2009高考英语考点单选设陷题分析（常规教学）.doc

高考英语考点单选设陷题分析-介词考点介词考点 典型陷阱题分析1. You went late _ the stadium yesterday evening, didnt you? Yes, my wife was a little late _ the supper.A. to, with B. for, withC. for, for D. at, for【陷阱】容易误选 B 或D。【分析】答案应选 A。第一空填to 比较好理解，因为此处的late为副词，用以修饰 go to the stadium 中的动词go；而第二句的 with 则是许多同学不容易想到的，相反，更多地可能是想到 for，现将两者区别如下：be late for表示做某事迟到，而be late with 表示做某事做晚了(=be late in doing sth)。比较：We were late for dinner. 我们吃饭迟到了。We were late with dinner =in having dinner. 我们吃饭吃得迟。句中 my wife was a little late with the supper 的意思是我妻子准备晚饭稍迟了一点。2. We were all worried over _ you were sick.A. that B. whichC. what D. the fact that【陷阱】容易误选 A 或 B。【分析】答案应选 D。按英语习惯，除except, but 等极个别介词外，英语介词后通常不能直接跟 that 从句作宾语。遇此情况，通常是在 that 从句前加上 the fact，此时 the fact 用作介词宾语，而其后 that 从句则用作 the fact 的同位语。请看类似试题（答案选均D）：(1) They knew nothing about _ he was a thief.A. that B. whichC. what D. the fact that(2) She must face up to _ she is no longer young.A. that B. whichC. what D. the fact that(3) What he said at the meeting referred to _ he was interested in the project.A. that B. whichC. what D. the fact that(4) Their belief is proved by the fact that the death penalty prevents murder.A. that B. whichC. what D. the fact that(5) The writer is not satisfied with _ buses are too crowded.A. that B. whichC. what D. the fact that3. Sometimes our opinions differ _ what we choose to observe and how we deal with what weve observedA. which B. sinceC. because D. because of【陷阱】容易误选C。因为按英语语法习惯，because是连词，其后接句子；而because of是复合介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词等。【分析】此题答案选D。because 作为从属连词，主要用于引导原因状语从句，既然是引导一个从句，也就是说它的后面不能再连用引导词。如：He was angry because we were late. 他很生气因为我们迟到了。They cant have gone out because the light is on. 他们不可能出去了，因为灯还亮着。Bread is cheap in this supermarket because they bake it themselves.这家超市的面包是自制的，所以便宜。假若，一个从句已经有了自己的引导词，那么它前面就不宜再用 because 这个连词了。如：She got angry because of what you said. 她哭是因为你说的话。句中的 what 相当于 the thing that，也就是说 what you said 相当于 the thing that you said。其中 the thing 用作 because of 的宾语，而that you said 为修饰 the thing 的定语从句。He lost his job because of how he treated his boss. 他因为对老板的态度(不好)而丢了工作。句中的 how 相当于 the way in which，也就是说 how he treated his boss相当于 the way in which he treated his boss。其中 the way 用作 because of 的宾语，而in which he treated his boss 为修饰 the way 的定语从句。4. How long have you been an actor? _ 1995, when I graduated from college.A. After B. InC. From D. Since【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】最佳答案为D。若仅从答句来看，四个答案都说得过去。但若结合问句的语境以答案应选D，因为其余三选项填入空格均不能回答问句所提出的问题。比较：When did you became an actor? _ 2008, when I graduated from college.A. After B. InC. From D. Since此题选B，因为问句问的是when(何时)，所以用 in 2008 来回答便顺理成章。请再看两题：(1) How long have you worked on the farm? _ the end of last year.A. In B. ByC. At D. Since答案选D，用 since the end of last year 回答 how long，即问句问工作了多久，答句说自去年年底至今。(2) How long will you work on the farm? _ the end of next year.A. In B. ByC. At D. Since答案选B，问句问将工作多久，答句说工作明年明底。(3) When did you leave the farm? _ the end of last year.A. In B. ByC. At D. Since答案选C，问句问何时离开，答句说去年明底离开。5. Dont be angry _ me for not having written. I was really too busy.A. about B. withC. to D. for【陷阱】容易误选B。根据汉语的对某人生气，将其中的对直译为to。【分析】最佳答案为 B。按英语习惯，要表示对某人生气，通常用 be angry with at sb，要表示对某事生气，通常用 be angry at about sth(在美国英语中也用 be angry with sth，但不说 be angry with sb)。比较以下表达，其中的对也不用to来翻译：你对这些安排感到满意吗?误：Did you feel satisfied to the arrangements? 正：Did you feel satisfied with the arrangements?老师应该对他的学生严格要求。误：Teachers should be strict to their students.正：Teachers should be strict with their students.6. In those days, we had no phones, so we have to keep in touch _ writing often.A. with B. ofC. on D. by【陷阱】容易误选A。根据 keep in touch with (与保持联系)这一常用搭配推出。