被动语态专项复习.doc

初四英语被动语态专项复习学案主备人：刘英 刘艳玲 2011-04-18一、学习目标：1掌握被动语态的概念，构成及用法。2 通过学习被动语态的知识，能够在不同的语境中灵活运用被动语态。二、命题趋势：从近几年中考试题来看，动词时态及语态占单选题25%左右，有逐年增加的趋势。对语态的考查更加灵活，不再拘泥于单纯的语法和标志词，而更加注重知识和语境的结合。三、被动语态考点精讲：（一）定义：语态是动词的一种形式，表示_和 的关系。当主语是动作的_ 时，用主动语态（某人做某事）；当主语是动作的 时，用被动语态（某事被人做）。（二）被动语态的构成：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词（past participle）(简称P.P.)。8种常用时态的被动语态：时态构成例句一般现在时态amisare + p.pBananas are grown in the south of China.一般过去时态werewas + p.pJim was told to come early.一般将来时willshallbe going to be+p.pThe bridge will be finished in a month.过去将来时态wouldshould be going to be +p.pThey said the work would be finished on time.现在进行时态amisare +being + p.pThe flowers are being watered by the workers.过去进行时态waswere being+ p.pThe trees were being cut down yesterday afternoon.现在完成时态havehas been+ p.pHis car has been repaired for a week.过去完成时态had been+ p.pBy the time we got there, the fire had been put out.(三)提醒：(1)含有情态动词的被动结构：情态动词+be + p.p(2)被动语态的否定式是是在第一个助动词后加否定词not;疑问式是将第一个助动词移到主语前即可。(四)以下几种情况要用被动语态：1 不知道动作的执行者是谁；2 没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁；3 只需要强调动作的承受者；（五）被动语态的几种特殊形式：1主动句中感官动词 (_ _ _ _)等和使役动词(_ _ _)等词后跟省略to的不定式，变为被动语态时应加上不定式符号to。e.g.The boss made my grandfather work for10 hours a day. (主动)My grandfather was made to work for 10 hours a day.（被动）We saw an alien get out of the UFO. (主动)An alien was seen to get out of the UFO.（被动）2 谓语动词后接双宾语【直接宾语（物）和间接宾语（人）】时:(1)把间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语不变。e.g. He gave me a new book. I was given a new book by him.（2）把直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语前通常加介词to或for。加to的动词有：give, bring ,pass, lend, read, write, teach, show等；加for 的动词有：buy, sing, choose, make, leave, mend 等。e.g. He gave me a new book. A new book was given to me by him.3.句中谓语是动词短语时，变化被动语态要注意其完整性。e.g. Jack turned on the TV just now. The TV was turned on by Jack just now.(六) 主动句变为被动句所遵循的4个步骤： 1.把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语； 2.把动词变为被动形式即be +过去分词，并注意其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。 3.原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现，如不需要则可省略。 4.其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。 四、针对练习:把下列主动句变为被动句：1. Bruce writes a letter every week. 2. Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning.3. He has written two novels so far.4. They will plant ten trees tomorrow.5. Lucy is writing a letter now.6. You must lock the door when you leave.7. He listens to the radio every day. 五、自我检测（中考链接）：单项选择。1-Your room looks very tidy.-Yes. It _ every day.A cleans B cleaning C cleaned D is cleaned (10.淄博)2 Every year lots of trees _ to make our country more beautiful.A is plantedB was planted C are planted D were planted (10.莱芜)3 I wonder if the talent show _ next month. If they _ it, I must get for it.A will hold; hold B will hold ; will hold C will be held; hold D is held; will hold (10.青岛)4-Lots of trees and flowers _ on both sides of Huangshan Road last year.-Oh, thats beautiful.A are planted B were planting C were planted D have planted (10.泰安)5 Look! There _ the new bridge. It _ last month.A is; build B was; built C is; was built D is; is built (10.威海)6 The sports meeting has been _ because of the bad weather. A put up B put off C put out D put on (10.日照)7 My e-mail _ to you last night. Have you received it _?A sent ; yet B is sent; already C was sent; yet D is sent; yet （10.巴中）8 The little boy _ by the big one this morning.A was made to cry B was made cry C made to cry D made cry (10.阜康)9 It _ to drive after drinking wine.A is allowed B is not allowed C is made D is welcomed (10.义乌)10 The 16th Asian Games _ in Guangzhou in November, 2010.A holds B will hold C was held D will be held (10.广东)11 The disabled people shouldnt _.Instead, we should be friendly to them.A look down B look down on C be looked down on D be looked down(10.南通)12 If the questions _ incorrectly,_ question will be given to you.A is answered; other B answers; other C is answered; another D answers; another(09.安顺)六、能力提升：用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。Ted Robinson has been worried all the week. Last Tuesday, he 1 (receive) a letter from the police station. In the letter he 2 ( ask ) to call at the station. Ted didnt know why he 3 (want) by the police, but he 4 (go) to the station yesterday and now he 5 (not, worry) any more. At the station he 6 (tell) by a smiling policeman that his bicycle had been found. Five days ago, the policeman 8 (tell) him, the bicycle 9 (pick) up in a small village four hundred miles ways. Now it 10 (send) to his home on the way by train. Ted 11 (surprise) when he 12 (hear) the news. He was amused too, because he never thought that the bicycle 13 (can, find) again. It 14