2013年高考英语课件_阅读理解语篇精读课（六）人物类_1

,专题二,人物类,2012山东高考阅读理解B,One of the greatest contributions to the first Oxford English Dictionary was also one of its most unusual. In 1879, Oxford University in England asked Prof. James Murray to serve as editor for what was to be the most ambitious dictionary in the history of the English language. It would include every English word possible and would give not only the definition but also the history of the word and quotations (引文)showing how it was used. This was a huge task. so Murrary had to find volunteers from Britain, the United States, and the British colonies to search every newspaper, magazine, and book ever written in English. Hundreds of volunteers responded, including William Chester Minor. Dr. Minor was an American surgeon who had served in,the Civil War and was now living in England. He gave his address as “Broadmoor, Crowthorne, Berkshire,” 50 miles from Oxford. Minor joined the army of volunteers sending words and quotations to Murray. Over the next 17 years, he became one of the staffs most valued contributors. But he was also a mystery. In spite of many invitations, he would always decline to visit Oxford. So in 1897， Murray finally decided to travel to Crowthorne himself. When he arrived, he found Minor locked in a book-lined cell at the Broadmoor Asylum（精神病院） for the Criminally insane.,Murray and Minor became friends, sharing their love of words. Minor continued contributing to the dictionary, sending in more than 10,000 submissions in 20 years. Murray continued to visit Minor regularly, sometimes taking walks with him around the asylum grounds. In 1910, Minor left Broadmoor for an asylum in his native America. Murray was at the port to wave goodbye to his remarkable friend. Minor died in 1920, seven years before the first edition of the Oxford English Dictionary was completed. The 12 volumes defined 414,825 words, and thousands of them were contributions from a very scholarly and devoted asylum patient.,功能一、听,先浏览题目然后带着问题听录音,1. Who asked Murray to edit the dictionary? A. The government B. Oxford University C. Himself,2. Why did Murray have to find volunteers to do the work？ A. Because he was lazy. B. Because he was tired. C. Because it was a huge task.,3. Minor was from_. A. America B. England C. Canada,功能二、读,第一步 速读课文，掌握文章大意,1. Whats the passage mainly about? The passage is mainly about Murray and Minor, who devoted themselves to the first edition of Oxford English Dictionary.,2.理清文章主线，找出关键词,Oxford English Dictionary,unusual contributor,became friends,left f or America,huge task,find volunteers,declined invitation,locked in asylum,continued contributing,20 years work,say goodbye,scholarly devoted,第二步：精读课文，理清细枝末节,一、细读文章1-3段,（一）遇到生僻的词汇怎么办？,例:The following quotation is taken from the dictionary definition. 下面的引语选自词典里的释义。,破解方法：利用构词法 得到其含义。名词 definition是由动词 define去掉e之后加-ition 变化而来。,Definition n.定义，释义,（二）遇到难懂的疑难句怎么办？,It would include every English word possible and would give not only the definition but also the history of the word and quotations (引文)showing how it was used.,【尝试翻译】它将尽可能包括每一个英语单词，而且 不但要给出单词释义，还要包括单词的历史以及表 明该词汇如何使用的引文。,【破解方法】本句是and连接两个并列句，其中and 后 面句子中用了not only but also 结构来连接宾语。理解本句的关键是判断准确连接句子的是哪一个词，弄清楚句子结构。本句是由and连接的并列句而不是由not only but also 连接。,（三）阅读理解,62. How did Dr. Minor contribute to the dictionary?,A. He helped Murray to find hundreds of volunteers.,B. He sent newspapers, magazines and books to Murray.,C. He provided a great number of words and quotations,D. he went to England to work with Murray.,解析：根据第三段Minor joined the army of volunteers sending words and quotations to Murray可知， Minor帮Murray找的是words and quotations 。因此B项不对。,解析：A项所表述的内容在原文没有提及到。,解析：根据原文第二段and was now living in England.可知Minor是住在英国而并非专程去那里。,第一步，深度分析高考原题,解析：根据第三段内容可知C项正确。