中考英语总复习专题四阅读理解课件

专题一览表,专题一 听说考试 专题二 语法选择 专题三 完形填空 专题四 阅读理解 第一节 阅读理解 第二节 阅读填空 专题五 单词拼写 专题六 完成句子 专题七 书面表达,专题四 阅读理解 【考点透视】 主要考察获取和处理信息的能力。阅读题材有记叙文、说明文、议论文、人物传记和应用文等。,【解题策略】 一、阅读理解 1.主旨大意题：最有效的办法是找出主题句。 主题句一般具有三个特点： （1）表述的意思通常是总结性的； （2）句子结构较简单，多数都不采用长、难句的形式； （3）段落中其他的句子必定是用来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表述的主题思想的。,2.词义猜测题： （1）根据上下文已知部分进行逻辑上的推理。根据上下文猜测词义的方法有下列几种：根据定义或解释猜测词义；根据并列、同位关系猜测词义；根据同义、反义、因果关系猜测词义； （2）运用语法知识进行语法分析； （3）依靠常识和经验做出判断。,3. 细节理解题：考查细节和事实 （1）凡属针对特定细节的考题，其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字部分作为验证。可能是一个词或短语，也可能是一个句子或相关的若干句子，但句式、用词和表达方式不同。 （2）干扰项往往是主体思想与细节混杂，正确答案细节和非正确答案的细节混杂，甚至真假混杂。因此，要做好阅读理解中的确定细节和事实的题目，一要在文章中找出相应的信息点，二要排除干扰项。,4. 推理判断题： （1）事实推断。这种推断常常针对某一个或几个具体细节，是比较简单的推断。进行这种推断，要首先在文章中找出据以推断的有关文字，然后加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行间的意思。 （2）指代推断。确定指代词的含义和指代对象是阅读理解题常见的题目。要确定指代词所指代的对象，关键在于对上下文的正确理解。指代名词的指代词，其单复数形式应与被指代的词一致，因此数的形式可作为识别指代对象的第一个辅助标志。,（3）逻辑推断。这类题目往往是要求根据文章所提供的背景、人物的表情、动作和语言来推断出人物的态度或感受。 （4）对作者的意图和态度的推断。这一类考题大都要求学生就作者对论述对象持什么样的态度做出推断，如作者对所陈述的观点是赞同、反对，还是犹豫不定，对记述或描写的人、物或事件是赞颂、同情、冷漠，还是厌恶。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩不一定直接表述出来，而往往隐含在字里行间。因此，进行这种推断时，我们既要依靠短文的主题思想作为推力的前提，又要注意作者的措辞，尤其是形容词一类的修饰语。总之，只要平时善于积累，并熟练运用上述解题技巧，初中阅读理解题就将不再是难题。,二、阅读填空 （一）命题趋势 （1）选材上贴近考生、贴近生活，文章新颖、时代感强； （2）考查考生对语篇结构特征、文本特征、语言特征、逻辑内容的识别与解读； （3）填空的句子是完整句，位置可设在段首、段中、段尾。 。,（二）解题策略 1. 阅读短文把握文章的主旨，了解所给材料的大意。 2. 浏览选项，找关键词。 3. 再读短文，边读边填。在基本理解短文大意的基础上，再进行细致的阅读，同时根据上下文语境、语法规则、句式结构等选择正确选项。不能马上确定的，可以“先易后难”，然后反复阅读该空前后的句子寻找相关联系。 4. 复读短文，认真核查。填好后的完整短文更有助于整体理解,阅读 A “Save the whales!” Thats what the picture on Jake Smiths bedroom wall said. Jake liked having a picture that said something important that showed he cared. He just never expected to get a chance to save a real whale, one right in his own neighbourhood. It was a Saturday morning when the newspaper first reported the whales coming. A group of the animals were swimming close to the beach in Jakes home town. All the local people rushed out to the beach to see them. They were expecting a beautiful show, better than a movie, but nothing theyd have to do anything about.,Then one whale swam in the direction, directly towards land. It came in with the waves, and when the waves receded, it stayed. Its huge body rested on the sand. Suddenly, Jake and his family and all the others were no longer sightseers. They had to become rescuers. A few people ran towards the animal. They pushed and tried to force the whale back into the water, but it was no use. An animal rescue service team soon arrived in a truck with heavy lifting machinery, to help move the animal. Jake and his family couldnt do much on the beach, so they went back to their house and made sandwiches and hot tea for the rescuers. At least, Jake thought, they could help in some way.,Back at the beach, they offered the food to the rescuers and were happy to see that it was needed. It was getting dark. Some people lined up their cars along the beach and shined the headlights on the sand. The rescuers would not give up. After trying many times they were finally able to lift the whale into the water. Everyone cheered when it headed out to sea. It swam out about a mile and then disappeared for a moment under the sea. Then, in what looked like a jump of joy, it rose high above the watera thank you to those who had worked so hard to save his life.,( ) 26.What does the picture on Jakes wall tell us about him? A.He lived near the ocean. B.He cared about the environment. C.He worked as an animal rescuer. D.He thought whales were the most beautiful animals. ( ) 27.Why did the local people go down to the beach that morning? A.To swim with the whales. B.To help rescue the whales. C.To see the whales swimming. D.To watch a movie about whales.,( ) 28.The underlined word “receded” in Paragraph 3 means . A.didnt move B.went back out C.washed over D.got up ( ) 29.How did Jake and his family help save the whale? A.By calling the rescue service. B.By asking their neighbours for help. C.By giving the rescuers food and drink. D.By controlling the people on the beach.,( ) 30.In what order did the events of the whale rescue take place? a.The whale disappeared under the sea. b.People turned on the lights of their cars. c.Rescuers lifted the whale into the water. d.Animal rescue service brought its truck. e.People pushed the whale towards the sea. A.e-d-b-c-a B.e-b-c-d-a C.d-b-e-a-c D.a-e-b-d-c,【考点定位】记叙文阅读。 【解析】本文是记叙文，主要讲述了人们齐心协力帮助一头鲸鱼重回大海的故事。 26. B。细节理解题。从首段的第二句可以得知。 27. C。细节理解题。从第二段的“They were expecting a beautiful show, better than a movie, ”可以得知人们期待鲸鱼的表演，也就是观赏它的泳姿。 28. B。词义猜测题。从第三段的“It came in with the waves”及“its huge body rested on the sand”可知，潮涨时鲸鱼被冲了上来，浪潮退去，鲸鱼留在了沙滩上。,29. C。细节理解题。从第四段的“Jake and his fam