中考非谓语动词专项复习.doc

中考非谓语动词专项复习考点一、不定式1不定式的基本形式是to动词原形，它具有动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语，但它没有人称与数的变化，在句中也不能作谓语，动词不定式和自己的宾语和状语构成不定式短语。My father asked me not to read in bed.我爸爸告诉我不要在床上读书。2不定式的句法作用动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的作用，它可以作主语、宾语、宾补和状语。(1)作主语动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，Itbe形容词(for sb)动词不定式。Its important (for us) to protect environment.(对我们来说)保护环境是很重要的。注：当在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。Its very kind of_you_to_help_me.你帮助我真是太好啦。Its very clever of_you_to_do_like_that.你那样做真是太聪明啦！(2)作宾语He wants to_go_out_with_her.他想和她一起出去。注：一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词表示命令、打算或希望，如：would like，want，wish，hope，decide，plan，expect等。Would you like to_see_a_film this evening?你今晚想去看电影吗？在find，think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。I find it easy to_read_English_every_day.我发现每天读英语很容易。(3)宾语补足语动词不定式作宾补时，它与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。Lucy asked him to_turn_down_the_radio.露西要他关小收音机。(4)作定语动词不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后，它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。I have a lot of homework to_do.我有许多家庭作业要做。There is nothing to_worry_about.没什么要担心的。(5)作状语Mrs Wang went to Shanghai to_see_her_daughter.(目的)王太太去上海看她女儿。Were glad to_meet_you here. (原因)我们很高兴在这见到你。He is too tired to_work_on.(结果)他太累了而不能继续工作。3不定式的否定形式是在不定式前加not。They told us not_to_play basketball too long.他们告诉我们不要玩太长时间篮球。Youd better not_go_to_bed late.你最好不要睡觉太晚。4不定式常和疑问词what，which，when，where，how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。The teacher is telling the students what_to_do.老师正告诉同学们做什么。He didnt know where_to_go. (where to gowhere he should go)他不知道去哪里。考点二、动名词动名词由动词原形ing构成，与现在分词同形。动名词既有动词的性质，作宾语和状语；也有名词的性质，可作主语、宾语、表语或定语。1作主语，如：Eating too much is bad for your health.吃得太多对身体健康有害。注：动名词和动词不定式作主语，在许多情况下可以通用，但动名词作主语多表示抽象或多次的行为，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。2作表语，如：My mothers job is raising chicken.我母亲的工作是养鸡。3作宾语，如：I dont mind listening to that story again.我不介意再听一遍那个故事。4作定语，如：Lets join the singing group.让我们加入合唱队吧。a working method工作方法5其后常接动名词的动词及动词词组有finish，enjoy，practice，understand，mind，keep，consider，miss，avoid(避免)，suggest，admit，be worth，have difficulty/problem/trouble/fun，waste time，cant help/cant stop，be used to(习惯于)等。其后既可以接动名词，也可接动词不定式的动词有love，like，prefer，begin，start，continue，remember，try，stop，forget，hate，need，allow，go on等。介词后接动名词，如：keep.from，stop.from，make a contribution to，look forward to，spend.(in)，be afraid of，be proud of，be used for，feel like，give up，be interested in，put off等。6当need，require，want作“需要”解时，后加动名词主动式等于不定式的被动式。The window needs cleaning.The window needs to be cleaned.那个窗户需要被清洗。7不定式是不及物动词时，作定语不能省去介词。Weihai is a good place to_live_in.威海是一个居住的好地方。I dont have enough time to study for the test, so I have something to_worry_about.因为我没有足够的时间为考试而学习，所以我有些担心。考点三、分词 1.分词的构成分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词由“动词+ ing”构成。过去分词的基本形式是“动词+ ed”，但也有不规则的形式。The boy named John is from America.那个叫约翰的男孩来自美国。You should have your hair cut.你该理发了。We are excited about the news.我们对那条新闻感到兴奋。注：现在分词表示“令人的”，主语一般是物；过去分词表示“感到的”，主语一般是人。He is surprised to hear the news.他听到那个消息感到很吃惊。The news is surprising.那个消息令人吃惊。辨析：(1)有些动词或词组后接动名词或不定式均可，但意义稍有差别。stop to do sth.停下来去做某事stop doing sth.停止做某事Stop thinking，please.请停止思考。Stop to_think about it for a moment.停下来想一会。I remember posting your letter.我记得把你的信寄出去了。(信已寄出)Please remember to_post my letter.请记住把我的信寄出去。(信尚未寄出)I forgot to_bring_my_homework.我忘记带作业了。(没带作业)I forgot bringing_my_homework.我忘记已把作业带来了。(作业已带来)He tried speaking English to us.他试着用英语和我们谈话。