噙着喜悦的泪水。拓展：(1) to sb.s joy 让某人高兴的是。如：To my joy, he passed the English exam. 令我高兴的是，他英语考试及格了。(2) jump for joy 高兴地跳起来。如：They jumped for joy when they heard the good news. 当他们听到那个好消息时，高兴得跳了起来。3. Insects feed on plants. 昆虫以植物为食。feed v. 喂，养。feed on 以为食。如：People in the south feed on rice. 南方人以米饭为食。拓展：(1) feed sth. on sb./sth. 把喂给吃。如：She fed milk to the baby. 她喂奶给孩子吃。(2) feed sb./sth. with sth. 拿来喂，with可以换成on。如：The children was feeding the monkey with/on a banana. 孩子们正用香蕉喂猴子。Section C【重点短语】1. thousands of 成千上万的2. lots of=a lot of=plenty of 许多3. the lungs of the earth 地球之肺4. control the climate 控制气候5. be necessary for 对必要6. provide sb. with sth. =provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物7. different kinds of 不同种类的8. play an important part in doing sth. 在做某事方面扮演重要角色9. die out 灭绝，消失10. all living things 所有的生物11. on earth 究竟；在地球上【自主学习】1. Rainforests cover 6% of the earths surface. 热带雨林覆盖地球表面的百分之六。(1) cover v. 覆盖。如：Water covers most parts of the earth. 水覆盖着地球大部分地区。拓展：coverwith 用覆盖 如：They covered her with a blanket. 他们给她盖上毛毯。cover n. 封面，封底。from cover to cover 从头到尾。如：Her face was on the cover of every magazine. 她登上了各杂志的封面。He always reads the newspaper from cover to cover. 他总是把报纸从头到尾看一遍。(2) 百分数的读法：先读基数词，再读百分号“%”(percent) 。如：6%读作six percent. (3) surface n. 表面，表层。构成的词组有：on the surface 表面上，从外表看。如：On the surface, he appeared unchanged. 看外表，他好像没变。2. But now, rainforests are becoming smaller and smaller, so we should protect them. 但是现在雨林变得越来越小。因此，我们应该保护它们。 “单音节形容词比较级+and+单音节形容词比较级”表示“越来越”。如：smaller and smaller“越来越小”；bigger and bigger “越来越大”。“more and more +多音节形容词的原级”也表示“越来越”。如：She became more and more interested in music. 她对音乐越来越感兴趣了。拓展：“the +形容词比较级，the +形容词比较级”表示“越就越”。如：The more, the better. 越多越好。The busier he is, the happier he feels. 他越忙越快乐。Pandas have less and less land to live on. 熊猫可以居住的地方越来越少。The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make. 越仔细，你就越少出差错。Section D【重点短语】1. in the forest 在森林里2. less and less 越来越少3. blue whale 蓝鲸4. in danger 处于危险中 out of danger 脱离危险5. in the south of 在的南方6. feed on 以为食【语法必会】形容词的比较级和最高级用法1.单音节形容词的比较级和最高级规则变化：比较级构成有特点，一般词尾把-er添；如果末尾有个e, 后面直接加上-r;辅音字母加上y, 把y改为-ier;一辅重读闭音节，末尾辅音要双写。最高级要加-est， 前面加the莫忘记。形容词若是多音节，more, most前面写。【说明】a. 一般在词尾加上-er, -est.如：tall-taller-tallest.b. 以字母e结尾的加-r, -st. 如：nice-nicer-nicest c. 以“辅音字母+ y” 结尾的双音节词，先变y为i, 再加-er, -est. 如：happy-happier-happiest d. 一辅重读闭音节，末尾辅音要双写。指重读闭音节词，词末只有一个辅音字母，这类词一般以“辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母”结尾，而且中间的元音字母应单独发音，则应先双写这个辅音字母，再加-er, -est. 如：big-bigger-biggest thin-thinner-thinnestfat-fatter-fattest hot-hotter-hottest 2.形容词副词比较等级不规则变化口诀坏病两多并两好。小的旧的和年长。远的farther和further【说明】坏病：指bad/ill/badly-worse-worst 两多：指many/much-more-most 两好：指good/well-better-best小的：指little-less-least 旧的：指old-older-older 年长：指old-elder-eldest远点：far-farther/further-farthest/furthest3. 形容词的比较级和最高级。多音节形容词及部分双音节形容词在其前加上more和most构成其比较级和最高级，形容词最高级前必须加上定冠词the。如：important-more important-most importantbeautiful-more beautiful-most beautifulTigers are more dangerous than foxes. 