【分析】正确答案是D。by 在这里表示方式，by writing 意为通过写信，全句意为我们通过经常写信保持联系。请再看几例(均与介词搭配有关)：(1) Weve talked a lot _ films. How _ television now?A. of, with B. with, towardsC. about, about D. for, about此题不要受 a lot of的影响而误选A。若第一空选 of，a lot of cars 即为动词 talk 的宾语，但实际上动词 talk 是不及物动词，不能后接宾语。最佳答案应是C，句中的a lot是修饰动词 talked 的状语，talk about才是一个动词短语。 全句意为我们对电影已谈了不少，现在谈谈电视怎么样? What about意为怎么样，用于征求意见。(2) We all regarded the poor old man _sympathy.A. as B. withC. of D. by有的同学一看到句中的 regard 和选项中的 as，马上就联想到 regard as (把当作)这一搭配，从而断定此题应选A。但是错了，原因是将此搭配套入原句，句子意思不通。正确答案是B，句意为我们大家都很同情这位老人。 精编题训练1. So far, several ships have been reported missing _ the coast of Bermuda Island.A. off B. alongC. on D. around2. How long have you stayed in this hotel? Not long, just _ this Monday.A. on B. sinceC. until D. after3. The lift in that tall building went wrong and got trapped _ floors. People in it had no way to get out.A. in B. betweenC. among D. on 4. What a terrible rain we are having! Yes. We are asked to pay more attention to the information about the rain _ flood.A. as well as B. so long asC. because of D. in case of5. _ their inexperience, theyve done a good job. A. Given B. SupposedC. Considered D. Concluded6. They promise that the work would all be finished _ next week. A. until B. inC. by D. to7. _ reading the letter, what has he done?A. Because of B. ExceptC. Besides D. But for8. How did the robber get in? _ an open window on the first floor.A. Past B. FromC. Over D. Through9. She knew nothing about his journey _ he was likely to be away for three months. A. Except B. except forC. except that D. in addition 10. He usually goes to work by bike _ it rains.A .except B. except whenC. except for D. except that11. I found the island a wonderful place for our experiments _ the hot weather.A. besides B. except forC. except D. except that12. _ the weather, we had a pleasant time.A. Except B. Except forC. But D. Besides13. He always did well at school _ having to do part-time jobs every now and then. A. in spite of B. instead ofC. in case of D. in favor of14. As it was almost time for the flight, all the passengers got _ the plane.A. around B. abroadC. aboard D. ahead 【答案与解析】1. 选A。off 用作介词时可表示距离，此时尤其用于指距离某一大路或靠近某海面。又如：Our house is about 20 meters off the main road. 我们家离大路大约有20米远。The ship anchored a mile off the coast. 轮船抛锚停泊在离海岸1英里的地方。2. 选B。此答句为省略句，补充完整为：Ive stayed in this hotel since this Monday.3. 选 B。between floors 指在两层楼之间。类例地，以下各例也选between：Dont eat anything _ meals if you want to lose weight.4. 选D。复合介词in case of有两个意思，一是表示条件，意为如果；二是表示目的，意为以防。如：In case of fire, call 119. 万一失火，就打119电话。Take an umbrella with you in case of rain. 带把雨伞，以防下雨。5. 选A，given 在此用作介词，意为考虑到。又如：Given the low price, I decided to buy it. 考虑到价格很低，我决定把它买下。6. 选C，by 意为最迟到之前，到的时候已经。类例地，下面一题也选by：The train leaves at 6:00 p.m. So I have to be at the station _5:40 p.m. at the latest.A. until B. afterC. around D. by7. 选C。besides 意为除之外，还。又如：He has another car besides this. 除了这辆车外，他还有一辆。Besides being a teacher, he was a poet. 除了是位教师外，他还是位诗人。Did he do anything besides hitting you? 除了打你之外，他还有没有别的什么举动?8. 选D。through 意为穿过，贯穿，经过，透过。又如：The train ran through the tunnel. 火车穿过隧道。I saw you through the window. 我是透过窗子看到你的。9. 选 C。在四个选项中，只有except that 后可接句子。10. 选B。except when 和 except that 后均可接句子，但前者含当的时候的意思，而后者则没有这个意思。11. 选B。except 与 except for的区别是：前者主要用来谈论同类的东西；后者主要用来谈论不同类的东西，在说明情况后作细节上的修正，有时含有惋惜之意。12. 选B，except 和 except for 均可表示排除，但若是表示谈论不同类的对象，通常用 except for。另外，except 通常不用于句首。13. 选A。比较：in spite of=虽然，尽管仍；instead of=代替，取而代之；in case of=假设，万一；in favour of=赞同，有利于。14. 选C。aboard 用作介词时意思在(船、飞机、车)上、上(船、飞机、车)。-定语从句与强调句1. The factory was built in a secret place, around _ high mountains. A. which was B. it was C. which were D. them were【陷阱】容易误选A或B，将A、B中的 which 和 it 误认为是其后句子的主语。