如何强化中考英语的后期复习.doc

更多资料访问：豆丁教育百科如何强化中考英语的后期复习2007中考复习研讨材料四川达州新世纪学校林波一年一度的中考即将来临，在短暂而紧张的后期复习中，如何提升复习质量，使莘莘学子轻松上阵、满意答卷、金榜题名。是我们一线教师必须面对和要解决的问题。单从应试这一层面而言，笔者认为，应该把着力点放在听力和书面表达上，这是英语中考的两个重要方面，常占有百分之四十左右的比重，许多两级分化的学生不乏由此造成。因此，我们理应重视和强化，力争做到短期高效。 一、听力强化1、听力技能强化（尽量使用标准化考试磁带）（1）题干预览有备而听；（2）集中精力心理稳定；（3）大胆猜测推理判断；（4）及时记录抓住信息；（5）指导点拨训练落实；（6）强化口语大声朗读，背诵经典，培养语感，以说促听；（7）分散训练平时的课堂教学中，以班为单位，每天训练510分钟；（8）集中训练安排统一时间，以年级为单位，按照中考模式及要求，使用音箱，每周集中训练23次，打好学校总体战。以有关地点和位置的听力试题为例：2、听力风向标有关地点和位置的听力试题，主要考查学生对所学的表示方位的介词或表示地点的名词的反应能力。一般情况下，只要抓住关键词，注意捕捉关键信息就可得出正确答案。这类题，有时指令比较复杂，难以分辨和记忆时，要注意熟悉选项的内容，同时做好记录。3、必备工具箱1）常用词汇：where 哪里，there 那边，here 这边，in 在里，on 在上，under 在下面，behind 在后面，near 在附件，bed 床，sofa 沙发，chair 椅子，drawer 抽屉，alarm clock 闹钟2）常用短语：over there 在那边，on the 在上，next to 紧靠着，across from 对面，in (the) front of在前面，at the back of 在后面，in the sky 在空中， betweenand 在之间，behind在后面3）常用句型：（1）Where is my backpack?Its under the table.（2）Where are the keys?They are on the sofa.（3）Is the baseball on the sofa?No, it isnt.（4）Are the books on the desk?Yes, they are.（5）Is there a chair in the room?Yes, there is.（6）Are there any students in the classroom?No, there arent.4、例解听句子，把与你听到的句子意思相符的图画的序号填写在横线上。句子听一遍。听完句子后，你将有5秒钟时间作答。 1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 5. _附：听力材料 1. We can see some birds in the tree. 2. Jim is fishing near a river. 3. There is a student sitting under a tree. 4. The boy is drawing a picture on a blackboard. 5. The woman is in a supermarket. She wants to buy something.参考答案：15 CAEDB二、写作强化书面表达是中考中的一大重头戏，决不可掉以轻心。（一） 书面表达的评分标准一般来说，各地的评分标准都和下面的这个标准差不多。这个最高的标准，实际上也就是我们复习写作的目标。1. 内容完整，语句流畅，无语法错误，书写规范，给9-10分；2. 内容较完整，语句较流畅，基本无语法错误，书写较规范，给6-8分；3. 内容不完整，语句欠流畅，语法错误较多，书写较规范，给3-5分；4. 只写出个别要点，语法错误较多，书写欠规范，只有个别句子可读或不知所云，给0-2分。（二） 写作技能强化1、类型：写人、写事、写地方、通知、信件和简单议论等2、长度：通常为60-100词，一般十句话即可达标3、审题：读清题目要求与注意事项4、体裁：如是记叙文，一般用过去时；如是说明文，多用现在时5、要点：尽量写完所给要点，主要内容缺一不可6、起草：事先打草稿，实在没时间也应拟出简要提纲7、复核：以短文改错的精神复核和改正全文8、誊写：书写规范，卷面整洁。这是得高分的关键，很多学生因忽略之而追悔莫急第一类提示性作文提示性作文：就是给出一个标题或无标题，给出具体的内容，规定一定的字数，让考生写出作文。由于这类作文已经规定了文章的中心思想和主要内容，因此考生可以不再列出提纲，只要把注意力集中在如何正确、完整地用英文词句表达出中心思想和内容就可以了。1、仔细审题，明确要求。对所给信息反复阅读，弄清这个题目要表达什么，然后对所给信息进行整理、组织，按照自己的写作思路使之条理化。 2、确保语言精炼。在写作过程中，考生应时刻提醒自己按照已给出的信息点去写，不必有太多的发挥。但也不必按照信息点去逐句翻译。用自己熟悉的短语、句型去体现要点。掌握好文章的长度，不要字数过多或过少。3、通常分为汉语提示、英语提示和汉英提示三类。例题分析A. 汉英提示根据中文提示和英文提示词语，写一篇意思连贯、符合逻辑的短文。所给英文提示词语必须用上。字数6070左右。 1、昨天晚上我和妈妈出去散步。 2、在路上我遇到了一个外国人。3、他向我询问去金龙饭店（the Jinlong Hotel）的路。4、我告诉他沿着路往前走，在第三个转弯处向左拐就能看见饭店。5、他非常感谢我，我也为能帮他而感到高兴。 提示词语：go out for a walk, on the road, the way to, walk along, on the left, thank for, be happy that（分析）写作指导：根据提示我们了解到这是一篇记叙文，所以考生应马上想到时间（yesterday evening），地点（on the road），人物（I, my mother and a foreigner），事件（howto show the way）。其次观察信息点，我们确定这篇文章应用过去式来表达。然后，确定这个事件应用第一人称来叙述。最后，按照信息点合理组织文章，别忘用上提示词语。 （例文）Yesterday evening, I went out for a walk with my mother. On the road, we met a foreigner. He asked me the way to the Jinlong Hotel. I told him to walk along the road and take the third turning on the left, then he could see the hotel. He thanked me very much for my help. I was happy that I could help him. B. 英语提示你收到一封咨询信，请你以旅行社工作人员的身份完成任务。Dear Ace Travel, Im Li Ming, from the east of China. For the coming winter vacation, my family and I want to spend our vacation in a foreign city for ten days. We would like to go somewhere not only warm but also interesting. We dont mind how far we have to go. It has to be a place where we can swim everyday, and it would be nice if our hotel is not expensive but clean and comfortable. We like to pay no more than $ 5,000 for the trip. Could you please give us your suggestions for vacation spots? Thanks a lot. Yours, Li Ming请你根据来信，从下列所给的地方中选择一个或两个符合Li Ming要求的地方，向他提出建议。（80词左右）Tokyo, Sydney, Hawaii, Shanghai写作指导：这篇作文结合了提示性作文和应用文的写作要求。