老虎比狐狸更危险。Mr. Gao is the most popular of all the teachers. 高老师在所有老师中是最受欢迎的。I think animals are more interesting.我认为动物更有趣。I think roses are the most beautiful of all the flowers.我认为玫瑰花在所有的花中最漂亮。4. 巧记比较等级用法口诀判断三级有窍门，句中标志来找寻。very, quite, so, as与too, 形副原级紧跟后。两者相比比较级，常见than词在句中。much, a lot, a little, even要注意，它们也用比较级。三者（以上）作比较，in / of短语范围表。例句：That girl is very beautiful. 那个女孩很漂亮。In the countryside, the air is fresher, the sky is bluer, and there are also greener trees and clearer rivers. 在乡村，空气更清新，天空更蓝，并且也有更绿的树和更清澈的河流。Im much faster than you. 我比你快得多。And Im the biggest of all. 我是所有之中最大的。5.常用句型结构口诀两者比较比较级，三者以上最高级。若是两者一个样，原级用在asas间。甲不如乙来加not, 意义与less than无差别。程度递增“越来越”， and连接比较级。若是遇见多音节，more and more 要牢记。两种情况同时变，the more the better来呈现。【说明】表示比较的句型有：（1）甲=乙，即“as+原级+as”，意思是“与一样”。（2）甲乙，即“not as/so+原级+as”，或“less +原级+than”，意思是“与不一样”“不及”。（3）甲乙或甲乙，即“比较级+than”，意思是“比”。（4）比较级+and+比较级，表示“越来越”，常用于单音节的形容词比较级。（5）“more and more +多音节形容词”，也表示“越来越”。（6）“the +比较级，the +比较级”，表示两种情况同时变化，意思是“越，越”。（7）“the +比较级+of the two”, 表示“两者中较的一个”。（8）“the + 最高级+ in/of短语”，表示三者或三者以上比较，意思是“最”。（9）最高级=比较级+than +any other+名词单数【典型例题】(1) Lucy is as tall as her mother. 露西与她妈妈一样高。 This room is twice as big as that one. 这个房间是那个房间的两部大。 (2) I dont think English is as difficult as math. 我认为英语不如数学难。 同义句为：I think English is less difficult than math. 或 I think math is more difficult than English.(3) My classmate runs faster than I/me. 我的同学比我跑得快。(4) I believe our country will become stronger and stronger. 我相信我们的国家会变得越来越强大。(5) The harder you study, the more progress youll make. 你越努力，你进步越大。 The busier he is, the happier he feels. 他越忙，越感到快乐。(6) Look! She is becoming more and more beautiful. 请看，她变得越来越漂亮了。(7) He is the taller of the two brothers. 他是两兄弟中较高的一个。(8) Mary draws best of all the girls. 玛丽是所有女孩中画画最好的一个。(9) Jim is the most careful boy in his class.=Jim is more careful than any other boy in his class. 吉姆是班上最细心的男孩。Topic 2 How can we protect ourselves from the earthquake? Section A【重点短语】1. take the place of 代替（动词短语）2. be sure to do sth. 确信做某事3. repair=mend=fix up 修理4. in 20 years 20年后5. fall down 倒下，摔倒6. lose one life/lives 丧生7. protect from 保护免受的伤害8. call for help=ask for help 寻求帮助【词语区别】1. repair与mendrepair修理，修缮。用来指大件的修缮，较复杂的修理，如房屋、桥梁、汽车、电视等，强调“修”。如： repair machines 维修机器，repair the building 修缮建筑物mend: 修理，修补。指修补被破损的小东西，强调“补”。如：mend shoes 补鞋，mend roads 修路。很多情况下两者可以互换。2. work与job(1) job 工作，零工（可数名词）。如：Many people lost their jobs. 许多人失业了。Robots can do many kinds of jobs. 机器人能做很多种工作。(2) work 工作（不可数名词）。如：Can you do the work alone? 这活儿你一个人干得了吗？Robots can do dangerous work. 机器人能做危险的工作。work 还可用作动词，意为“动作，运转；起作用”。如：The computer doesnt work. 电脑坏了。work还有“作品”的意思，是可数名词。如：I like Lu Xuns works best. 我最喜欢鲁迅的作品。Section B【重点短语】1. walk toward 走向2. the bus stop 公共汽车站3. look like 看起来像4. get information about 得到关于的信息5. make mistakes 犯错误6. no at all 根本不，一点也不7. stay calm 保持冷静【自主学习】1. be sure的用法。(1) sure意为“无疑的，肯定的，确信的，有把握的”，仅用作表语。常用于以下句型：a. be sure of/about 对有把握，后接名词、代词或动名词短语，不能接句子。