【分析】最佳答案是C，around which were high mountains 是一个由介词+which引出的非限制性定语从句，而在该从句中，主语是 high mountains，around which 是表语，所以句子谓语应用复数were，而不是用单数 was。请做以下类例题目（答案均为C）：(1) Yesterday we visited a modern hospital, around _ some fruit shops.A. which is B. it is C. which are D. them are(2) The murder happened in an old building, beside _ the city police station.A. which are B. it is C. which is D. them are(3) Next month well move to a new building, next to _ a nice restaurants where we can have Chinese food.A. which are B. it is C. which is D. them are2. A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, Is there a hospital around _ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?A. that B. which C. where D. what【陷阱】容易误选 B，认为 around 是介词，选 which 用以代替前面的名词 hospital，在此用作介词 around 的宾语。【分析】最佳答案为C。以上语法分析并不算错，但问题是，照此分析，此句的意思即为：有没有这样一个医院，我在它的附近可以买药治我的手伤？这样的语境显然有点不合情理，因为人们通常是在医院里面治伤，而不是在医院附近治伤。此题选 C 的理由是：句中的 around 不是介词，而是副词，意为在附近；其后的 where 引导定语从句用以修饰其前的地点名词 hospital，句意为：附近有没有一家医院，我可以去治我的手伤？3. David is such a good boy _ all the teachers like.A. that B. who C. as D. whom【陷阱】此题容易误选A，许多同学一看到题干中的such，再联系到选项中的 that，便认为这是考查such that 句式。况且，这样理解意思也还通顺。【分析】最佳答案为C，不是A，因为在such that (如此以至)结构中，that 引导的是结果状语从句，并且 that 在从句中不充当句子成分，若在上句填入 such that ，句末的动词 like 缺宾语。选C的理由如下：as 用作关系代词，用以引导定语从句，修饰其前的名词 boy，同时 as 在定语从句中用作动词 like 的宾语，句意为所有老师都喜欢的一位好男孩。有的同学可能还会问，假若选A，能否将其后的 that 视为引导定语从句的关系代词呢？不能，因为当先行词受到 such 的修饰时，其后的定语从句应用关系代词 as 来引导，而不用that。比较下面一题，答案为A，因为 like 后有自己的宾语 him：David is such a good boy _ all the teachers like him.A. that B. who C. as D. whom请再做以下试题（答案选D）：It was not such a good dinner _ she had promised us.A. like B. that C. which D. as4. The buses, most of _ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.A. that B. it C. them D. which【陷阱】容易误选 C，用 them 代指 the buses。【分析】最佳答案是D。most of which were already full 为非限制性定语从句，修饰 the buses。类似地，以下各题也选D：(1) His house, for _ he paid $10, 000, is now worth $50, 000.A. that B. it C. them D. which(2) Ashdown forest, through _ well be driving, isnt a forest any longer.A. that B. it C. them D. which(3) This I did at nine oclock, after _ I sat reading the paper.A. that B. it C. them D. which类似地，以下各题选 whom，不选 them：(4) George, with _ I played tennis on Sundays, was a warm-hearted person.A. that B. him C. them D. whom(5) Her sons, both of _ work abroad, will come back home this summer.A. that B. who C. them D. whom(6) I met the fruit-pickers, several of _ were still university students. A. that B. who C. them D. whom5. He had a lot of friends, only a few of _ invited to his wedding.A. whom B. them C. which D. who【陷阱】容易误选 A，认为这是非限制性定语从句。【分析】最佳答案是B，这不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词 invited 并不是一个完整的谓语，而是一个过去分词。当然，假若在 invited 前加上助动词 were，则是一个非限制性定语从句，答案便应选A。比较：(1) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _ carried out in their work.A. which B. them C. what D. that答案选B，none of them carried out in their work 是独立主格结构，其中的 carried out 为过去分词。(2) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _ were carried out in their work.A. which B. them C. what D. that答案选A，none of them were carried out in their work 是非限制性定语从句，注意与上例比较句中多了一个助动词were。(3) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, but none of _ were carried out in their work.A. which B. them C. what D. that答案选B，由于两句之间增加了一个并列连词but，使得该句成了一个并列句。6. On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents seated together joking.A. their B. whose C. which D. that【陷阱】容易误选B，认为这是非限制性定语从句。【分析】最佳答案是A。与上面一题相似，their parents seated together joking 不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词 seated 不是谓语，而是一个过去分词，因为 seat 作动词用时，是及物动词。比较以下相似题：(1) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents were seated together joking.A. their B. whose C. which D. that选B。