,第二步，了解命题角度，全面掌握解题技巧,【命题角度】直接细节理解题。考查对文章特定某个细节的理解和判断能力。,【破解方法】要求考生对其进行准确理解。解题时应认真阅读仔 细分析题干内容，弄清其所询问细节的角度，然后带着所提问的 细节角度回到原文，查找答题所需信息。找到解题依据后应用下 划线将其标出，以便与题干内容进行对照阅读检查核对，看两者 是否吻合，互为因果关系。这样做可以有效防止读题时的认识错 误或者找答题所需信息时的定位错误。本题答案的出处就来自原 文第三段Minor joined the army of volunteers sending words and quotations to Murray. Over the next 17 years, he became one of the staffs most valued contributors.,61. According to the text, the first Oxford English Dictionary _.,A. came out before minor died,B. was edited by an American volunteer,C. included the English words invented by Murray,D. was intended to be the most ambitious English dictionary,解析：由原文第二段可知此项表述错误。,解析：由原文最后一段第一句可知此项表述错误。,解析：原文未涉及此项内容。,解析：直接细节理解题。根据第一段中的第二句in 1879，serve as editor for what was to be the most ambitious dictionary in the history of the English language可知答案选D。,（2012年江西卷阅读理解A篇第五段） “It was a strange-looking machine one his dad had brought home from the laboratory where he worked. “Its an experimental model,” his father had explained, “so dont touch it under any circumstances.” But his warning only served to make Mark more curious. Without any further thought, Mark turned on the power switch. The computer burst into life and seconds later, the screen turned into colors, shifting and changing and then two big white words appeared in the center of the screen: “SPACE TRANSPORTER.”,第三步，运用高考试题，进一步熟练解题能力,试题56 Why did Mark touch the computer against his fathers warning? A. He wanted to take a voyage. B. He wanted to practice his skill. C. He was so much attracted by it. D. He was eager to do an experiment.,解析：根据第三句“But his fathers warning only served to make Mark more curious .Without any further thought, Mark turned on the power switch“”但是他爸爸的警告仅仅使得Mark更加 好奇。没有再考虑，Mark打开了开关“，选择C。,答案：C,二、细读文章4-7段,（一）遇到生僻的词汇怎么办？,例:Our spokesman declined to comment on their aggressive acts. 我们的发言人拒绝对他们的挑衅行为做出评论。,破解方法：利用上下文 语境得到其含义。 由 decline 所在句及下文 Murray finally decided to travel to Crowthorne himself.可猜出 decline 是拒绝之意。,decline n.衰落；减少 v.减少，降低； 拒绝,（二）遇到难懂的疑难句怎么办？,When he arrived, he found Minor locked in a book-lined cell at the Broadmoor Asylum（精神病院） for the Criminally insane.,【破解方法】本句含有以when引导的时间状语从句，主句的结构为“find+宾语+宾语补足语”破解此句的关键在于正确理解“find+宾语+宾语补足语”中过去分词短语locked in a book-lined cell作宾补。,【尝试翻译】当他到达的时候，他发现Minor被锁在 Broadmoor 精神病院的一个排满书的隔离室 里，而这里是收治精神病罪犯的。,（三）阅读理解,66. What does the text mainly talk about?,A. The history of the English language,B. The friendship between Murray and Minor,C. Minor and the first Oxford English Dictionary,D. Broadmoor Asylum and is patients,解析：根据全文内容，该项表述非原文着重点。,解析：原文没有涉及该方面的内容，故A项表述错误。,解析：文章主要介绍了Mr. Minor的特别之处和他对Oxford Dictionary的贡献；关键词为：Minor和Oxford Dictionary。因此C项表述作为本文标题最佳。,解析：D项所表述的内容显然与原文不符。,第一步，深度分析高考原题,第二步，了解命题角度，全面掌握解题技巧,【命题角度】主旨大意题 。考查对文章主旨大意的理解和判断能力。,【破解方法】利用文章主线和关键信息提炼文章大意 阅读中我们发现，不是每篇阅读材料都有明确的主题句，也不是所有段落都有明确的段落主题句。因此，当我们无法找到文章中现成的主题句，或者无法由段落大意总结概括出主旨大意时，就只能利用文章主线和关键信息提炼文章大意。,63. Why did Dr. Minor refuse to visit Oxford? AHe was shut in an asylum.,B. He lived far from Oxford.,C. He was busy writing a book.,D. He disliked traveling.,解析：由第四段可知此项表述错误。,解析：直接细节题。由第四段中的he found Minor locked in a book-lined cell at the Broadmoor Asylum可知此项正确。,解析：原文未涉及此项内容。,解析：由第四段he found Minor locked in a book-lined cell可知此项表述错误。,64. Prof. Murray and Dr. Minor became friends mainly because _.,B. They had a common interest in words,C. Minor recovered with the help of Murray,D. Murray went to America regularly to visit Minor,解析：细节理解题。根据第五段的Murray and Minor became good friends, sharing their love of words可知，他们成为好朋友的主要原因在于他们都对词汇很热爱。因此B项正确。,解析：原文未表明Murray served in the Civil War。,解析：原文未涉及此项内容。,解析：由第五段可知此项表述错误。,A. they both served in the Civil War,65. Which of the following best describe Dr. Minor?,B. Cautious and friendly.,C. Considerate and optimistic.,D. Unusual and scholarly.,解析：由原文看不出“小心谨慎”。