Please try to do better next time.下次设法做得更好些。Go on to_do the other exercise after you finish this one.做完这个练习题后，接着做另一个练习题。Go on doing the exercise after a short rest.休息一会儿之后，我们继续做练习。We dont allow smoking here.我们不允许在这儿吸烟。We dont allow students to_go out on school days.上学时，我们不允许学生外出。(2)现在分词和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别。 我们常见的动词如：see，watch，notice，hear，feel，have等，它们接不带to的不定式作宾补，表示已经完成了的或经常性的动作；接现在分词作宾补，表示动作正在进行着。I heard him singing in the classroom.我听到他正在教室里唱歌。(“唱”这个动作正在进行)I heard him sing in the classroom.我听到他在教室里唱歌了。(“唱”这个动作已结束)I saw him going up the stairs.我看见他正在上楼。(“上楼”这个动作正在进行)I saw him go up the stairs.我看见他上楼了。(“上楼”这个动作已完成)(3)现在分词与过去分词的区别。在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义。the surprising news令人惊讶的消息a surprised man 一个受惊吓的人a moving film一场感人的电影the moved people被感动的人们在时间上，现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示已经完成的动作。the developing country 发展中国家the developed country发达国家the rising sun正在升起的太阳the risen sun 升起来的太阳(4)易混句式have sb.do sth，have sb.doing sth.和have sth.done的区别。have sb.do sth.意为“让某人做某事”，have可以用let，make代替。不定式往往表示一次性的具体动作，且强调动作已经完成或尚未发生。The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father.士兵们让这个男孩背对他的父亲站着。have sb.doing sth.意为“让某人做某事”，have可以用keep代替，现在分词(doing)这个动作往往具有持续进行的含义。The two men had their lights burning all night long.那两个人让灯通宵亮着。have sth.done意为“让某人做某事”，即ask sb.else to do sth.过去分词(done)这个动作由他人(即非主语本身)来完成，含有被动意义且强调动作已经完成。The driver had his car washed once a week.那位司机每周叫人洗一次车。中考典例分析1、(2010广安)Please remember _ the lights when you leave the room.OK, I will.Aturn off Bto turn off Cturning off2、Peter is busy _ at school, but he never forgets _ exercise every day.Aworking; doing Bworking; to do Cat work; doing 3、 (2010泰安)I cant decide _. You mean the purple sweater or the blue one? Ahow to go there Bwho to go with Cwhere to visit Dwhich to choose 4、There are so many kinds of MP5 in the shop. We cant decide_.Awhat to buy Bto buy whatCwhich to buy Dto buy which4、(2010达州)Why not _ an English club to practice _ English?Ato join; to speak Bjoin; speaking Cjoin; to speak Dto join; speaking5、How about _in the river with us?Sorry I cant.My parents often tell me _ that.Aswim; dont do Bswim; to doCswimming; not do Dswimming; not to do6、(2010通化)The woman made his son_ finally after she told him some jokes.Alaughed Bto laughClaugh Dlaughing7、Granny often tell us _ water in our daily life.AsaveBsavingCto save Dsaves考点训练7非谓语动词1(2010河北)Id like you _ for a picnic with us. Ago Bto go Cgoing Dwent2(2010哈尔滨)As teenagers，were old enough _ with housework.We can help set the table，wash the dishes and clean our own rooms. Ato help Bhelping Chelped3(2010兰州)Danny did all kinds of things to make the baby _. Ato stop crying Bstop crying Cto stop to cry Dstop to cry4(2010兰州)What are on show in the museum? Some photos _ by the children of Yushu, Qinghai. Ahave been taken Bwere taken Care taken Dtaken5(2010兰州)We have two rooms _， but I cant decide _. Ato live; to choose which one Blived; choose which one Cto live in; which one to choose Dlive; which one6(2010广州)The teacher told the students _ any food into the computer room. Anot to bring Bnot bring Cdont bring Dbring not7(2010广州)We dont have much homework this weekend. Shall we go out together? OK. What about _ a movie? Ato see Bseeing Cto see Dsees8(2010达州)Why not _ an English club to practice _ English? Ato join; to speak Bjoin; speaking Cjoin; to speak Dto join; speaking9(2010潍坊)At least 300 million people are using QQ _ by Ma Huateng to chat on line. Acreate Bcreates Ccreating Dcreated10(2010荆州)Are you going to Tibet for vacation? Yes. I want you to _ me with some information