whose parents were seated together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为其后有完整的谓语 were seated。(2) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, and _ parents were seated together joking.A. their B. whose C. which D. that选A。因为句中有并列连词and，整个句子为并列句。(3) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents sitting together joking.A. their B. whose C. which D. that选A。their parents sitting together joking 为独立主格结构。(4) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents sat together joking.A. their B. whose C. which D. that选B。whose parents sat together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为句中有完整的谓语 sat。(5) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents were sitting together joking.A. their B. whose C. which D. that选B。whose parents were sitting together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为句中有完整的谓语 were sitting。7. If the man is only interested in your looks, _ just shows how shallow he is.A. as B. which C. what D. that【陷阱】容易误选A或B，误这是非限制性定语从句。【分析】正确答案为D，注意逗号前是一个条件状语从句，逗号后是该状语从句的主句，that 在此代表前文所述的情况，用作主句的主语。类似地，下面几道题也选 that，而不选 which：(1) If you promise to go with us, _ will be OK.A. as B. which C. and it D. that(2) If you want a double room, _ will cost another 15. A. as B. which C. what D. that(3) Whether you go or not, _ is quite all right with me. A. that B. which C. and it D. so(4) When I say two hours, _ includes time for eating. A. as B. which C. what D. that典型高考英语陷阱题详解-强调句1. How was _ they discovered the entrance to the underground palace? Totally by chance.A. it that B. he that C. it when D. he which【陷阱】几个干扰项均可能误选。【分析】答案选A，为强调句的特殊疑问句形式，其相应的陈述句形式为：It was totally by chance that they discovered the entrance to the underground palace. 比较以下各题，它们也属强调句的特殊疑问句形式：(1) Who was it _ saved the drowning girl?A. since B. as C. that D. he答案选C，被强调成分为 who，该句实为类似 It was Tom that saved the drowning girl. 这类强调句的特殊疑问句形式（即对其中的Tom 提问而得）。(2) What is it _ his daughter needs most?A. what B. which C. that D. if答案选C，被强调成分为 what，该句实为类似 It is a bike that his daughter needs most. 这类强调句的特殊疑问句形式（即对其中的a bike 提问而得）。2. Where did you find the professor who made the speech yesterday? It was in the hall _ the students often have a meeting.A. where B. which C. that D. when【陷阱】很可能误选C，认为这是一个强调句，强调地点状语 in the hall。【分析】假若选C，即有 It was in the hall that the students often have a meeting，该句的意思是学生们通常是在大厅开会，单独看这一句，无论是其意思还是其语法均未错，但若将其与上文联系起来看，则不通，因为上文的意思是你是在哪儿找到昨天作报告的那位教授的?假若将答句改为 It was in the hall that I found the professor，则完全可以。其实，此题的最佳答案是A，where the students often have a meeting 为定语从句，用以修饰其前的名词 the hall，句意为是在学生们经常开会的那个大厅(找到教授的)，这样语意就通顺了。3. It was what he meant rather than what he said _ annoyed me. A. which B. as C. what D. that【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】此题为一个强调句型，空格处应填 that (即选D)，被强调成分为 what he meant rather than what he said。句意为让我生气的不是他说的话，而是他话中的意思。请再看两例：(1) It was his nervousness in the interview _ probably lost him the job. A. which B. since C. that D. what 答案选C，为强调句型，被强调成分为 his nervousness in the interview，句意为很可能是面试时表现出紧张，使他失去了这份工作。(2) It is the ability to do the job _ matters not where you come from or what you are.A. one B. that C. what D. it答案选B，为强调句型，被强调成分为 the ability to do the job，句意为重要的是你做工作的能力，而不是你来自何地或你是从事什么工作的。4. It was in the small house _ was built with stones by his father _ he spent his childhood.A. which, that B. that, which C. which, which D. that, where【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选，主要是分不清为强调句型，或即使分清为强调句型，也分不清强调哪一个成分。【分析】答案选A，第一空填 which，用以引导定语从句；第二空填that，为强调句的结构词，被强调部分为 in the small house (以及修饰它的定语从句 which was built with stones by his father)。此题难就难在强调句型中套用了定语从句。请再看类似例子：(1) It was the boy _ had been in prison _ stole the money.A. who, w