首先，我们要读懂英语提示的内容，也就是那封咨询信的内容。其次，我们要知道书信的写作方法。针对本道题，还要注意，这封信是以旅行社工作人员的身份来写的。最后，还要注意咨询信后的要求-从下列所给的地方中选择一个或两个符合Li Ming要求的地方，向他提出建议及字数限制。One Possible version: Dear Li Ming, Im Gina. Its my pleasure to give you some suggestions for your vacation spots. According to your letter, I think either Sydney or Hawaii is the best choice because they are both warm and interesting. There are some inexpensive hotels, which are clean and comfortable in both places. Whats more, you can enjoy sunshine, walk on the beach and swim every day. Besides, there are many good museums in Sydney. （Its also a wonderful place for shopping. ）And if you go to Hawaii, you could have a visit to Pearl Harbor, which is quite educational and historical. （And you can also enjoy exotic dances. ）Thats just my idea. I hope it would give you some help. Yours, Gina第二类看图作文最近几年的中考英语当中，很多省市已经摆脱了单一作文模式，采用一大一小两个作文相结合的模式。例如，前年辽宁沈阳中考英语作文就是一个小作文（应用文-写假条），加上一个大作文（汉语提示作文）构成。去年，北京中考英语作文也是两个，一个看图作文在加上一个提示作文构成。这是中考书面表达的发展趋势。看图作文要求考生按照所给图画，通过合理的联想将一组画面的内容正确地表达出来。看图作文与其他类型作文的不同之处在于，它除了要求考生有英语语言表达能力，还要求考生有观察能力、分析能力和想象能力。写作时应注意：1、结合文字提示，正确理解图意。一般情况下，看图作文在提供图画的同时也附带有简要的文字提示，我们可以利用文字提示去正确地理解图意，得到要点。切忌孤立地看图而忽视文字提示；2、写作从图画的细节出发。所谓细节，就是指图画中的人物、事件、地点、环境、时间、动作等。依据图画细节，就可以把图画的内容用英语具体而生动地表达出来了。 例题分析同学们，看到下面的四幅图片及相应的报道后，你感到最担忧的是哪两种情形？请简述你担忧的理由并提出建议或希望。要求： 从所给素材中任选两种情形进行阐述，不可多选或少选。 条理清楚，意思连贯，语句通顺，标点正确； 词数 80 100。参考词汇：（1）建议 suggestv. suggestionn. （2）气体 gasn.（3）污染 pollutionn. THE POLLUTIONS One third of the worlds people dont have enough clean water. More and more diseases are caused by polluted air. People are disturbed quite often by kinds of noises. Every person in our city makes about 1.8 kilos of rubbish every day.这道看图作文题，主题和图片连接得不是很紧密。从考查的形式上来说，虽是看图，实质上却属于提示性的作文。这个作文应该结合个人的观点，选择的余地还是很大的。做这个题应该注意几个方面：1、认真读题。注意，题目虽然给了四幅图，但是却只要求写其中的两个就行。2、题意要求的是阐述个人的观点-最担忧的两种情形。而不是对图片进行描述。3、结合所给的提示。提示中，对每种污染都进行了阐述，考生可以这些描述进行写作。4、注意字数，语法，拼写等，避免错误。One possible version:The first fact I worry about is noise pollution. People cant sleep well if there is too much noise. Thats why so many people prefer to live in the countryside rather than live in the noisy city. I suggest all the factories and cars shouldnt make terrible noises. If they make terrible noise that isnt allowed, they will be fined, and we can also produce the cars which cant make terrible noise.The other pollution is rubbish pollution. If everyone makes so much rubbish, one day we may live in a world filled with rubbish. Some people throw the waste paper about. I suggest rubbish should be put into different kinds of dustbins or paper bags. 第三类记叙文记叙文是记人叙事的文章，它主要是用于说明事件的时间、背景、起因、过程及结果，即我们通常所说的五个“ W ”（ what, who, when, where, why ）和一个“ H ”（ how ）。记叙文的重点在于“述说”和“描写”，因此一篇好的记叙文要条理清楚，描写生动形象。一、记叙文的特点 1. 叙述的人称 英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者，使人读后感到真实可信，如身临其境。如： The other day, I was driving along the street. Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast. I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side. But it was too late. The car hit my bike and I fell off it. 用第三人称叙述，优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制，而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者，直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前，文章的客观性很强。如： Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard. On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover. Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short. What could he do? Then he had a good idea. 2. 动词的时态 在记叙文中，记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高，且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的，这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化，正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。 3. 