,解析：由原文内容可知未涉及“勇敢”这方面。,解析：原文内容未体现出此项表述。,解析：推理判断题。从文章的第一段的第一句话和最后一句话可以推断Minor很博学，对做学问很投入，但他同时又是一个精神病人。因此用devoted, scholarship, unusual等描述他最贴切。,A. Brave and determined.,第三步，运用高考试题，进一步熟练解题能力,2012江西卷阅读理解D篇 For those who make journeys across the world, the speed of travel today has turned the countries into a series of villagesDistances between them appear no greater to a modern traveler than those which once faced men as they walked from village to village. Jet plane fly people from one end of the earth to the other, allowing them a freedom of movement undreamt of a hundred years ago. Yet some people wonder if the revolution in travel has gone too far. A price has been paid, they say, for the conquest (征服) of time and distance. Travel is something to be enjoyed, not endured (忍受).,The boat offers leisure and time enough to appreciate the ever-changing sights and sounds of a journey. A journey by train also has a special charm about it. Lakes and forests and wild, open plains sweeping past your carriage window create a grand view in which time and distance mean nothing. On board a plane, however, there is just the blank blue of the sky filling the narrow window of the airplane. The soft lighting, in-flight films and gentle music make up the only world you know, and the hours progress slowly.,Then there is the time spent being “processed” at a modern airport. People are conveyed like robots along walkways; baggage is weighed, tickets produced, examined and produced yet again before the passenger move again to another waiting area. Journeys by rail and sea take longer, yes, but the hours devoted to being “processed” at departure and arrival in airports are luckily absent. No wonder, then, that the modern high-speed trains are winning back passengers from the airlines.,Man, however, is now a world traveler and can not turn his back on the airplane. The working lives of too many people depend upon it; whole new industries have been built around its design and operation. The holiday maker, too, with limited time to spend, patiently endures the busy airports and limited space of the flight to gain those extra hours and even days, relaxing in the sun. speed controls peoples lives; time saved, in work or play, is the important thingor so we are told. Perhaps those first horsemen, riding free across the wild, open plains, were enjoying a better world than the one we know today. They could travel at will, and the clock was not their master.,试题75 What is the main idea of the passage? AAir travel benefits people and industries BTrain Travel has some advantages over air travel CGreat changes have taken place in modern travel. DThe high speed of air travel is gained at a cost.,解析：通读全文可知，本文主要讲的是乘坐飞机旅行 方便快捷，节省了出行的时间，然而飞机带来 高速的同时也带来了一些负面影响。 A飞机旅 行使得人们和企业受益；B火车旅行有一些胜 过飞机旅行的优点；C现代旅行发生了巨大的 变化；D飞机旅行的高速是有代价的。,答案：D,功能三、写,（一）根据提示互译原文中的关键词汇,1. 有野心的；费力的 2. 减少；谢绝 3. 非凡的 4. 捐献；增加；撰稿,5. not only but also 6. scholarly asylum patient 7.quotation 8. the most valued contributors,ambitious,decline,remarkable,contribute,不但而且,有学识的精神病患者,引文,最受重视的贡献者,（二）选用以上词汇完成句子,1.The first Oxford English Dictionary was _dictionary in the English language . 第一部牛津英语词典在英语言历史上是最费力且雄伟的词典。 2. Over the 20 years, he _the dictionary, and_. 20 年间，他继续为这部词典做出贡献，并成为最受重视的贡献者之一。 3. He always _visit Murray。 他拒绝去拜访Murray。,the most ambitious,continued contributing to,became one of the most valued contributors,declined to,（三）根据译文补全原文中的经典句式,1.It would include every English word possible and would give _the definition_the history of the word and quotations_. 它将尽可能包括每一个英语单词，不但要给出单词的释 义，而且还要包括该词的历史以及该词如何使用的引文。 2. When he arrived, he_Minor_ in a book-lined cell at the Broadmoor Asylum for the Criminally insane. 当他到达的时候，他发现Minor被锁在Broadmoor 精神病院的一个排满书的隔离室里，而这里是收治精神病罪犯的。,not only,but