改变世界的物理学三.pptx

2019/4/17,1,改变世界的物理学(三) - 狭义相对论,金晓峰,武汉大学，2011/11/17,1.Maxwell方程组 2.Einstein 1905年文章,复旦大学物理系,2019/4/17,2,Teaching should be such that what is offered is perceived as a valuable gift and not as a hard duty.,A. Einstein,The mediocre teacher tells. The good teacher explains. The superior teacher demonstrates. The great teacher inspires.,William Arthur Ward,The ruler can exert a force on individual pieces of paper !,Why ?,Charges of the same sign repel one another, and charges of the opposite sign attract one another !,The attraction between the glass and the silk is a result of some physical entity being transferred from one to the other when they rub together.,This physical entity is called electric charge !,Model !,1780s Luigi Galvani “Animal Electricity”,1800 Alessandro Volta “Electromotive Force”,Zn,Ag,Ag,Zn,Why ?,Why ?,1819 Oersted,Why ?,1831 Fraday,Why ?,Gauss law Gauss law for magnetic fields Faradays law of induction Amperes circuital law,Maxwells equations (integral and differential):,Maxwells equations in vacuum,对任何领域的学生来说，阅读相关的原始文献都是极有益处的，因为处在雏形中的科学最容易被消化。,James Clark Maxwell,“To understand a science it is necessary to know its history.”,August Comte (1789-1857),in “Positive Philosophy”,Michelson-Morley Experiment (1887),Ms M2 Ms,光程差,Ms M1 Ms,v,v,干涉仪旋转 90o,条纹,