叙述的顺序 记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙，都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作，较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙，读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果，让所叙之事跌宕起伏，使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃，从而为文章所吸引，深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当，则容易弄巧成拙，使文章结构散乱，头绪不清，让读者不知所云。 4. 叙述的过渡 过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如： In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things. Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Chongqing. It is really a beautiful city. There are many places of interest to see. But what impressed me most was the sunrise. The next morning I got up early. I was very happy because it was a fine day. By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red. In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing. The sun was very red, not shining. It rose slowly. At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball. At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright. What a moving and unforgettable scene! 5. 叙述与对话 引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述，可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态，使记叙生动、有趣，使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果： I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something. Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front. I thought maybe someone was knocking the door. I asked who it was but I heard no reply. After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor. I realized it was the cat. I felt released. 这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字，但经作者这么一写，就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式，没有人物语言，把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整： I was in the kitchen cooking something. Crash! a loud noise came from the front. Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, Who? No reply. After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor. Its you. I said, quite released. 二、写好记叙文的主要技能 1. 头绪分明，脉络清楚 写好记叙文，首先要头绪分明，脉络清楚，明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析，弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程，然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”，但动笔之前，围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。 2. 突出中心，详略得当 在文章的框架确定后，对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍，应该从表现文章主题的需要出发，分清主次，定好详略。要突出重点，详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节，略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化，使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题，也需要一定的技巧。如： One night a man came to our house and told me, There is a family with eight children. They have not eaten for days. I took some food with me and went. When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured （破坏外貌） by hunger. There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger. I gave the rice to the mother. She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice. When she came back, I asked her, Where did you go? she gave me this simple answer, To my neighbors they are hungry also! 3. 用活语言，准确生动 记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动，又要表现力强，这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动，其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。 原文： One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away. He was soon lost among people and traffic. He could not find the way back home and started crying. Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying. They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened. Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived. The two students decided to take him home. Mother was p