如：He is sure of/about living to ninety. 他相信自己能活到90岁。We are sure of a warm welcome. 我们一定会受到热烈欢迎。Are you sure about it? 你对此有把握吗b. be sure to do sth. 一定会，表示说话者一定会发生某事。如：Youre sure to fail if you dont work hard. 如果你不努力，一定会失败的。c. be sure + that从句。确信，肯定 如：Im sure that he will help you. 我相信他会帮助你的。d. be not sure +if/whether引导的宾语从句。意为“不能肯定是否”如：Even scientists arent sure whether there are UFOs. 甚至科学家也不能肯定是否有飞碟。Im not sure whether/if they can come or not. 我不能确定他们能不能来。He isnt sure whether/if his father will agree with him. 他不肯定他父亲是否会同意他。(2) make sure 查明，确保。如：Ill make sure when we shall start. 我会弄清楚我什么时候开始。注意：be sure to do sth. 用于祈使句时，相当于make sure to do sth. 是“务必”的意思。如：Be/Make sure to close the door when you leave. 你离开时务必要关好门。2. try的用法。(1) try “试图，努力”，常用词组：try to do sth. 努力做某事；try doing sth. 尝试做某事。如：While he was trying to call for help, an alien came out of the UFO. 当他努力寻求帮助的时候，一个外星人从那个不明飞行物中走了出来。Hell try to improve his spoken English. 他想尽力提高口语能力。Lets try doing it in some other ways. 让我们用其它方法试试。(2) try on 试穿（代词在中间）。如：The shoes are very beautiful. Can I try them on? 鞋子很漂亮，我可以试穿吗？(3) try out 试验，测试，试用。如：Edison always tried out his new idea. 爱迪生总是试验他的新想法。(4) try 作名词用，意为“尝试，努力”。如：Whod like to have a try? 谁想试一试？ Section C【重点短语】1. do some shopping 购物2. use sth. to do sth. 使用某物做某事3. spend doing sth. 花费时间做某事4. look up 查（字典等）5. pay attention to 注意6. begin with=start with 以开始 end with 以结束7. be careful of 小心，注意【自主学习】1. order 的用法。(1) in order to do sth. 为了做某事。如：She arrived early in order to get a good seat. 她早早到场，以便找个好位置。(2) order sb. (not) to do sth. 命令某人（不要）做某事。如：My father ordered me not to play football in the street. 爸爸命令我不要在街上踢足球。2. look up意为“查找”，它是由“动词+副词”构成的短语，如果接代词，必须放中间，接名词放中间和其后均可。如：If you meet new words, you can look them up in the dictionary. 如果你遇到生词，可以查字典。链接：与look相关的短语还有：look for 寻找，寻求；look at朝看；look like 看起来像；look after 照顾；照料；look the same 看起来一样。3. pay attention to 注意。to为介词，后面接名词或动名词形式。如：You must pay attention to listening to the teacher in class. 在课堂上，你必须注意听老师讲课。Section D【重点短语】1. had better (not) do sth.最好（不要）做某事2. ask for help 寻求帮助3. with the help of sb.=with ones help 在某人的帮助下4. be able to =can 能，能够Topic 3 The Internet makes the world smaller. Section A【重点短语】1. do some shopping on the Internet网上购物2. chat with sb. 与某人聊天3. face to face 面对面4. find out the information online网上查找信息5. come into being 形成6. more than=over 多于，超过7. in the 1960s 在20世纪60年代8. help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事9. make sb. do sth. 迫使某人做某事10. let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事11. ask sb. (not) to do sth.叫某人（不要）做某事12. order sb. to do sth. 命令某人某事13. look like 看起来像14. lots of information 许多信息15. on the Internet 在网上16. in the future 在将来17. shop online 网上购物18. all kinds of 各种各样的19. share with 与分享20. make friends 交朋友21. each other 相互22. use sth. to do sth. 使用某物做某事23. spend doing sth. 花费做某事24. at the same time 同时25. change into 把变成26. improve listening skills 提高听力技能27. be different from 与不同【合作探究】学会花费(1) sb. spendon sth. /spenddoing sth. 某人花费时间/金钱（