ORACLE过滤和排序数据.ppt

过滤和排序数据,目标,通过本章学习，您将可以: 在查询中过滤行。 在查询中对行进行排序。,在查询中过滤行,“retrieve all employees in department 90”,EMPLOYEES,过滤,使用WHERE 子句，将不满足条件的行过滤掉。 WHERE 子句紧随 FROM 子句。,SELECT *|DISTINCT column|expression alias,. FROM table WHERE condition(s);,WHERE 子句,SELECT employee_id, last_name, job_id, department_id FROM employees WHERE department_id = 90 ;,字符和日期,字符和日期要包含在单引号中。 字符大小写敏感，日期格式敏感。 默认的日期格式是 DD-MON-RR。,SELECT last_name, job_id, department_id FROM employees WHERE last_name = Whalen;,比较运算,Operator = = ,Meaning Equal to Greater than Greater than or equal to Less than Less than or equal to Not equal to,SELECT last_name, salary FROM employees WHERE salary = 3000;,比较运算,其它比较运算,运算符 BETWEEN .AND. IN(set) LIKE IS NULL,含义 在两值之间 (包含), 匹配列出的值 匹配一个字符模式 是空值,BETWEEN,使用 BETWEEN 运算来显示在一个区间内的值。,SELECT last_name, salary FROM employees WHERE salary BETWEEN 2500 AND 3500;,Lower limit,Upper limit,SELECT employee_id, last_name, salary, manager_id FROM employees WHERE manager_id IN (100, 101, 201);,IN,使用 IN运算显示列表中的值。,LIKE,使用 LIKE 运算选择类似的值 选择条件可以包含字符或数字: % 代表一个或多个字符。 _ 代表一个字符。,SELECT first_name FROM employees WHERE first_name LIKE S%;,%和-可以同时使用。 可以使用 ESCAPE 标识符 选择%和 _ 符号。,LIKE,SELECT last_name FROM employees WHERE last_name LIKE _o%;,NULL,使用 NULL 判断空值。,SELECT last_name, manager_id FROM employees WHERE manager_id IS NULL;,逻辑运算,Operator AND OR NOT,Meaning Returns TRUE if both component conditions are true Returns TRUE if either component condition is true Returns TRUE if the following condition is false,AND,AND 要求和的关系为真。,SELECT employee_id, last_name, job_id, salary FROM employees WHERE salary =10000 AND job_id LIKE %MAN%;,OR,OR 要求或关系为真。,SELECT employee_id, last_name, job_id, salary FROM employees WHERE salary = 10000 OR job_id LIKE %MAN%;,SELECT last_name, job_id FROM employees WHERE job_id NOT IN (IT_PROG, ST_CLERK, SA_REP);,NOT,优先级,Override rules of precedence by using parentheses.,Order Evaluated Operator 1 Arithmetic operators 2 Concatenation operator 3 Comparison conditions 4 IS NOT NULL, LIKE, NOT IN 5 NOT BETWEEN 6 NOT logical condition 7 AND logical condition 8 OR logical condition,SELECT last_name, job_id, salary FROM employees WHERE job_id = SA_REP OR job_id = AD_PRES AND salary 15000;,优先级,AND优先级大于OR,SELECT last_name, job_id, salary FROM employees WHERE (job_id = SA_REP OR job_id = AD_PRES) AND salary 15000;,优先级,使用括号控制执行顺序。,SELECT last_name, job_id, department_id, hire_date FROM employees ORDER BY hire_date ;,ORDER BY 字句,使用 ORDER BY 子句排序 ASC: 升序(默认方式) DESC: 降序 ORDER BY 子句在SELECT语句的结尾。,降序排序,SELECT last_name, job_id, department_id, hire_date FROM employees ORDER BY hire_date DESC ;,按别名排序,SELECT employee_id, last_name, salary*12 annsal FROM employees ORDER BY annsal;,按照ORDER BY 列表的顺序排序。 可以使用不在SELECT 列表中的列排序。,SELECT last_name, department_id, salary FROM employees ORDER BY department_id, salary DESC;,多个列排序,总结,SELECT *|DISTINCT column|expression alias,. FROM table WHERE condit