about it. Aoffer Bgive Cshow Dprovide11(2010泰安)I cant decide _. You mean the purple sweater or the blue one? Ahow to go there Bwho to go with Cwhere to visit Dwhich to choose12(2010泰安)How about going shopping this weekend, Peter? Sorry. I prefer _ rather than _. Ato stay at home; go out Bto go out; stay at home Cstaying at home; go out Dgoing out; stay at home13(2010广安)Please remember _ the lights when you leave the room. OK, I will. Aturn off Bto turn off Cturning off14(2010定西)The boy is looking forward to _ a good time after the exam. Ato have Bhas Chaving Dhave15(2010安徽)There are so many kinds of computers in the shop. I really dont know _ to choose. Awhat Bwhich Chow Dwhere16(2010河南)Father often tells me _ too much time on computer games. Adont spend Bnot spend Cnot to spend Dnot spending17(2010成都)Wheres your brother now, Bob? I saw him _ in the street a moment ago and I told him _. Aplaying; dont do so Bplaying; not to do so Cplay; to do so18(2010贵阳)Nancy is really a hardworking student. We often see her _ books in the classroom. Aread Bto read Creads19(2009中考变式题)Why did you buy a radio? _ English. ALearn BLearning CTo learn DBe learning20(2009中考变式题)Doctors tell people _ their hands often and to stay home if they feel ill. Ato wash Bwashes Cwash Dwashing21(2009中考变式题)Xiao Li said she would rather _ join us. Adid not Bto not Cnot Dnot to22(2009中考变式题)Hi, Tom! Can you tell me when _ for London? Yes, tomorrow afternoon. Aleaving Bleaves Cto leave Dare you leaving23(2009中考变式题)Im very tired these days because of studying for physics. Why not _ music? It can make you _. Alisten to; relaxing Bto listen to; to relax Clistening to; relax Dlisten to; relax24(2009中考变式题)Is Jack in the library? Maybe. I saw him _ out with some books just now. Agoing Bgo Cto go Dwent25(2009中考变式题)She wont let her daughter _ by the river. Aplay Bplays Cto play Dplaying26(2009中考变式题)How about _ in the river with us? Sorry, I cant. My parents often tell me _ that. Aswim; dont to Bswim; to do Cswimming; not do Dswimming; not to do27(2009中考变式题)Please dont forget _ the room while I am away in Beijing. Aclean Bto clean Ccleaned Dcleaning28(2009中考变式题)Dean, what time is the flight to Beijing on Saturday? Wait a minute. Let me _ in the schedule(时刻表) Alook at it Blook for it Clook after it Dlook it up29(2009中考变式题)The doctor did what he could _ the dying man. Asave Bto save Csaved Dsaving30(2009中考变式题)The global financial crisis(金融危机) has made many people _ their money. Ato care for Btook care of Cbe careful with Dto be cared about31(2009中考变式题)Would you mind _ my little sister while I am away? Of course not. Alooking for Blooking at Clooking after Dlooking forward to32(2013中考预测题)May I listen to the music here, Mr White? Sorry, youd better _ it like that. Anot to do Bnot do Cdont do Dnot do to33(2013中考预测题)Ive just borrowed a CD player, but I dont know _. You can read the instructions. Ahow to use it Bwhere to buy it Cwhen to return it Dwhere to put it34(2013中考预测题)Yiwu is short of water now. Yes, I think its very important for us to _. Awaste water Bsave and protect water Cmake the water dirty Dthrow the rubbish into the river35(2013中考预测题)Why not _ your teacher for help when you cant finish _ it by yourself? Aask; write Bto ask; writing Cask; writing Dasking; write36(2013中考预测题)Im hungry now. Lets stop _. Ahaving a meal Bhaving a rest Cto have a meal Dto have a rest37(2013中考预测题)Its cold today. Youd better _ your sweater. OK. I will. Aput on Bturn on Cget on38(2013中考预测题)What a heavy rain! So it is. I prefer _ at home _ on such a rainy day. Awatch TV; to go out Bwatch TV; go out Cwatching TV; to going out